Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere for academic research, commercial gain or operational forecasting purposes.
Watercycle-french.jpg
Whilst traditionally meteorologists and hydrologists sit within separate organisations, hydrometeorlogists may work in joint project teams, virtual teams, deal with specific incidents or be permanently co-located to deliver specific objectives. Hydrometeorlogists typically have a foundation in one or other discipline before undertaking additional training and specialist forecaster training depending on requirements. The cross over skills and knowledge between the two disciplines can bring organisational benefits in terms of efficiencies in terms of using tools and data available, and provide benefits in terms of enhanced lead times ahead of hydrometeological hazards occurring.
UNESCO has several programs and activities in place that deal with the study of natural hazards of hydrometeorological origin and the mitigation of their effects.[1] Among these hazards are the results of natural processes and atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic phenomena such as floods, tropical cyclones, drought, and desertification. Many countries have established an operational hydrometeorological capability to assist with forecasting, warning, and informing the public of these developing hazards.
One of the more significant aspects of hydrometeorology involves predictions about and attempts to mitigate the effects of high precipitation events.[2] There are three primary ways to model meteorological phenomena in weather forecasting, including nowcasting, numerical weather prediction, and statistical techniques.[3] Nowcasting is good for predicting events a few hours out, utilizing observations and live radar data to combine them with numerical weather prediction models.[3] The primary technique used to forecast weather, numerical weather prediction uses mathematical models to account for the atmosphere, ocean, and many other variables when producing forecasts.[3] These forecasts are generally used to predict events days or weeks out.[3] Finally, statistical techniques use regressions and other statistical methods to create long-term projections that go out weeks and months at a time.[3] These models allow scientists to visualize how a multitude of different variables interact with one another, and they illustrate one grand picture of how the Earth's climate interacts with itself.[4]
Risk assessmentedit
A major component of hydrometeorology is mitigating the risk associated with flooding and other hydrological threats. First, there has to be knowledge of the possible hydrological threats that are expected within a specific region.[3] After analyzing the possible threats, warning systems are put in place to quickly alert people and communicate to them the identity and magnitude of the threat.[3] Many nations have their own specific regional hydrometeorological centers that communicate threats to the public. Finally, there must be proper response protocols in place to protect the public during a dangerous event.[3]
United States (Hydrometeorological Prediction Center, known as the Weather Prediction Center since 2013)
Referencesedit
^"Hydro-meteorological hazards | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". Unesco.org. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
^Dale, Murray; Davies, Paul; Harrison, Tim (2012). "Review of recent advances in UK operational hydrometeorology". Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management. 165 (2): 55–64. Bibcode:2012ICEWM.165...55D. doi:10.1680/wama.2012.165.2.55.
^ abcdefghSene, Kevin (2015). Hydrometeorology: Forecasting and Applications. Springer International Publishing Switzerland. p. 1. ISBN978-3-319-23546-2.
^Betts, Alan (2004). "Understanding Hydrometeorology Using Global Models". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 85 (11): 1673–1688. Bibcode:2004BAMS...85.1673B. doi:10.1175/BAMS-85-11-1673.
^"Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais (Cemaden)". labhidro-IGEO-UFRJ. Retrieved 2017-06-29.
^"Republic Hydrometeorological service of Serbia Kneza Višeslava 66 Beograd". Hidmet.gov.rs. 2014-05-18. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
External linksedit
World Meteorological Organization – List of national hydrological and hydrometeorological services
January 01, 1970
hydrometeorology, branch, meteorology, hydrology, that, studies, transfer, water, energy, between, land, surface, lower, atmosphere, academic, research, commercial, gain, operational, forecasting, purposes, watercycle, french, whilst, traditionally, meteorolog. Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere for academic research commercial gain or operational forecasting purposes Watercycle french jpg Whilst traditionally meteorologists and hydrologists sit within separate organisations hydrometeorlogists may work in joint project teams virtual teams deal with specific incidents or be permanently co located to deliver specific objectives Hydrometeorlogists typically have a foundation in one or other discipline before undertaking additional training and specialist forecaster training depending on requirements The cross over skills and knowledge between the two disciplines can bring organisational benefits in terms of efficiencies in terms of using tools and data available and provide benefits in terms of enhanced lead times ahead of hydrometeological hazards occurring UNESCO has several programs and activities in place that deal with the study of natural hazards of hydrometeorological origin and the mitigation of their effects 1 Among these hazards are the results of natural processes and atmospheric hydrological or oceanographic phenomena such as floods tropical cyclones drought and desertification Many countries have established an operational hydrometeorological capability to assist with forecasting warning and informing the public of these developing hazards Contents 1 Hydrometeorological forecasting 2 Risk assessment 3 Operational hydrometeorology in practice 4 References 5 External linksHydrometeorological forecasting editOne of the more significant aspects of hydrometeorology involves predictions about and attempts to mitigate the effects of high precipitation events 2 There are three primary ways to model meteorological phenomena in weather forecasting including nowcasting numerical weather prediction and statistical techniques 3 Nowcasting is good for predicting events a few hours out utilizing observations and live radar data to combine them with numerical weather prediction models 3 The primary technique used to forecast weather numerical weather prediction uses mathematical models to account for the atmosphere ocean and many other variables when producing forecasts 3 These forecasts are generally used to predict events days or weeks out 3 Finally statistical techniques use regressions and other statistical methods to create long term projections that go out weeks and months at a time 3 These models allow scientists to visualize how a multitude of different variables interact with one another and they illustrate one grand picture of how the Earth s climate interacts with itself 4 Risk assessment editA major component of hydrometeorology is mitigating the risk associated with flooding and other hydrological threats First there has to be knowledge of the possible hydrological threats that are expected within a specific region 3 After analyzing the possible threats warning systems are put in place to quickly alert people and communicate to them the identity and magnitude of the threat 3 Many nations have their own specific regional hydrometeorological centers that communicate threats to the public Finally there must be proper response protocols in place to protect the public during a dangerous event 3 Operational hydrometeorology in practice edit nbsp Rainfall forecasts for the 1909 Velasco hurricane produced by the US Hydrometeorological Prediction Center now the Weather Prediction Center Countries with a current operational hydrometeorological service include among others Australia Bureau of Meteorology Brazil National Center for Natural Disaster Monitoring and Alerts 5 Canada Environment Canada England and Wales Flood Forecasting Centre 6 France 7 Germany 8 India 9 Scotland Flood Forecasting Service 10 Serbia Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia 11 Russia Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia United States Hydrometeorological Prediction Center known as the Weather Prediction Center since 2013 References edit Hydro meteorological hazards United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization Unesco org Retrieved 2016 08 05 Dale Murray Davies Paul Harrison Tim 2012 Review of recent advances in UK operational hydrometeorology Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Water Management 165 2 55 64 Bibcode 2012ICEWM 165 55D doi 10 1680 wama 2012 165 2 55 a b c d e f g h Sene Kevin 2015 Hydrometeorology Forecasting and Applications Springer International Publishing Switzerland p 1 ISBN 978 3 319 23546 2 Betts Alan 2004 Understanding Hydrometeorology Using Global Models Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 85 11 1673 1688 Bibcode 2004BAMS 85 1673B doi 10 1175 BAMS 85 11 1673 Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais Cemaden labhidro IGEO UFRJ Retrieved 2017 06 29 Flood Forecasting Centre Ffc environment agency metoffice gov uk 2011 09 22 Retrieved 2014 05 28 Information nationale Vigicrues Retrieved 2014 05 28 Hydrometeorology and water management Deutscher Wetterdienst Retrieved 2021 11 20 Hydro Meteorology Imd gov in Archived from the original on 2014 06 30 Retrieved 2014 05 28 Flood Forecasting Service Sepa org uk Retrieved 2014 05 28 Republic Hydrometeorological service of Serbia Kneza Viseslava 66 Beograd Hidmet gov rs 2014 05 18 Retrieved 2014 05 28 External links editWorld Meteorological Organization List of national hydrological and hydrometeorological services Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hydrometeorology amp oldid 1221509718, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
