Ibn Bashkuwāl, Khalaf ibn ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Mas'ud ibn Musa ibn Bashkuwāl ibn Yûsuf al-Ansârī,[1] Abū'l-Qāsim (خلف بن عبد الملك بن مسعود بن موسى بن بشكوال بن يوسف, أبو القاسم) (var. Ḫalaf b.'Abd al- Malik b. Mas'ūd b. Mūsā b. Baškuwāl, Abū'l-Qāsim; September 1101 in Córdoba – 5 January 1183 in Sarrión), was an influential Andalusiantraditionist and biographer working in Córdoba and Seville.
Chalaf ibn'Abd al-Malik ibn Mas'udd ibn Mūsā ibn Bashkuwāl, Abūl-Qāsim (خلف بن عبد الملك بن مسعود بن موسى بن بشكوال, أبو القاسم), and Ḫalaf b.'Abd al- Malik b. Mas'ūd b. Mūsā b. Baškuwāl, Abū'l-Qāsim
His ancestry was Arab and was a descendant of al-Ansar[1]- he was known as Ibn Bashkuwāl ("son of Pasqual") in the Valencia region. His first teacher was his father (d.1139), to whom he dedicates a section in his biographical work. He studied with the most famous scholars of his time: Ibn al-'Arabī al-Ma'āfirī and the lawyer Abūl-Walīd ibn Ruschd (died 1126), the grandfather of the philosopher Averroës. In his hometown he worked as a consulting lawyer (faqīh mušāwar)[2] and for a short time as deputy Qādī in Seville under Ibn al-'Arabī. It appears he never travelled to the East and his scholarship derived from the Andalusian-Islamic tradition. His biographer Ibn Abbār (d. Jan 1260)[3] mentions 41 scholars in Córdoba and Seville, with whom he studied.[4] His library held works by authors from the Islamic East; of which is the K. as-Siyar from Abū Ishāq al-Fazārī, on whose title page he is documented as the owner of the work.[5]
He died in January 1183 and was buried in the cemetery known then as Ibn 'Abbās Scholars’ Cemetery in Córdoba[6]
Worksedit
Ibn Bashkuwāl's biographers attribute him authorship of twenty-six known books, treatises and monographs of biographical content,[7] and list his teachers and the texts he studied.[8] Among his few surviving works are:
Aṣ-ṣila fī ta'rīḫ a'immat al-Andalus (الصلة في تاريخ أئمة الأندلس), ‘Continuation of the scholarly history of al-Andalus’; continuation of Ibn al-Faraḍī's (d. 1013) famous biographical dictionary of Islamic Spain's scholars,[9] which contains 1541[10] biographies of 11th and 12th century Andalusian scholars. In a dedicated chapter (faṣl) he presents the life of the so-called "strangers" (al-ghurabā), who came to al-Andalus from the Orient and Ifrīqiya.[11]
Ibn al-Abbār (1199-1260) from Valencia[3] wrote the supplement (Takmilat K. as-ṣila) and filled some gaps found in the original work. In the first volume he wrote a detailed biography of Ibn Baškuwāl.[12]
Another supplement and continuation of Ibn Baškuwāl's work was written by Ibn az-Zubair al-Gharnāṭī (1230, Jaén (Jayyān) – 1309, Granada (Gharnāṭa))[13] entitled ilat aṣ-ṣila ('The continuation of the ṣila') or: 'The story of the scholars of al-Andalus, in which he (the author) of the Kitāb aṣ-ṣila continued by Ibn Baškuwāl'.[14] This book deals with the Andalusian scholars of the 12th and 13th centuries. A fragment of the work was published by the French orientalist Évariste Lévi-Provençal in 1937 (Rabat). Three further volumes with corrections and additions to the first edition were published in 1993 (Rabat).[15]
Kitāb ġawāmiḍ al-asmā' al-mubhama al-wāqi'a fī-'l-aḥādīṯ al-musnada (كتاب غوامض الأسماء المبهمة الواقعة في الأحاديث المسندة), ‘Secrets of indistinct names found in Hadiths with complete Isnads’; two-volume biographical compilation and explanation of personal names, names of ancestry contradictorily, or incorrectly, reported in the literature.[16]
Kitāb al-mustaġīṯīn bi-lāhāhi (كتاب المستغيثين بالله), ‘Book of the beseechers of God’; collected hadith with complete isnād traditions containing the Holy Du'ā ' intercessions.[19] In this work Ibn Bashkuwāl cites the titles and authors of thirteen source works.[20] At the beginning of this collection for example, the intercession of the Prophet Muḥammad in the Battle of Badr is linked to the Qur’ān verse:
When you called your Lord for help! Then he heard you (and frowned): I will assist you with a thousand angels...
The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill. Leiden. Vol. 3, p. 733
Manuela Marín (ed.): Ibn Baškuwāl (m 578/1183): Kitāb al-mustagīṯīn bi-llāh. (En busca del socorro divino). Fuentes Arábico-Hispanas. 8th Madrid 1991.
Carl Brockelmann: History of Arabic Literature. 2nd Edition. Brill, Leiden 1943. Vol.1, p. 415
Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic Literature. Vol.1. Brill, Leiden 1967.
Qāsim'Alī Sa'd: Muḥaddiṯ al-Andalus al-Ḥāfiẓ al-mu'arriḫ Abū'l-Qāsim b. Baškuwāl. Šaḫṣiyyatu-hu wa-mu'allafātu-hu. ('The Hadith scholar of al-Andalus, the historian Abū'l-Qāsim b Baškuwāl, his personality and his works'). In: Maǧallat Ǧāmi'at Umm al-Qurā li-'ulūm aš-šarī'a wa -'l-luġa al-'arabiyya wa-dābi-hā. Vol.18, n.28 (Mecca, 2003), p. 222-288 (in Arabic)
Referencesedit
^ abIbn Khallikan (1843). Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Volume 1. Leadenhall Street, London: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain & Ireland. pp. 491–492.
^For the meaning: Reinhart Dozy: Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes. Brill. Leiden 1867. Vol. 1, p. 801; on the function: Christian Müller: Court practice in the city-state of Córdoba. The right of society in a Malay-Islamic legal tradition of the 5th/11th century. Brill. Leiden. 1999. pp. 151-154.
^ abThe Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition. Brill, Leiden. Vol.3, p.673
^Miklos Muranyi: The Kitāb al-Siyar of Abū Isḥāq al-Siyar Fazārī. The manuscript of the Qarawiyyin Library at Fez. In: Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam. 6 (1985), p. 67; Fig. II and V.
^Torrés Balbás: Cementerios hispanomusulmanes. In al-Andalus 22 (1957), p. 165.
^Heinrich Schützinger: The Kitāb al-Mu'ǧam of Abū Bakr al-Ismā'īlī. (Treatises for the News of the East, Vol. XLIII, 3. Wiesbaden 1978), pp. 25, No. 31.
^The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill, Leiden. Vol. 3, p. 762
^1541 is the total of entries in the series Al-maktaba al-andalusiyya , 6. In two vols., Cairo 1966.
^Edited by F. Codera. Madrid 1882-1883 in two volumes
^Edited by F. Codera. Madrid 1888-1889 in two volumes. The beginning of the work up to the letter jīm appeared in Algiers in 1920
^The Encyclopedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill, Leiden. Vol.3, p.976
^The statement in The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill, Leiden. Vol.3, p.673, where the continuation of Takmila by Ibn al-Abbār is wrong.
^Edited by 'Abd as-Salām al-Harrās and Sa'īd A'rāb. Publications of the Ministry of Waqf and Religious Affairs.
bashkuwal, bashkuwāl, khalaf, malik, musa, bashkuwāl, yûsuf, ansârī, abū, qāsim, خلف, بن, عبد, الملك, بن, مسعود, بن, موسى, بن, بشكوال, بن, يوسف, أبو, القاسم, Ḫalaf, malik, mūsā, baškuwāl, abū, qāsim, september, 1101, córdoba, january, 1183, sarrión, influentia. Ibn Bashkuwal Khalaf ibn Abd al Malik ibn Mas ud ibn Musa ibn Bashkuwal ibn Yusuf al Ansari 1 Abu l Qasim خلف بن عبد الملك بن مسعود بن موسى بن بشكوال بن يوسف أبو القاسم var Ḫalaf b Abd al Malik b Mas ud b Musa b Baskuwal Abu l Qasim September 1101 in Cordoba 5 January 1183 in Sarrion was an influential Andalusian traditionist and biographer working in Cordoba and Seville Ibn BashkuwalBorn 1101 09 00 September 1101CordobaDied 1183 01 05 January 5 1183SarrionOther namesChalaf ibn Abd al Malik ibn Mas udd ibn Musa ibn Bashkuwal Abul Qasim خلف بن عبد الملك بن مسعود بن موسى بن بشكوال أبو القاسم and Ḫalaf b Abd al Malik b Mas ud b Musa b Baskuwal Abu l QasimOccupation s biographer historian encyclopedist Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 Literature 4 ReferencesLife editHis ancestry was Arab and was a descendant of al Ansar 1 he was known as Ibn Bashkuwal son of Pasqual in the Valencia region His first teacher was his father d 1139 to whom he dedicates a section in his biographical work He studied with the most famous scholars of his time Ibn al Arabi al Ma afiri and the lawyer Abul Walid ibn Ruschd died 1126 the grandfather of the philosopher Averroes In his hometown he worked as a consulting lawyer faqih musawar 2 and for a short time as deputy Qadi in Seville under Ibn al Arabi It appears he never travelled to the East and his scholarship derived from the Andalusian Islamic tradition His biographer Ibn Abbar d Jan 1260 3 mentions 41 scholars in Cordoba and Seville with whom he studied 4 His library held works by authors from the Islamic East of which is the K as Siyar from Abu Ishaq al Fazari on whose title page he is documented as the owner of the work 5 He died in January 1183 and was buried in the cemetery known then as Ibn Abbas Scholars Cemetery in Cordoba 6 Works editIbn Bashkuwal s biographers attribute him authorship of twenty six known books treatises and monographs of biographical content 7 and list his teachers and the texts he studied 8 Among his few surviving works are Aṣ ṣila fi ta riḫ a immat al Andalus الصلة في تاريخ أئمة الأندلس Continuation of the scholarly history of al Andalus continuation of Ibn al Faraḍi s d 1013 famous biographical dictionary of Islamic Spain s scholars 9 which contains 1541 10 biographies of 11th and 12th century Andalusian scholars In a dedicated chapter faṣl he presents the life of the so called strangers al ghuraba who came to al Andalus from the Orient and Ifriqiya 11 Ibn al Abbar 1199 1260 from Valencia 3 wrote the supplement Takmilat K as ṣila and filled some gaps found in the original work In the first volume he wrote a detailed biography of Ibn Baskuwal 12 Another supplement and continuation of Ibn Baskuwal s work was written by Ibn az Zubair al Gharnaṭi 1230 Jaen Jayyan 1309 Granada Gharnaṭa 13 entitled ilat aṣ ṣila The continuation of the ṣila or The story of the scholars of al Andalus in which he the author of the Kitab aṣ ṣila continued by Ibn Baskuwal 14 This book deals with the Andalusian scholars of the 12th and 13th centuries A fragment of the work was published by the French orientalist Evariste Levi Provencal in 1937 Rabat Three further volumes with corrections and additions to the first edition were published in 1993 Rabat 15 Kitab ġawamiḍ al asma al mubhama al waqi a fi l aḥadiṯ al musnada كتاب غوامض الأسماء المبهمة الواقعة في الأحاديث المسندة Secrets of indistinct names found in Hadiths with complete Isnads two volume biographical compilation and explanation of personal names names of ancestry contradictorily or incorrectly reported in the literature 16 Shuyuḥ Abd Allah ibn Wahb al Qurashi شيوخ عبد الله بن وهب القرشي Teachers of Abd Allah ibn Wahb al Qurashi biographical dictionary of teachers of the Egyptian scholar Abdallah ibn Wahb 17 with rich information about its importance as a primary source of Ibn Wahb Contains an appended biography of Ibn Wahb 18 Kitab al mustaġiṯin bi lahahi كتاب المستغيثين بالله Book of the beseechers of God collected hadith with complete isnad traditions containing the Holy Du a intercessions 19 In this work Ibn Bashkuwal cites the titles and authors of thirteen source works 20 At the beginning of this collection for example the intercession of the Prophet Muḥammad in the Battle of Badr is linked to the Qur an verse When you called your Lord for help Then he heard you and frowned I will assist you with a thousand angels Quran 8 9 translation Rudi ParetLiterature editThe Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Brill Leiden Vol 3 p 733 Manuela Marin ed Ibn Baskuwal m 578 1183 Kitab al mustagiṯin bi llah En busca del socorro divino Fuentes Arabico Hispanas 8th Madrid 1991 Carl Brockelmann History of Arabic Literature 2nd Edition Brill Leiden 1943 Vol 1 p 415 Fuat Sezgin History of Arabic Literature Vol 1 Brill Leiden 1967 Qasim Ali Sa d Muḥaddiṯ al Andalus al Ḥafiẓ al mu arriḫ Abu l Qasim b Baskuwal Saḫṣiyyatu hu wa mu allafatu hu The Hadith scholar of al Andalus the historian Abu l Qasim b Baskuwal his personality and his works In Maǧallat Ǧami at Umm al Qura li ulum as sari a wa l luġa al arabiyya wa dabi ha Vol 18 n 28 Mecca 2003 p 222 288 in Arabic References edit a b Ibn Khallikan 1843 Ibn Khallikan s Biographical Dictionary Volume 1 Leadenhall Street London Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain amp Ireland pp 491 492 For the meaning Reinhart Dozy Supplement aux dictionnaires arabes Brill Leiden 1867 Vol 1 p 801 on the function Christian Muller Court practice in the city state of Cordoba The right of society in a Malay Islamic legal tradition of the 5th 11th century Brill Leiden 1999 pp 151 154 a b The Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Brill Leiden Vol 3 p 673 Manuela Marin 1991 pp 17 20 Miklos Muranyi The Kitab al Siyar of Abu Isḥaq al Siyar Fazari The manuscript of the Qarawiyyin Library at Fez In Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 6 1985 p 67 Fig II and V Torres Balbas Cementerios hispanomusulmanes In al Andalus 22 1957 p 165 Manuela Marin 1991 pp 23 25 Heinrich Schutzinger The Kitab al Mu ǧam of Abu Bakr al Isma ili Treatises for the News of the East Vol XLIII 3 Wiesbaden 1978 pp 25 No 31 The Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Brill Leiden Vol 3 p 762 1541 is the total of entries in the series Al maktaba al andalusiyya 6 In two vols Cairo 1966 Edited by F Codera Madrid 1882 1883 in two volumes Edited by F Codera Madrid 1888 1889 in two volumes The beginning of the work up to the letter jim appeared in Algiers in 1920 The Encyclopedia of Islam New Edition Brill Leiden Vol 3 p 976 The statement in The Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Brill Leiden Vol 3 p 673 where the continuation of Takmila by Ibn al Abbar is wrong Edited by Abd as Salam al Harras and Sa id A rab Publications of the Ministry of Waqf and Religious Affairs Beirut 1987 See Fuat Sezgin 1967 p 466 n 4 The note ibn private possession of Ibr al Kattani in Rabaṭ should be deleted Edited by Amir Ḥasan Ṣabri Beirut 2007 Published and translated into Spanish by Manuela Marin 1991 Manuela Marin 1991 pp 29 33 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