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Preferred IUPAC name

November 17, 2023

In chemical nomenclature, a preferred IUPAC name (PIN) is a unique name, assigned to a chemical substance and preferred among the possible names generated by IUPAC nomenclature. The "preferred IUPAC nomenclature" provides a set of rules for choosing between multiple possibilities in situations where it is important to decide on a unique name. It is intended for use in legal and regulatory situations.[1]

Preferred IUPAC names are applicable only for organic compounds, to which the IUPAC has the definition as compounds which contain at least a single carbon atom but no alkali, alkaline earth or transition metals and can be named by the nomenclature of organic compounds[2] (see below). Rules for the remaining organic and inorganic compounds are still under development.[3] The concept of PINs is defined in the introductory chapter (freely accessible) and chapter 5 of the "Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013",[4] which replace two former publications: the "Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry", 1979 (the Blue Book) and "A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, Recommendations 1993". The full draft version of the PIN recommendations ("Preferred names in the nomenclature of organic compounds", Draft of 7 October 2004) is also available.[5][6]

Definitions edit

Further information: IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry and IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry

A preferred IUPAC name or PIN is a name that is preferred among two or more IUPAC names. An IUPAC name is a systematic name that meets the recommended IUPAC rules. IUPAC names include retained names. A general IUPAC name is any IUPAC name that is not a "preferred IUPAC name". A retained name is a traditional or otherwise often used name, usually a trivial name, that may be used in IUPAC nomenclature.[7]

Since systematic names often are not human-readable a PIN may be a retained name. Both "PINs" and "retained names" have to be chosen (and established by IUPAC) explicitly, unlike other IUPAC names, which automatically arise from IUPAC nomenclatural rules. Thus, the PIN is sometimes the retained name (e.g., phenol and acetic acid, instead of benzenol and ethanoic acid), while in other cases, the systematic name was chosen over a very common retained name (e.g., propan-2-one, instead of acetone).

A preselected name is a preferred name chosen among two or more names for parent hydrides or other parent structures that do not contain carbon (inorganic parents). "Preselected names" are used in the nomenclature of organic compounds as the basis for PINs for organic derivatives. They are needed for derivatives of organic compounds that do not contain carbon themselves.[7] A preselected name is not necessarily a PIN in inorganic chemical nomenclature.

Basic principles edit

The systems of chemical nomenclature developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) have traditionally concentrated on ensuring that chemical names are unambiguous, that is that a name can only refer to one substance. However, a single substance can have more than one acceptable name, like toluene, which may also be correctly named as "methylbenzene" or "phenylmethane". Some alternative names remain available as "retained names" for more general contexts. For example, tetrahydrofuran remains an unambiguous and acceptable name for the common organic solvent, even if the preferred IUPAC name is "oxolane".[8]

The nomenclature goes:[9]

  • Preselected names are to be used.
  • Substitutive nomenclature (replacement of hydrogen atoms in the parent structure) is used most extensively, for example "ethoxyethane" instead of diethyl ether and "tetrachloromethane" instead of carbon tetrachloride.
  • Functional class naming (also known as radicofunctional nomenclature) is preferred next. In the case of acid anhydrides, esters, acyl halides and pseudohalides and salts, this method takes precedence over substitution.
  • Skeletal replacement ('a', named for the suffix), if it both applies and a heteroatom is found in a chain, is preferred over substitution. If it applies but no heteroatom is found in a chain, it is preferred over multiplicative nomenclature. Example: 3-phospha-2,5,7-trisilaoctane refers to CH3-SiH2-PH-CH2-SiH2-CH2-SiH2-CH3.
    • Skeletal replacement mainly replaces carbon with other atoms, or in the case of phane nomenclature, whole "superatom" rings. It also includes more complex replacements, such as the lambda convention.
  • Multiplicative nomenclature is to be preferred over simple substitutive if it can be used. This is the nomenclature with an apostrophe after numbers such as 4'; it allows multiple occurrences of the principal characteristic group or compound class to be treated together. Example: 4,4′-sulfanediyldibenzoic acid refers to (COOH-C6H4)2S.

The following are available, but not given special preference:[10]

  • Conjunctive nomenclature is available, but substitutive, multiplicative, or skeletal should be preferred. Example: benzene-1,3,5-triacetic acid should instead be named 2,2′,2′′-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)triacetic acid.
  • Additive and subtractive operations remain available as with the general case. For example, one keeps changing "ane" into "ene" for double bonds. Additive operations generally have better names derived from the above rules, such as phenyloxirane for styrene oxide.

Retained IUPAC names edit

The number of retained non-systematic, trivial names of simple organic compounds (for example formic acid and acetic acid) has been reduced considerably for preferred IUPAC names, although a larger set of retained names is available for general nomenclature. The traditional names of simple monosaccharides, α-amino acids and many natural products have been retained as preferred IUPAC names; in these cases the systematic names may be very complicated and virtually never used. The name for water itself is a retained IUPAC name.

Scope of the nomenclature for organic compounds edit

In IUPAC nomenclature, all compounds containing carbon atoms are considered organic compounds. Organic nomenclature only applies to organic compounds containing elements from the Groups 13 through 17. Organometallic compounds of the Groups 1 through 12 are not covered by organic nomenclature.[7][11]

Notes and references edit

  1. ^ Preferred names in the nomenclature of organic compounds, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, retrieved 2017-08-12.
  2. ^ Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
  3. ^ Hartshorn, R. M.; Hellwich, K.-H.; Yerin, A.; Damhus, T.; Hutton, A. T. (2015). "Brief Guide to the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 87 (9–10): 1039–1049. doi:10.1515/pac-2014-0718. hdl:10092/12053. S2CID 100897636. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  4. ^ Favre, Henri A.; Powell, Warren H. (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-1-84973-306-9.
  5. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004 CONTENTS
  6. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004 Complete draft version
  7. ^ a b c IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, par. 10-12, Chapter 1
  8. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, Rule P-53.2.2, Chapter5
  9. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, P-51, Chap P-5
  10. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, P-51, Chap P-5
  11. ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, P-69.0 Organometallic compounds

Further reading edit

  • Wisniewski, Janusz Leon (5 May 2008). "Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation: Algorithmic Generation and Conversion". Handbook of Chemoinformatics. pp. 51–79. doi:10.1002/9783527618279.ch4. – background on why a preferred name is needed (multiple dialects of "systematic" such as CAS and Beilstein)

November 17, 2023
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In chemical nomenclature a preferred IUPAC name PIN is a unique name assigned to a chemical substance and preferred among the possible names generated by IUPAC nomenclature The preferred IUPAC nomenclature provides a set of rules for choosing between multiple possibilities in situations where it is important to decide on a unique name It is intended for use in legal and regulatory situations 1 Preferred IUPAC names are applicable only for organic compounds to which the IUPAC has the definition as compounds which contain at least a single carbon atom but no alkali alkaline earth or transition metals and can be named by the nomenclature of organic compounds 2 see below Rules for the remaining organic and inorganic compounds are still under development 3 The concept of PINs is defined in the introductory chapter freely accessible and chapter 5 of the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 4 which replace two former publications the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry 1979 the Blue Book and A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Recommendations 1993 The full draft version of the PIN recommendations Preferred names in the nomenclature of organic compounds Draft of 7 October 2004 is also available 5 6 Contents 1 Definitions 2 Basic principles 3 Retained IUPAC names 4 Scope of the nomenclature for organic compounds 5 Notes and references 6 Further readingDefinitions editFurther information IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry and IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry A preferred IUPAC name or PIN is a name that is preferred among two or more IUPAC names An IUPAC name is a systematic name that meets the recommended IUPAC rules IUPAC names include retained names A general IUPAC name is any IUPAC name that is not a preferred IUPAC name A retained name is a traditional or otherwise often used name usually a trivial name that may be used in IUPAC nomenclature 7 Since systematic names often are not human readable a PIN may be a retained name Both PINs and retained names have to be chosen and established by IUPAC explicitly unlike other IUPAC names which automatically arise from IUPAC nomenclatural rules Thus the PIN is sometimes the retained name e g phenol and acetic acid instead of benzenol and ethanoic acid while in other cases the systematic name was chosen over a very common retained name e g propan 2 one instead of acetone A preselected name is a preferred name chosen among two or more names for parent hydrides or other parent structures that do not contain carbon inorganic parents Preselected names are used in the nomenclature of organic compounds as the basis for PINs for organic derivatives They are needed for derivatives of organic compounds that do not contain carbon themselves 7 A preselected name is not necessarily a PIN in inorganic chemical nomenclature Basic principles editThe systems of chemical nomenclature developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry IUPAC have traditionally concentrated on ensuring that chemical names are unambiguous that is that a name can only refer to one substance However a single substance can have more than one acceptable name like toluene which may also be correctly named as methylbenzene or phenylmethane Some alternative names remain available as retained names for more general contexts For example tetrahydrofuran remains an unambiguous and acceptable name for the common organic solvent even if the preferred IUPAC name is oxolane 8 The nomenclature goes 9 Preselected names are to be used Substitutive nomenclature replacement of hydrogen atoms in the parent structure is used most extensively for example ethoxyethane instead of diethyl ether and tetrachloromethane instead of carbon tetrachloride Functional class naming also known as radicofunctional nomenclature is preferred next In the case of acid anhydrides esters acyl halides and pseudohalides and salts this method takes precedence over substitution Skeletal replacement a named for the suffix if it both applies and a heteroatom is found in a chain is preferred over substitution If it applies but no heteroatom is found in a chain it is preferred over multiplicative nomenclature Example 3 phospha 2 5 7 trisilaoctane refers to CH3 SiH2 PH CH2 SiH2 CH2 SiH2 CH3 Skeletal replacement mainly replaces carbon with other atoms or in the case of phane nomenclature whole superatom rings It also includes more complex replacements such as the lambda convention Multiplicative nomenclature is to be preferred over simple substitutive if it can be used This is the nomenclature with an apostrophe after numbers such as 4 it allows multiple occurrences of the principal characteristic group or compound class to be treated together Example 4 4 sulfanediyldibenzoic acid refers to COOH C6H4 2S The following are available but not given special preference 10 Conjunctive nomenclature is available but substitutive multiplicative or skeletal should be preferred Example benzene 1 3 5 triacetic acid should instead be named 2 2 2 benzene 1 3 5 triyl triacetic acid Additive and subtractive operations remain available as with the general case For example one keeps changing ane into ene for double bonds Additive operations generally have better names derived from the above rules such as phenyloxirane for styrene oxide Retained IUPAC names editThe number of retained non systematic trivial names of simple organic compounds for example formic acid and acetic acid has been reduced considerably for preferred IUPAC names although a larger set of retained names is available for general nomenclature The traditional names of simple monosaccharides a amino acids and many natural products have been retained as preferred IUPAC names in these cases the systematic names may be very complicated and virtually never used The name for water itself is a retained IUPAC name Scope of the nomenclature for organic compounds editIn IUPAC nomenclature all compounds containing carbon atoms are considered organic compounds Organic nomenclature only applies to organic compounds containing elements from the Groups 13 through 17 Organometallic compounds of the Groups 1 through 12 are not covered by organic nomenclature 7 11 Notes and references edit Preferred names in the nomenclature of organic compounds International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry retrieved 2017 08 12 Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 Blue Book Cambridge The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 doi 10 1039 9781849733069 FP001 ISBN 978 0 85404 182 4 Hartshorn R M Hellwich K H Yerin A Damhus T Hutton A T 2015 Brief Guide to the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry PDF Pure and Applied Chemistry 87 9 10 1039 1049 doi 10 1515 pac 2014 0718 hdl 10092 12053 S2CID 100897636 Retrieved 20 February 2019 Favre Henri A Powell Warren H 2014 Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry doi 10 1039 9781849733069 ISBN 978 1 84973 306 9 IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004 CONTENTS IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004 Complete draft version a b c IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004 par 10 12 Chapter 1 IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004 Rule P 53 2 2 Chapter5 IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004 P 51 Chap P 5 IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004 P 51 Chap P 5 IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004 P 69 0 Organometallic compoundsFurther reading editWisniewski Janusz Leon 5 May 2008 Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation Algorithmic Generation and Conversion Handbook of Chemoinformatics pp 51 79 doi 10 1002 9783527618279 ch4 background on why a preferred name is needed multiple dialects of systematic such as CAS and Beilstein Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Preferred IUPAC name amp oldid 1176836541, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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