The Illustris project is an ongoing series of astrophysical simulations run by an international collaboration of scientists.[1] The aim was to study the processes of galaxy formation and evolution in the universe with a comprehensive physical model. Early results were described in a number of publications[2][3][4] following widespread press coverage.[5][6][7] The project publicly released all data produced by the simulations in April, 2015. Key developers of the Illustris simulation have been Volker Springel (Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik) and Mark Vogelsberger (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). The Illustris simulation framework and galaxy formation model has been used for a wide range of spin-off projects, starting with Auriga and IllustrisTNG (both 2017) followed by Thesan (2021), MillenniumTNG (2022) and TNG-Cluster (to be published in 2023).
The original Illustris project was carried out by Mark Vogelsberger[8] and collaborators as the first large-scale galaxy formation application of Volker Springel's novel Arepo code.[9]
The simulation included many physical processes which are thought to be critical for galaxy formation. These include the formation of stars and the subsequent "feedback" due to supernova explosions, as well as the formation of super-massive black holes, their consumption of nearby gas, and their multiple modes of energetic feedback.[1][4][10]
Images, videos, and other data visualizations for public distribution are available at official media page.
A code called "Arepo" was used to run the Illustris simulations. It was written by Volker Springel, the same author as the GADGET code. The name is derived from the Sator Square. This code solves the coupled equations of gravity and hydrodynamics using a discretization of space based on a moving Voronoi tessellation. It is optimized for running on large, distributed memory supercomputers using an MPI approach.
Public data release
In April, 2015 (eleven months after the first papers were published) the project team publicly released all data products from all simulations.[12] All original data files can be directly downloaded through the data release webpage. This includes group catalogs of individual halos and subhalos, merger trees tracking these objects through time, full snapshot particle data at 135 distinct time points, and various supplementary data catalogs. In addition to direct data download, a web-based API allows for many common search and data extraction tasks to be completed without needing access to the full data sets.
German postage stamp
In December 2018, the Illustris simulation was recognized by Deutsche Post through a special series stamp.
IllustrisTNG
Overview
The IllustrisTNG project, "the next generation" follow up to the original Illustris simulation, was first presented in July, 2017. A team of scientists from Germany and the U.S. led by Prof. Volker Springel.[13] First, a new physical model was developed, which among other features included Magnetohydrodynamics planned three simulations, which used different volumes at different resolutions. The intermediate simulation (TNG100) was equivalent to the original Illustris simulation.
^ abcdeStaff (14 June 2014). "The Illustris Simulation - Towards a predictive theory of galaxy formation". Retrieved 16 July 2014.
^ abVogelsberger, Mark; Genel, Shy; Springel, Volker; Torrey, Paul; Sijacki, Debora; Xu, Dandan; Snyder, Greg; Nelson, Dylan; Hernquist, Lars (14 May 2014). "Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 444 (2): 1518–1547. arXiv:1405.2921. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.444.1518V. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1536. S2CID 16470101.
^Genel, Shy; Vogelsberger, Mark; Springel, Volker; Sijacki, Debora; Nelson, Dylan; Snyder, Greg; Rodriguez-Gomez, Vicente; Torrey, Paul; Hernquist, Lars (15 May 2014). "The Illustris Simulation: the evolution of galaxy populations across cosmic time". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 445 (1): 175–200. arXiv:1405.3749. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.445..175G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1654. S2CID 18372674.
^ abVogelsberger, M.; Genel, S.; Springel, V.; Torrey, P.; Sijacki, D.; Xu, D.; Snyder, G.; Bird, S.; Nelson, D.; Hernquist, L. (8 May 2014). "Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation". Nature. 509 (7499): 177–182. arXiv:1405.1418. Bibcode:2014Natur.509..177V. doi:10.1038/nature13316. PMID 24805343. S2CID 4400772.
^ abAguilar, David A.; Pulliam, Christine (7 May 2014). "Astronomers Create First Realistic Virtual Universe - Release No.: 2014-10". Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
^ abNemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (12 May 2014). "Illustris Simulation of the Universe". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
^"MIT Department of Physics". web.mit.edu. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
^Vogelsberger, Mark; Sijacki, Debora; Kereš, Dušan; Springel, Volker; Hernquist, Lars (5 September 2012). "Moving mesh cosmology: numerical techniques and global statistics". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 425 (4): 3024–3057. arXiv:1109.1281. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.425.3024V. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21590.x. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 118472303.
^Vogelsberger, Mark; Genel, Shy; Sijacki, Debora; Torrey, Paul; Springel, Volker; Hernquist, Lars (23 October 2013). "A model for cosmological simulations of galaxy formation physics". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 436 (4): 3031–3067. arXiv:1305.2913. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.436.3031V. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1789. ISSN 1365-2966. S2CID 119200587.
^Mann, Adam (7 May 2014). "Supercomputers Simulate the Universe in Unprecedented Detail". Wired. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
^Nelson, D.; Pillepich, A.; Genel, S.; Vogelsberger, M.; Springel, V.; Torrey, P.; Rodriguez-Gomez, V.; Sijacki, D.; Snyder, G. F.; Griffen, B.; Marinacci, F.; Blecha, L.; Sales, L.; Xu, D.; Hernquist, L. (14 May 2014). "The Illustris Simulation: Public Data Release". Astronomy and Computing. 13: 12–37. arXiv:1504.00362. Bibcode:2015A&C....13...12N. doi:10.1016/j.ascom.2015.09.003. S2CID 30423372.
^"Mitarbeiter | Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik". www.mpa-garching.mpg.de. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
Video (06:44) - "Illustris" Simulation on YouTube - Illustris-Project (6 May 2014).
Video (86:49) - "Search for Life in the Universe" on YouTube - NASA (14 July 2014)
"Galaxy simulations are at last matching reality—and producing surprising insights into cosmic evolution". Science. - article containing a comparison table of different simulation projects
illustris, project, ongoing, series, astrophysical, simulations, international, collaboration, scientists, study, processes, galaxy, formation, evolution, universe, with, comprehensive, physical, model, early, results, were, described, number, publications, fo. The Illustris project is an ongoing series of astrophysical simulations run by an international collaboration of scientists 1 The aim was to study the processes of galaxy formation and evolution in the universe with a comprehensive physical model Early results were described in a number of publications 2 3 4 following widespread press coverage 5 6 7 The project publicly released all data produced by the simulations in April 2015 Key developers of the Illustris simulation have been Volker Springel Max Planck Institut fur Astrophysik and Mark Vogelsberger Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Illustris simulation framework and galaxy formation model has been used for a wide range of spin off projects starting with Auriga and IllustrisTNG both 2017 followed by Thesan 2021 MillenniumTNG 2022 and TNG Cluster to be published in 2023 Contents 1 Illustris simulation 1 1 Overview 1 2 Computational aspects 1 3 Public data release 1 4 German postage stamp 2 IllustrisTNG 2 1 Overview 2 2 Public data release 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksIllustris simulation EditOverview Edit The original Illustris project was carried out by Mark Vogelsberger 8 and collaborators as the first large scale galaxy formation application of Volker Springel s novel Arepo code 9 The Illustris project included large scale cosmological simulations of the evolution of the universe spanning initial conditions of the Big Bang to the present day 13 8 billion years later Modeling based on the most precise data and calculations currently available are compared to actual findings of the observable universe in order to better understand the nature of the universe including galaxy formation dark matter and dark energy 5 6 7 The simulation included many physical processes which are thought to be critical for galaxy formation These include the formation of stars and the subsequent feedback due to supernova explosions as well as the formation of super massive black holes their consumption of nearby gas and their multiple modes of energetic feedback 1 4 10 Images videos and other data visualizations for public distribution are available at official media page Computational aspects Edit The main Illustris simulation was run on the Curie supercomputer at CEA France and the SuperMUC supercomputer at the Leibniz Computing Centre Germany 1 11 A total of 19 million CPU hours was required using 8 192 CPU cores 1 The peak memory usage was approximately 25 TB of RAM 1 A total of 136 snapshots were saved over the course of the simulation totaling over 230 TB cumulative data volume 2 A code called Arepo was used to run the Illustris simulations It was written by Volker Springel the same author as the GADGET code The name is derived from the Sator Square This code solves the coupled equations of gravity and hydrodynamics using a discretization of space based on a moving Voronoi tessellation It is optimized for running on large distributed memory supercomputers using an MPI approach Public data release Edit In April 2015 eleven months after the first papers were published the project team publicly released all data products from all simulations 12 All original data files can be directly downloaded through the data release webpage This includes group catalogs of individual halos and subhalos merger trees tracking these objects through time full snapshot particle data at 135 distinct time points and various supplementary data catalogs In addition to direct data download a web based API allows for many common search and data extraction tasks to be completed without needing access to the full data sets German postage stamp Edit In December 2018 the Illustris simulation was recognized by Deutsche Post through a special series stamp IllustrisTNG EditOverview Edit The IllustrisTNG project the next generation follow up to the original Illustris simulation was first presented in July 2017 A team of scientists from Germany and the U S led by Prof Volker Springel 13 First a new physical model was developed which among other features included Magnetohydrodynamics planned three simulations which used different volumes at different resolutions The intermediate simulation TNG100 was equivalent to the original Illustris simulation Unlike Illustris it was run on the Hazel Hen machine at the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart in Germany Up to 25 000 computer cores were employed Public data release Edit In December 2018 the simulation data from IllustrisTNG was released publicly The data service includes a JupyterLab interface Gallery Edit Stamp of German Postal Service in honor of the Illustris Simulation 2018 Galaxies predicted by the Illustris Simulation IllustrisTNG the Illustris follow up simulationSee also EditComputational fluid dynamics Large scale structure of the universe List of cosmological computation software Millennium Run N body simulation UniverseMachineReferences Edit a b c d e Staff 14 June 2014 The Illustris Simulation Towards a predictive theory of galaxy formation Retrieved 16 July 2014 a b Vogelsberger Mark Genel Shy Springel Volker Torrey Paul Sijacki Debora Xu Dandan Snyder Greg Nelson Dylan Hernquist Lars 14 May 2014 Introducing the Illustris Project Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 444 2 1518 1547 arXiv 1405 2921 Bibcode 2014MNRAS 444 1518V doi 10 1093 mnras stu1536 S2CID 16470101 Genel Shy Vogelsberger Mark Springel Volker Sijacki Debora Nelson Dylan Snyder Greg Rodriguez Gomez Vicente Torrey Paul Hernquist Lars 15 May 2014 The Illustris Simulation the evolution of galaxy populations across cosmic time Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 445 1 175 200 arXiv 1405 3749 Bibcode 2014MNRAS 445 175G doi 10 1093 mnras stu1654 S2CID 18372674 a b Vogelsberger M Genel S Springel V Torrey P Sijacki D Xu D Snyder G Bird S Nelson D Hernquist L 8 May 2014 Properties of galaxies reproduced by a hydrodynamic simulation Nature 509 7499 177 182 arXiv 1405 1418 Bibcode 2014Natur 509 177V doi 10 1038 nature13316 PMID 24805343 S2CID 4400772 a b Aguilar David A Pulliam Christine 7 May 2014 Astronomers Create First Realistic Virtual Universe Release No 2014 10 Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Retrieved 16 July 2014 a b Overbye Dennis 16 July 2014 Stalking the Shadow Universe The New York Times Retrieved 16 July 2014 a b Nemiroff R Bonnell J eds 12 May 2014 Illustris Simulation of the Universe Astronomy Picture of the Day NASA Retrieved 16 July 2014 MIT Department of Physics web mit edu Retrieved 22 November 2018 Vogelsberger Mark Sijacki Debora Keres Dusan Springel Volker Hernquist Lars 5 September 2012 Moving mesh cosmology numerical techniques and global statistics Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 425 4 3024 3057 arXiv 1109 1281 Bibcode 2012MNRAS 425 3024V doi 10 1111 j 1365 2966 2012 21590 x ISSN 0035 8711 S2CID 118472303 Vogelsberger Mark Genel Shy Sijacki Debora Torrey Paul Springel Volker Hernquist Lars 23 October 2013 A model for cosmological simulations of galaxy formation physics Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 436 4 3031 3067 arXiv 1305 2913 Bibcode 2013MNRAS 436 3031V doi 10 1093 mnras stt1789 ISSN 1365 2966 S2CID 119200587 Mann Adam 7 May 2014 Supercomputers Simulate the Universe in Unprecedented Detail Wired Retrieved 18 July 2014 Nelson D Pillepich A Genel S Vogelsberger M Springel V Torrey P Rodriguez Gomez V Sijacki D Snyder G F Griffen B Marinacci F Blecha L Sales L Xu D Hernquist L 14 May 2014 The Illustris Simulation Public Data Release Astronomy and Computing 13 12 37 arXiv 1504 00362 Bibcode 2015A amp C 13 12N doi 10 1016 j ascom 2015 09 003 S2CID 30423372 Mitarbeiter Max Planck Institut fur Astrophysik www mpa garching mpg de Retrieved 22 November 2018 External links EditOfficial website Press release Center for Astrophysics Harvard amp Smithsonian 7 May 2014 Video 06 44 Illustris Simulation on YouTube Illustris Project 6 May 2014 Video 86 49 Search for Life in the Universe on YouTube NASA 14 July 2014 Galaxy simulations are at last matching reality and producing surprising insights into cosmic evolution Science article containing a comparison table of different simulation projects Portals Astronomy Physics Space Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Illustris project amp oldid 1140081856, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
