In Amenas (Arabic: عين أمناس,[2]‘In ’Amanās) is a town and commune in eastern Algeria, bordering with Libya. The town is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) west of the border. There is no border crossing in the area. The municipality had 7,385 inhabitants in 2008,[1] up from 5.302 in 1998,[3] with an annual growth rate of 3.4%[1] According to the Algerian novelist Mouloud Mammeri the name is a Tuareg word which means "place of camel drivers."[4][5]
In Amenas has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classificationBWh). Summers are long and very hot with average high temperatures over 40 °C (104 °F) during June, July and August. Winters remain warm and brief at daytime but nights can be quite cold, with average low temperatures below 4 °C (39.2 °F) during January, the coolest month of the year. In Amenas averages annual rainfall of only 23.2 mm (0.91 in) as the town is located within the large central hyperarid core of the Sahara Desert. The sky is always clear over In Amenas throughout the year and the relative humidity is very low, especially during summer months.
In Amenas is the starting point of the In Amenas-Haoud El Hamra oil pipeline and the In Amenas-Hassi Messaoud gas pipeline.[10]
The natural gas joint development project (known as the In Amenas Gas Project) which includes four primary gas fields plus the gathering and processing facilities in Tiguentourine, 25 kilometres (16 mi) outside the town, was commissioned in 2006.[11] The project is operated by Sonatrach, BP, and Statoil.[12]Zarzaitine is one of the notable sites Sonatrach is operating in the area.
Historyedit
In January 2013, the Tigantourine gas facility was attacked by Islamist militants. At least 39 foreign hostages, along with an Algerian security guard, were killed when the facility was stormed after a four day stand-off.[13] A total of 685 Algerian workers and 107 foreigners were freed.[14] It was one of many attacks in the Maghreb carried out by Islamist groups since 2002.
Educationedit
7.0% of the population has a tertiary education, and another 16.9% has completed secondary education.[15] The overall literacy rate is 80.0%, and is 85.0% among males and 72.8% among females.[16]
^ abc(PDF) (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
^Wilaya of Ilizi in Official journals of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
^"Algeria Communes". Statoids. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
^Jacqueline Arnaud, Poétiques croisées du Maghreb 1991 Université Paris-Nord. Centre d'études francophones, Jāmiʻat al-Jazāʼir. Equipe de recherches: Sémiologie du texte littéraire et analyse du discours - 1991 commentary on Mouloud Mammeri, La Traversée Page 72 "Il décrit l'oasis d'In Amenas: "Mourad, lui aussi, découvre le village fantôme, d'abord dans le Sahara, et ensuite en Kabylie. Il décrit l'oasis d'In Amenas: In Amenas veut dire en touareg le lieu des méharis. Ce n'était plus qu'une dérision. A la place des méharis ..."
^Mildred P. Mortimer Journeys through the French African novel 1990 commentary on Mouloud Mammeri, La Traversée - Page 124 "Tension between the irretrievable past and the impoverished present is presented by the contrast between memories of graceful camels and sights of awkward lumbering trucks: "In Amenas means in Tuareg the gathering place of camel drivers.."
^New York Times report on In Aménas hostage crisis
^"In Amenas, Algeria". Climatebase.ru. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
^"Climate Data For In Amenas, Algeria". Climatedata.org. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
^"In Aménas Airport". OurAirports. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
^"North Africa Pipelines map - Crude Oil (petroleum) pipelines - Natural Gas pipelines - Products pipelines". Theodora.com. Retrieved 2013-01-19.
^Andrew Callus: "Desert site is home to kidnapped foreign gas workers" Reuters, 16 January 2013
^Maiken Ree for NTB: Statoil-anlegg angrepet i Algerie (in Norwegian) Teknisk Ukeblad, 16 January 2013
^. Euronews. 21 January 2013. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
^ Laura Smith-Spark; Joe Sterling (19 January 2013). "Bloody Algeria hostage crisis ends after 'final' assault, officials say". CNN. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
^(PDF) (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
^(PDF) (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2013.
^(PDF) (in French). Journal officiel de la République Algérienne. 19 December 1984. p. 1554. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2013.
Neighbouring towns and cities
May 03, 2024
amenas, other, uses, amenas, disambiguation, arabic, عين, أمناس, amanās, town, commune, eastern, algeria, bordering, with, libya, town, located, kilometres, west, border, there, border, crossing, area, municipality, inhabitants, 2008, from, 1998, with, annual,. For other uses see Amenas disambiguation In Amenas Arabic عين أمناس 2 In Amanas is a town and commune in eastern Algeria bordering with Libya The town is located 30 kilometres 19 mi west of the border There is no border crossing in the area The municipality had 7 385 inhabitants in 2008 1 up from 5 302 in 1998 3 with an annual growth rate of 3 4 1 According to the Algerian novelist Mouloud Mammeri the name is a Tuareg word which means place of camel drivers 4 5 In Amenas عين أمناسTown and CommuneLocation of In Amenas commune within Illizi ProvinceIn AmenasLocation of In Amenas within AlgeriaCoordinates 28 2 27 N 9 32 35 E 28 04083 N 9 54306 E 28 04083 9 54306Country AlgeriaProvinceIlliziDistrictAin Amenas seat Area Total14 913 km2 5 758 sq mi Elevation549 m 1 801 ft Population 2008 1 Total7 385 Density0 50 km2 1 3 sq mi Time zoneUTC 01 CET Postal code33200ONS code3306 The natural gas facility near the municipality was attacked by Islamist militants in January 2013 6 Contents 1 Climate 2 Transport 3 Economy 3 1 Natural gas 4 History 5 Education 6 Localities 7 ReferencesClimate editIn Amenas has a hot desert climate Koppen climate classification BWh Summers are long and very hot with average high temperatures over 40 C 104 F during June July and August Winters remain warm and brief at daytime but nights can be quite cold with average low temperatures below 4 C 39 2 F during January the coolest month of the year In Amenas averages annual rainfall of only 23 2 mm 0 91 in as the town is located within the large central hyperarid core of the Sahara Desert The sky is always clear over In Amenas throughout the year and the relative humidity is very low especially during summer months nbsp Climate In Amenas Climate data for In Amenas Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Mean daily maximum C F 17 1 62 8 21 0 69 8 25 3 77 5 32 7 90 9 35 9 96 6 40 8 105 4 41 9 107 4 41 2 106 2 39 4 102 9 33 7 92 7 25 2 77 4 18 4 65 1 31 1 87 9 Daily mean C F 10 8 51 4 13 9 57 0 17 6 63 7 24 0 75 2 28 1 82 6 32 9 91 2 33 9 93 0 33 4 92 1 30 8 87 4 25 2 77 4 18 1 64 6 12 2 54 0 23 4 74 1 Mean daily minimum C F 4 4 39 9 6 8 44 2 9 9 49 8 15 3 59 5 20 3 68 5 25 1 77 2 25 9 78 6 25 6 78 1 22 2 72 0 16 7 62 1 10 9 51 6 6 0 42 8 15 8 60 4 Average precipitation mm inches 2 5 0 10 1 5 0 06 3 7 0 15 1 2 0 05 2 0 0 08 1 3 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 02 1 1 0 04 3 7 0 15 2 4 0 09 3 3 0 13 23 2 0 92 Average relative humidity 47 7 42 5 33 1 28 5 25 2 23 1 21 0 24 0 27 8 37 8 40 1 47 1 33 2 Source 1 climatebase ru extremes humidity 7 Source 2 en climatedata org averages temperatures and rainfall 8 Transport edit It is served by In Amenas Airport 9 with Air Algerie flights to Algiers Hassi Messaoud Oran and Ouargla and Tassili Airlines flights to Adrar El Golea El Oued In Salah Tebessa and Touggourt Economy edit Natural gas edit In Amenas is the starting point of the In Amenas Haoud El Hamra oil pipeline and the In Amenas Hassi Messaoud gas pipeline 10 The natural gas joint development project known as the In Amenas Gas Project which includes four primary gas fields plus the gathering and processing facilities in Tiguentourine 25 kilometres 16 mi outside the town was commissioned in 2006 11 The project is operated by Sonatrach BP and Statoil 12 Zarzaitine is one of the notable sites Sonatrach is operating in the area History edit In January 2013 the Tigantourine gas facility was attacked by Islamist militants At least 39 foreign hostages along with an Algerian security guard were killed when the facility was stormed after a four day stand off 13 A total of 685 Algerian workers and 107 foreigners were freed 14 It was one of many attacks in the Maghreb carried out by Islamist groups since 2002 Education edit 7 0 of the population has a tertiary education and another 16 9 has completed secondary education 15 The overall literacy rate is 80 0 and is 85 0 among males and 72 8 among females 16 Localities edit The commune is composed of eight localities 17 Centre CIS Zone Industrielle Zarzaitine Edjeleh Elhadeb Larache Saut du Mouflon Ohanet References edit nbsp Algeria portal a b c Population Bechar Wilaya PDF in French Office National des Statistiques Algerie Archived from the original PDF on 13 November 2011 Retrieved 24 February 2013 Wilaya of Ilizi in Official journals of the People s Democratic Republic of Algeria Algeria Communes Statoids Retrieved 8 March 2013 Jacqueline Arnaud Poetiques croisees du Maghreb 1991 Universite Paris Nord Centre d etudes francophones Jamiʻat al Jazaʼir Equipe de recherches Semiologie du texte litteraire et analyse du discours 1991 commentary on Mouloud Mammeri La Traversee Page 72 Il decrit l oasis d In Amenas Mourad lui aussi decouvre le village fantome d abord dans le Sahara et ensuite en Kabylie Il decrit l oasis d In Amenas In Amenas veut dire en touareg le lieu des meharis Ce n etait plus qu une derision A la place des meharis Mildred P Mortimer Journeys through the French African novel 1990 commentary on Mouloud Mammeri La Traversee Page 124 Tension between the irretrievable past and the impoverished present is presented by the contrast between memories of graceful camels and sights of awkward lumbering trucks In Amenas means in Tuareg the gathering place of camel drivers New York Times report on In Amenas hostage crisis In Amenas Algeria Climatebase ru Retrieved 17 May 2013 Climate Data For In Amenas Algeria Climatedata org Retrieved 17 May 2013 In Amenas Airport OurAirports Retrieved 17 May 2013 North Africa Pipelines map Crude Oil petroleum pipelines Natural Gas pipelines Products pipelines Theodora com Retrieved 2013 01 19 Andrew Callus Desert site is home to kidnapped foreign gas workers Reuters 16 January 2013 Maiken Ree for NTB Statoil anlegg angrepet i Algerie in Norwegian Teknisk Ukeblad 16 January 2013 Algeria details the deaths at In Amenas siege Euronews 21 January 2013 Archived from the original on 24 January 2013 Retrieved 15 April 2021 Laura Smith Spark Joe Sterling 19 January 2013 Bloody Algeria hostage crisis ends after final assault officials say CNN Retrieved 15 April 2021 Structure relative de la population residente des menages ordinaires et collectifs agee de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d instruction et la commune de residence PDF in French Office National des Statistiques Algerie Archived from the original PDF on 13 November 2011 Retrieved 13 February 2013 Taux d analphabetisme et taux d alphabetisation de la population agee de 15 ans et plus selon le sexe et la commune de residence PDF in French Office National des Statistiques Algerie Archived from the original PDF on 13 November 2011 Retrieved 16 May 2013 Decret n 84 365 fixant la composition la consistance et les limites territoriale des communes Wilaya d Illizi PDF in French Journal officiel de la Republique Algerienne 19 December 1984 p 1554 Archived from the original PDF on 22 October 2013 Retrieved 2 March 2013 Neighbouring towns and cities Retrieved from https en 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