They are not particularly distinctive morphologically, appearing in host tissues as enlarged spheres or ovals containing spores, and most were originally classified in various groups as fungi, protozoa, or colorless algae. However, they form a coherent group on molecular trees, closely related to both animals and fungi and so of interest to biologists studying their origins. In a 2008 study they emerge robustly as the sibling-group of the cladeFilozoa, which includes the animals.[2][3]
The name DRIP is an acronym for the first protozoa identified as members of the group,[5]Cavalier-Smith later treated them as the class Ichthyosporea, since they were all parasites of fish.
Since other new members have been added (e.g. the former fungal orders Eccrinales and Amoebidiales), Mendoza et al. suggested changing the name to Mesomycetozoea, which refers to their evolutionary position. On Eukaryota tree, in Opisthokont clade, Mesomycetozoea is in the middle ("Meso-") of the fungi ("-myceto-") and the animals ("-zoea").[6] Note the name Mesomycetozoa (without a third e) is also used to refer to this group, but Mendoza et al. use it as an alternate name for basal Opisthokonts.[7]
Phylogenyedit
Eukaryota tree. Note "Ichthyosporea" at bottom left, in Opisthokont clade. "Metazoa" are animals, and Choanoflagellates are closely aligned. Fungi is at other end of Opisthokont clade, with Cristidiscoidea closely aligned. Ichthyosporea is in the middle ("Meso-") of the fungi ("-myceto-") and the animals ("-zoea").
^Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998. Neomonada and the origin of animals and fungi. In: Coombs GH, Vickerman K, Sleigh MA, Warren A (ed.) Evolutionary relationships among protozoa. Kluwer, London, pp. 375-407,
^Shalchian-Tabrizi, Kamran; Minge, Marianne A.; Espelund, Mari; Orr, Russell; Ruden, Torgeir; Jakobsen, Kjetill S.; Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Aramayo, Rodolfo (7 May 2008). Aramayo, Rodolfo (ed.). "Multigene phylogeny of choanozoa and the origin of animals". PLOS ONE. 3 (5): e2098. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2098S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002098. PMC2346548. PMID 18461162.
^Douglas Fox, "How life got complicated", Discover Magazine, December 2012.
^Ragan MA, Goggin CL, Cawthorn RJ, et al. (October 1996). "A novel clade of protistan parasites near the animal-fungal divergence". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (21): 11907–12. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9311907R. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11907. PMC38157. PMID 8876236.
^Herr RA, Ajello L, Taylor JW, Arseculeratne SN, Mendoza L (September 1999). "Phylogenetic Analysis of Rhinosporidium seeberi's 18S Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA Groups This Pathogen among Members of the Protoctistan Mesomycetozoa Clade". J. Clin. Microbiol. 37 (9): 2750–4. doi:10.1128/JCM.37.9.2750-2754.1999. PMC85368. PMID 10449446.
^Mendoza L, Taylor JW, Ajello L (October 2002). "The class mesomycetozoea: a heterogeneous group of microorganisms at the animal-fungal boundary". Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 56: 315–44. doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160950. PMID 12142489.
^Borteiro, Claudio; Baldo, Diego; Maronna, Maximiliano Manuel; Ubilla (2018). "Amphibian parasites of the Order Dermocystida (Ichthyosporea): current knowledge, taxonomic review and new records from Brazil". Zootaxa. 4461 (4): 499–518. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4461.4.3. PMID 30314064. S2CID 52977120.
^Reynolds, Nicole K.; Smith, Matthew E.; Tretter, Eric D.; Gause, Justin; Heeney, Dustin; Cafaro, Matías J.; Smith, James F.; Novak, Stephen J.; Bourland, William A.; White, Merlin M. (2017). "Resolving relationships at the animal-fungal divergence: A molecular phylogenetic study of the protist trichomycetes (Ichthyosporea, Eccrinida)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 109: 447–464. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.02.007. PMID 28219758.
^Cavalier-Smith (May 2012). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. PMID 23085100.
^Crous PW, Gams W, Stalpers JA, Cannon PF, Kirk PM, David JC, Triebel D (November 2004). "An online database of names and descriptions as an alternative to registration". Mycological Research. 108 (11): 1236–1238. doi:10.1017/S0953756204221554.
"Eccrinida". Species Fungorum. 2016.
February 15, 2024
ichthyosporea, drip, clade, mesomycetozoea, small, group, opisthokonta, eukaryota, formerly, protists, mostly, parasites, fish, other, animals, temporal, range, ediacaran, recent, preꞒ, nsphaeroforma, arcticascientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotaclade, am. The Ichthyosporea or DRIP clade or Mesomycetozoea are a small group of Opisthokonta in Eukaryota formerly protists mostly parasites of fish and other animals IchthyosporeaTemporal range Ediacaran recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NSphaeroforma arcticaScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaClade AmorpheaClade Obazoa unranked Opisthokonta unranked HolozoaClass IchthyosporeaCavalier Smith 1998 1 OrdersDermocystida IchthyophonidaSynonymsMesomycetozoa Mendoza et al 2002 Contents 1 Significance 2 Terminology 3 Phylogeny 4 Taxonomy 5 ReferencesSignificance editThey are not particularly distinctive morphologically appearing in host tissues as enlarged spheres or ovals containing spores and most were originally classified in various groups as fungi protozoa or colorless algae However they form a coherent group on molecular trees closely related to both animals and fungi and so of interest to biologists studying their origins In a 2008 study they emerge robustly as the sibling group of the clade Filozoa which includes the animals 2 3 Huldtgren et al following x ray tomography of microfossils of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation has interpreted them as mesomycetozoan spore capsules 4 Terminology editThe name DRIP is an acronym for the first protozoa identified as members of the group 5 Cavalier Smith later treated them as the class Ichthyosporea since they were all parasites of fish order Dermocystida D Dermocystidium One species Rhinosporidium seeberi infects birds and mammals including humans R the rosette agent now known as Sphaerothecum destruens order Ichthyophonida I Ichthyophonus P PsorospermiumSince other new members have been added e g the former fungal orders Eccrinales and Amoebidiales Mendoza et al suggested changing the name to Mesomycetozoea which refers to their evolutionary position On Eukaryota tree in Opisthokont clade Mesomycetozoea is in the middle Meso of the fungi myceto and the animals zoea 6 Note the name Mesomycetozoa without a third e is also used to refer to this group but Mendoza et al use it as an alternate name for basal Opisthokonts 7 Phylogeny edit nbsp Eukaryota tree Note Ichthyosporea at bottom left in Opisthokont clade Metazoa are animals and Choanoflagellates are closely aligned Fungi is at other end of Opisthokont clade with Cristidiscoidea closely aligned Ichthyosporea is in the middle Meso of the fungi myceto and the animals zoea Ichthyosporea 8 9 Dermocystida DermocystidaceaeIchthyophonida CreolimacidaePsorospermidaePiridaeTrichomycina AmoebidiidaeIchthyophonidaeParamoebidiidaeEccrinida ParataeniellaceaeEccrinaceaeTaxonomy editClass Ichthyosporea Cavalier Smith 1998 10 11 Order Dermocystida Cavalier Smith 1998 Family Rhinosporidiaceae Mendoza et al 2001 Order Ichthyophonida Cavalier Smith 1998 Suborder Sphaeroformina Cavalier Smith 2012 Family Creolimacidae Cavalier Smith 2012 Family Psorospermidae Cavalier Smith 2012 Family Piridae Cavalier Smith 2012 Suborder Trichomycina Cavalier Smith 2012 Genus Paleocadus Poinar 2016 Family Amoebidiidae Lichtenstein 1917 ex Kirk et al 2001 Family Ichthyophonidae Cavalier Smith 2012 Family Paramoebidiidae Reynolds et al 2017 Family Parataeniellaceae Manier amp Lichtward 1968 Family Eccrinaceae Leger amp Duboscq 1929 Palavasciaceae Manier amp Lichtward 1968 References edit Cavalier Smith T 1998 Neomonada and the origin of animals and fungi In Coombs GH Vickerman K Sleigh MA Warren A ed Evolutionary relationships among protozoa Kluwer London pp 375 407 Shalchian Tabrizi Kamran Minge Marianne A Espelund Mari Orr Russell Ruden Torgeir Jakobsen Kjetill S Cavalier Smith Thomas Aramayo Rodolfo 7 May 2008 Aramayo Rodolfo ed Multigene phylogeny of choanozoa and the origin of animals PLOS ONE 3 5 e2098 Bibcode 2008PLoSO 3 2098S doi 10 1371 journal pone 0002098 PMC 2346548 PMID 18461162 Dawkins Richard Wong Yan 2016 The Ancestor s Tale Houghton Mifflin Harcourt ISBN 978 0544859937 Douglas Fox How life got complicated Discover Magazine December 2012 Ragan MA Goggin CL Cawthorn RJ et al October 1996 A novel clade of protistan parasites near the animal fungal divergence Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 21 11907 12 Bibcode 1996PNAS 9311907R doi 10 1073 pnas 93 21 11907 PMC 38157 PMID 8876236 Herr RA Ajello L Taylor JW Arseculeratne SN Mendoza L September 1999 Phylogenetic Analysis of Rhinosporidium seeberi s 18S Small Subunit Ribosomal DNA Groups This Pathogen among Members of the Protoctistan Mesomycetozoa Clade J Clin Microbiol 37 9 2750 4 doi 10 1128 JCM 37 9 2750 2754 1999 PMC 85368 PMID 10449446 Mendoza L Taylor JW Ajello L October 2002 The class mesomycetozoea a heterogeneous group of microorganisms at the animal fungal boundary Annu Rev Microbiol 56 315 44 doi 10 1146 annurev micro 56 012302 160950 PMID 12142489 Borteiro Claudio Baldo Diego Maronna Maximiliano Manuel Ubilla 2018 Amphibian parasites of the Order Dermocystida Ichthyosporea current knowledge taxonomic review and new records from Brazil Zootaxa 4461 4 499 518 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 4461 4 3 PMID 30314064 S2CID 52977120 Reynolds Nicole K Smith Matthew E Tretter Eric D Gause Justin Heeney Dustin Cafaro Matias J Smith James F Novak Stephen J Bourland William A White Merlin M 2017 Resolving relationships at the animal fungal divergence A molecular phylogenetic study of the protist trichomycetes Ichthyosporea Eccrinida Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 109 447 464 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2017 02 007 PMID 28219758 Cavalier Smith May 2012 Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes cell structural diversity and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa Sulcozoa and Choanozoa European Journal of Protistology 49 2 115 178 doi 10 1016 j ejop 2012 06 001 PMID 23085100 Crous PW Gams W Stalpers JA Cannon PF Kirk PM David JC Triebel D November 2004 An online database of names and descriptions as an alternative to registration Mycological Research 108 11 1236 1238 doi 10 1017 S0953756204221554 Eccrinida Species Fungorum 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ichthyosporea amp oldid 1198007050, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
