The name IJ is derived from the West Frisian word ie, alternatively spelled ije, meaning water and cognate with the English word ea.[1] The name consists of the digraphij which is capitalized as IJ.
Geographyedit
Satellite photo of the IJ, 2020Oranjesluizen in 2007
Today, the IJ is divided into two parts:
To the west of the Oranjesluizen (Oranje Locks), the Binnen-IJ (inner IJ), or Afgesloten-IJ (closed IJ), is directly connected to the North Sea Canal, where the port of IJmuiden and the North Sea can be reached.
To the east of the Oranjesluizen, the Buiten-IJ (outer IJ) is an extension of the IJmeer which is itself an extension of the Markermeer.
The IJ is connected to the North Sea to the west and the IJmeer to the east by a set of locks.
Historyedit
Map of 1681 showing the extent of the IJ Bay (on the right) prior to reclamation. Note the map is oriented with west at the top.The IJ on the painting The Return to Amsterdam of the Second Expedition to the East Indies (1599) by Hendrick Cornelisz VroomParade of ships on the IJ during SAIL Amsterdam in 2015
There are several theories about the origins of the IJ. Perhaps it began as a stream, following a breakthrough in the dunes of Castricum. More likely, the IJ is a remnant of a northern arm of the Rhine delta. Finally, the IJ could also come from the lake Almere or Flevo. During the Roman period the IJ connected on one side with lake Flevo and the Vecht (Utrecht) and the other with the North Sea. Connection with the North Sea has subsequently disappeared, while the IJ in the Middle Ages has expanded. This is due to the emergence of the Zuiderzee, itself a bay of the North Sea resulting from a number of storms.
At the end of the Middle Ages, the IJ was a long and narrow brackish bay that connected to the Zuiderzee and stretched from Amsterdam in the east to Velsen in the west. At its west end, only the natural dune ridge across the Dutch North Sea coast prevented the IJ, which grew ever larger through the centuries, from directly connecting to the North Sea and so making the North Holland peninsula nearly an island. By the seventeenth century, however, access to the IJ became difficult due to sand bars across its mouth, and ships becoming bigger, and it was nearly impossible for seafaring vessels to reach the city of Amsterdam. At the same time, the bay gnawed away at the surrounding farmlands, almost connecting with the Haarlemmermeer (Lake Haarlem) and seriously threatening the cities of Haarlem and Amsterdam.
Plans were put forth to reclaim both the Haarlemmermeer and the IJ and turn them into polders. The Haarlemmermeer was first, falling dry in 1852, and the largest part of the IJ followed suit between 1865 and 1876, with only a small lake remaining at Amsterdam that was closed off from the Zuiderzee by the Oranje locks. At the same time, the North Sea Canal was constructed in the former IJ basin to provide Amsterdam with access to the sea again and revive its ailing port. It cut through the isthmus to connect to the North Sea near the town of Velsen; a new port, IJmuiden ("IJ's mouth") was built at its west end. The east end of the IJ polders near Amsterdam was given over to industry, and a large new seaport area was constructed.
The nautical event SAIL Amsterdam takes place on and around the IJ.
Referencesedit
^M. Philippa, F. Debrabandere, A. Quak, T. Schoonheim & N. van der Sijs, "A - (stromend water, riviertje)" (in Dutch), Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands, 2003–2009. Retrieved on 17 October 2020.
^. 2015-04-02. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2021-10-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^. 2012-11-03. Archived from the original on 2012-11-03. Retrieved 2021-10-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
External linksedit
Media related to IJ at Wikimedia Commons
January 10, 2024
amsterdam, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, amsterdam, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, 2023,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources IJ Amsterdam news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message The IJ Dutch ɛi sometimes shown on old maps as Y or Ye is a body of water formerly a bay in the Dutch province of North Holland It is known for being Amsterdam s waterfront IJThe IJ in 2017IJLocationAmsterdam NetherlandsCoordinates52 22 51 N 4 56 38 E 52 38083 N 4 94389 E 52 38083 4 94389 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Geography 3 History 4 References 5 External linksEtymology editThe name IJ is derived from the West Frisian word ie alternatively spelled ije meaning water and cognate with the English word ea 1 The name consists of the digraph ij which is capitalized as IJ Geography edit nbsp Satellite photo of the IJ 2020 nbsp Oranjesluizen in 2007Today the IJ is divided into two parts To the west of the Oranjesluizen Oranje Locks the Binnen IJ inner IJ or Afgesloten IJ closed IJ is directly connected to the North Sea Canal where the port of IJmuiden and the North Sea can be reached To the east of the Oranjesluizen the Buiten IJ outer IJ is an extension of the IJmeer which is itself an extension of the Markermeer The IJ is connected to the North Sea to the west and the IJmeer to the east by a set of locks History edit nbsp Map of 1681 showing the extent of the IJ Bay on the right prior to reclamation Note the map is oriented with west at the top nbsp The IJ on the painting The Return to Amsterdam of the Second Expedition to the East Indies 1599 by Hendrick Cornelisz Vroom nbsp Parade of ships on the IJ during SAIL Amsterdam in 2015There are several theories about the origins of the IJ Perhaps it began as a stream following a breakthrough in the dunes of Castricum More likely the IJ is a remnant of a northern arm of the Rhine delta Finally the IJ could also come from the lake Almere or Flevo During the Roman period the IJ connected on one side with lake Flevo and the Vecht Utrecht and the other with the North Sea Connection with the North Sea has subsequently disappeared while the IJ in the Middle Ages has expanded This is due to the emergence of the Zuiderzee itself a bay of the North Sea resulting from a number of storms At the end of the Middle Ages the IJ was a long and narrow brackish bay that connected to the Zuiderzee and stretched from Amsterdam in the east to Velsen in the west At its west end only the natural dune ridge across the Dutch North Sea coast prevented the IJ which grew ever larger through the centuries from directly connecting to the North Sea and so making the North Holland peninsula nearly an island By the seventeenth century however access to the IJ became difficult due to sand bars across its mouth and ships becoming bigger and it was nearly impossible for seafaring vessels to reach the city of Amsterdam At the same time the bay gnawed away at the surrounding farmlands almost connecting with the Haarlemmermeer Lake Haarlem and seriously threatening the cities of Haarlem and Amsterdam Plans were put forth to reclaim both the Haarlemmermeer and the IJ and turn them into polders The Haarlemmermeer was first falling dry in 1852 and the largest part of the IJ followed suit between 1865 and 1876 with only a small lake remaining at Amsterdam that was closed off from the Zuiderzee by the Oranje locks At the same time the North Sea Canal was constructed in the former IJ basin to provide Amsterdam with access to the sea again and revive its ailing port It cut through the isthmus to connect to the North Sea near the town of Velsen a new port IJmuiden IJ s mouth was built at its west end The east end of the IJ polders near Amsterdam was given over to industry and a large new seaport area was constructed The Buiten IJ hosted the mixed dinghy sailing events for the 1928 Summer Olympics in neighboring Amsterdam 2 3 It also hosted two events for the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp 4 The nautical event SAIL Amsterdam takes place on and around the IJ References edit M Philippa F Debrabandere A Quak T Schoonheim amp N van der Sijs A stromend water riviertje in Dutch Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands 2003 2009 Retrieved on 17 October 2020 1928 Summer Olympics official report featuring map of the Buiten IJ pp 271 2 274 Sailing at the 1928 Amsterdam Summer Games Mixed One Person Dinghy Olympics at Sports Reference com 2015 04 02 Archived from the original on 2015 04 02 Retrieved 2021 10 02 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Sailing at the 1920 Antwerpen Summer Games Mixed 12 foot Olympics at Sports Reference com 2012 11 03 Archived from the original on 2012 11 03 Retrieved 2021 10 02 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link External links edit nbsp Media related to IJ at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title IJ Amsterdam amp oldid 1177929522, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
