*: (Wi-Fi 0, 1, 2, 3, are unbranded common usage.[3][4])
IEEE 802.11 (legacy mode) – or more correctly IEEE 802.11-1997 or IEEE 802.11-1999 – refer to the original version of the IEEE 802.11wireless networking standard released in 1997 and clarified in 1999. Most of the protocols described by this early version are rarely used today.
The original standard also defines carrier sense 0 access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) as the medium access method. A significant percentage of the available raw channel capacity is sacrificed (via the CSMA/CA mechanisms) in order to improve the reliability of data transmissions under diverse and adverse environmental conditions.
IEEE 802.11-1999 also introduced the binary time unit TU defined as 1024 µs.[5]
At least six different, somewhat-interoperable, commercial products appeared using the original specification, from companies like Alvarion (PRO.11 and BreezeAccess-II), BreezeCom, Digital / Cabletron (RoamAbout), Lucent, Netwave Technologies (AirSurfer Plus and AirSurfer Pro), Symbol Technologies (Spectrum25), and Proxim Wireless (OpenAir and Rangela2). A weakness of this original specification was that it offered so many choices that interoperability was sometimes challenging to realize. It is really more of a "beta-specification" than a rigid specification, initially allowing individual product vendors the flexibility to differentiate their products but with little to no inter-vendor operability.
The DSSS version of legacy 802.11 was rapidly supplemented (and popularized) by the 802.11b amendment in 1999, which increased the bit rate to 11 Mbit/s. Widespread adoption of 802.11 networks only occurred after the release of 802.11b which resulted in multiple interoperable products becoming available from multiple vendors. Consequently, comparatively few networks were implemented on the 802.11-1997 standard.
A1A2IEEE 802.11y-2008 extended operation of 802.11a to the licensed 3.7 GHz band. Increased power limits allow a range up to 5,000 m. As of 2009[update], it is only being licensed in the United States by the FCC.
B1B2B3B4B5B6 Based on short guard interval; standard guard interval is ~10% slower. Rates vary widely based on distance, obstructions, and interference.
F1F2F3F4 For single-user cases only, based on default guard interval which is 0.8 micro seconds. Since multi-user via OFDMA has become available for 802.11ax, these may decrease. Also, these theoretical values depend on the link distance, whether the link is line-of-sight or not, interferences and the multi-path components in the environment.
G1 The default guard interval is 0.8 micro seconds. However, 802.11ax extended the maximum available guard interval to 3.2 micro seconds, in order to support Outdoor communications, where the maximum possible propagation delay is larger compared to Indoor environments.
References
^"MCS table (updated with 80211ax data rates)". semfionetworks.com.
^802.11ac only specifies operation in the 5 GHz band. Operation in the 2.4 GHz band is specified by 802.11n.
^Kastrenakes, Jacob (2018-10-03). "Wi-Fi now has version numbers, and Wi-Fi 6 comes out next year". The Verge. Retrieved 2019-05-02.
^"Wi-Fi Generation Numbering". ElectronicNotes. Retrieved November 10, 2021.
^Maufer, Thomas (2004). A Field Guide to Wireless LANs: For Administrators and Power Users. The Radia Perlman Series in Computer Networking and Security Series. Prentice Hall Professional. p. 144. ISBN9780131014060. 0131014064. Retrieved 2015-10-27.
^"Official IEEE 802.11 working group project timelines". January 26, 2017. Retrieved 2017-02-12.
^"The complete family of wireless LAN standards: 802.11 a, b, g, j, n" (PDF).
^Abdelgader, Abdeldime M.S.; Wu, Lenan (2014). The Physical Layer of the IEEE 802.11p WAVE Communication Standard: The Specifications and Challenges(PDF). World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science.
^ ab"Wi-Fi Capacity Analysis for 802.11ac and 802.11n: Theory & Practice" (PDF).
^Belanger, Phil; Biba, Ken (2007-05-31). . Wi-Fi Planet. Archived from the original on 2008-11-24.
^(PDF). LitePoint. October 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-16.
^"IEEE Standard for Information Technology--Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 3: Enhancements for Very High Throughput to Support Chinese Millimeter Wave Frequency Bands (60 GHz and 45 GHz)". IEEE Std 802.11aj-2018. April 2018. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8345727.
^"802.11ad - WLAN at 60 GHz: A Technology Introduction" (PDF). Rohde & Schwarz GmbH. November 21, 2013. p. 14.
^Sun, Weiping; Choi, Munhwan; Choi, Sunghyun (July 2013). "IEEE 802.11ah: A Long Range 802.11 WLAN at Sub 1 GHz" (PDF). Journal of ICT Standardization. 1 (1): 83–108. doi:10.13052/jicts2245-800X.115.
Further reading
IEEE 802.11 Working Group (1997-11-18). IEEE 802.11-1997: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.1997.85951. ISBN1-55937-935-9.
IEEE 802.11 Working Group (1999-07-15). IEEE 802.11-1999: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2003.95617. ISBN0-7381-1857-5.
January 06, 2023
ieee, legacy, mode, generations, generation, ieeestandard, maximumlinkrate, mbit, adopted, radiofrequency, 11be, 1376, 46120, 2024, 11ax, 9608, 2020, 2019, 11ac, 6933, 2014, 2008, 2003, 1999, 1999, 1997, unbranded, common, usage, more, correctly, ieee, 1997, i. Wi Fi Generations Generation IEEEStandard MaximumLinkrate Mbit s Adopted RadioFrequency GHz Wi Fi 7 802 11be 1376 to 46120 2024 2 4 5 6Wi Fi 6E 802 11ax 574 to 9608 1 2020 2 4 5 6Wi Fi 6 2019 2 4 5Wi Fi 5 802 11ac 433 to 6933 2014 5 2 Wi Fi 4 802 11n 72 to 600 2008 2 4 5 Wi Fi 3 802 11g 6 to 54 2003 2 4 Wi Fi 2 802 11a 6 to 54 1999 5 Wi Fi 1 802 11b 1 to 11 1999 2 4 Wi Fi 0 802 11 1 to 2 1997 2 4 Wi Fi 0 1 2 3 are unbranded common usage 3 4 IEEE 802 11 legacy mode or more correctly IEEE 802 11 1997 or IEEE 802 11 1999 refer to the original version of the IEEE 802 11 wireless networking standard released in 1997 and clarified in 1999 Most of the protocols described by this early version are rarely used today Contents 1 Description 2 Comparison 3 References 4 Further readingDescription EditIt specified two raw data rates of 1 and 2 megabits per second Mbit s to be transmitted via infrared IR signals or by either frequency hopping or direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS in the Industrial Scientific Medical frequency band at 2 4 GHz IR remained a part of the standard until IEEE 802 11 2016 but was never implemented citation needed The original standard also defines carrier sense 0 access with collision avoidance CSMA CA as the medium access method A significant percentage of the available raw channel capacity is sacrificed via the CSMA CA mechanisms in order to improve the reliability of data transmissions under diverse and adverse environmental conditions IEEE 802 11 1999 also introduced the binary time unit TU defined as 1024 µs 5 At least six different somewhat interoperable commercial products appeared using the original specification from companies like Alvarion PRO 11 and BreezeAccess II BreezeCom Digital Cabletron RoamAbout Lucent Netwave Technologies AirSurfer Plus and AirSurfer Pro Symbol Technologies Spectrum25 and Proxim Wireless OpenAir and Rangela2 A weakness of this original specification was that it offered so many choices that interoperability was sometimes challenging to realize It is really more of a beta specification than a rigid specification initially allowing individual product vendors the flexibility to differentiate their products but with little to no inter vendor operability The DSSS version of legacy 802 11 was rapidly supplemented and popularized by the 802 11b amendment in 1999 which increased the bit rate to 11 Mbit s Widespread adoption of 802 11 networks only occurred after the release of 802 11b which resulted in multiple interoperable products becoming available from multiple vendors Consequently comparatively few networks were implemented on the 802 11 1997 standard Comparison Editvte802 11 network standardsFrequencyrange or type PHY Protocol Releasedate 6 Frequency Bandwidth Streamdata rate 7 AllowableMIMO streams Modulation ApproximaterangeIndoor Outdoor GHz MHz Mbit s 1 6 GHz DSSS FHSS 8 802 11 1997 Jun 1997 2 4 22 1 2 DSSS FHSS 20 m 66 ft 100 m 330 ft HR DSSS 8 802 11b Sep 1999 2 4 22 1 2 5 5 11 DSSS 35 m 115 ft 140 m 460 ft OFDM 802 11a Sep 1999 5 5 10 20 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 54 for 20 MHz bandwidth divide by 2 and 4 for 10 and 5 MHz OFDM 35 m 115 ft 120 m 390 ft 802 11j Nov 2004 4 9 5 0 D 9 802 11y Nov 2008 3 7 A 5 000 m 16 000 ft A 802 11p Jul 2010 5 9 250 m 1 000 m 3 300 ft 10 802 11bd Dec 2022 est 5 9 60 500 m 1 000 m 3 300 ft ERP OFDM 802 11g Jun 2003 2 4 38 m 125 ft 140 m 460 ft HT OFDM 11 802 11n Wi Fi 4 Oct 2009 2 4 5 20 Up to 288 8 B 4 MIMO OFDM 64 QAM 70 m 230 ft 250 m 820 ft 12 40 Up to 600 B VHT OFDM 11 802 11ac Wi Fi 5 Dec 2013 5 6 20 Up to 346 8 B 8 DLMU MIMO OFDM 256 QAM 35 m 115 ft 13 40 Up to 800 B 80 Up to 1733 2 B 160 Up to 3466 8 B HE OFDMA 802 11ax Wi Fi 6 Wi Fi 6E May 2021 2 4 5 6 20 Up to 1147 F 8 UL DLMU MIMO OFDMA 1024 QAM 30 m 98 ft 120 m 390 ft G 40 Up to 2294 F 80 Up to 4804 F 80 80 Up to 9608 F EHT OFDMA 802 11be Wi Fi 7 May 2024 est 2 4 5 6 80 Up to 11 5 Gbps F 16 UL DLMU MIMO OFDMA 4096 QAM 30 m 98 ft 120 m 390 ft G 160 80 80 Up to 23 Gbps F 240 160 80 Up to 35 Gbps F 320 160 160 Up to 46 1 Gbps F WUR E 802 11ba Oct 2021 2 4 5 4 20 0 0625 0 25 62 5 Kbps 250 Kbps OOK Multi carrier OOK mmWave DMG 14 802 11ad Dec 2012 60 2160 2 16 GHz Up to 6757 15 6 7 Gbps OFDM single carrier low power single carrier 3 3 m 11 ft 16 802 11aj Apr 2018 45 60 C 540 1080 17 Up to 15000 18 15 Gbps 4 19 OFDM single carrier 19 EDMG 20 802 11ay Jul 2021 60 8000 8 0 GHz Up to 20000 21 20 Gbps 4 OFDM single carrier 10 m 33 ft 100 m 328 ft Sub 1 GHz IoT TVHT 22 802 11af Feb 2014 0 054 0 79 6 8 Up to 568 9 23 4 MIMO OFDM S1G 22 802 11ah May 2017 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 16 Up to 8 67 24 2 MHz 4 Light Li Fi LC VLC OWC 802 11bb Dec 2023 est 800 1000 nm 20 Up to 9 6 Gbps O OFDM IR IrDA 802 11 1997 Jun 1997 850 900 nm 1 2 PPM 802 11 Standard rollups 802 11 2007 Mar 2007 2 4 5 Up to 54 DSSS OFDM802 11 2012 Mar 2012 2 4 5 Up to 150 B DSSS OFDM802 11 2016 Dec 2016 2 4 5 60 Up to 866 7 or 6757 B DSSS OFDM802 11 2020 Dec 2020 2 4 5 60 Up to 866 7 or 6757 B DSSS OFDMA1 A2 IEEE 802 11y 2008 extended operation of 802 11a to the licensed 3 7 GHz band Increased power limits allow a range up to 5 000 m As of 2009 update it is only being licensed in the United States by the FCC B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 Based on short guard interval standard guard interval is 10 slower Rates vary widely based on distance obstructions and interference C1 For Chinese regulation D1 For Japanese regulation E1 Wake up Radio WUR Operation F1 F2 F3 F4 For single user cases only based on default guard interval which is 0 8 micro seconds Since multi user via OFDMA has become available for 802 11ax these may decrease Also these theoretical values depend on the link distance whether the link is line of sight or not interferences and the multi path components in the environment G1 The default guard interval is 0 8 micro seconds However 802 11ax extended the maximum available guard interval to 3 2 micro seconds in order to support Outdoor communications where the maximum possible propagation delay is larger compared to Indoor environments References Edit MCS table updated with 80211ax data rates semfionetworks com 802 11ac only specifies operation in the 5 GHz band Operation in the 2 4 GHz band is specified by 802 11n Kastrenakes Jacob 2018 10 03 Wi Fi now has version numbers and Wi Fi 6 comes out next year The Verge Retrieved 2019 05 02 Wi Fi Generation Numbering ElectronicNotes Retrieved November 10 2021 Maufer Thomas 2004 A Field Guide to Wireless LANs For Administrators and Power Users The Radia Perlman Series in Computer Networking and Security Series Prentice Hall Professional p 144 ISBN 9780131014060 0131014064 Retrieved 2015 10 27 Official IEEE 802 11 working group project timelines January 26 2017 Retrieved 2017 02 12 Wi Fi CERTIFIED n Longer Range Faster Throughput Multimedia Grade Wi Fi Networks PDF Wi Fi Alliance September 2009 a b Banerji Sourangsu Chowdhury Rahul Singha On IEEE 802 11 Wireless LAN Technology arXiv 1307 2661 The complete family of wireless LAN standards 802 11 a b g j n PDF Abdelgader Abdeldime M S Wu Lenan 2014 The Physical Layer of the IEEE 802 11p WAVE Communication Standard The Specifications and Challenges PDF World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science a b Wi Fi Capacity Analysis for 802 11ac and 802 11n Theory amp Practice PDF Belanger Phil Biba Ken 2007 05 31 802 11n Delivers Better Range Wi Fi Planet Archived from the original on 2008 11 24 IEEE 802 11ac What Does it Mean for Test PDF LitePoint October 2013 Archived from the original PDF on 2014 08 16 IEEE Standard for Information Technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements Part 11 Wireless LAN Medium Access Control MAC and Physical Layer PHY Specifications Amendment 3 Enhancements for Very High Throughput to Support Chinese Millimeter Wave Frequency Bands 60 GHz and 45 GHz IEEE Std 802 11aj 2018 April 2018 doi 10 1109 IEEESTD 2018 8345727 802 11ad WLAN at 60 GHz A Technology Introduction PDF Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH November 21 2013 p 14 Connect802 802 11ac Discussion www connect802 com Understanding IEEE 802 11ad Physical Layer and Measurement Challenges PDF 802 11aj Press Release a b Hong Wei He Shiwen Wang Haiming Yang Guangqi Huang Yongming Chen Jixing Zhou Jianyi Zhu Xiaowei Zhang Nianzhu Zhai Jianfeng Yang Luxi Jiang Zhihao Yu Chao 2018 An Overview of China Millimeter Wave Multiple Gigabit Wireless Local Area Network System IEICE Transactions on Communications E101 B 2 262 276 doi 10 1587 transcom 2017ISI0004 IEEE 802 11ay 1st real standard for Broadband Wireless Access BWA via mmWave Technology Blog techblog comsoc org Sun Rob Xin Yan Aboul Maged Osama Calcev George Wang Lei Au Edward Cariou Laurent Cordeiro Carlos Abu Surra Shadi Chang Sanghyun Taori Rakesh Kim TaeYoung Oh Jongho Cho JanGyu Motozuka Hiroyuki Wee Gaius P802 11 Wireless LANs IEEE pp 2 3 Archived from the original on 2017 12 06 Retrieved Dec 6 2017 a b 802 11 Alternate PHYs A whitepaper by Ayman Mukaddam PDF Lee Wookbong Kwak Jin Sam Kafle Padam Tingleff Jens Yucek Tevfik Porat Ron Erceg Vinko Lan Zhou Harada Hiroshi 2012 07 10 TGaf PHY proposal IEEE P802 11 Retrieved 2013 12 29 Sun Weiping Choi Munhwan Choi Sunghyun July 2013 IEEE 802 11ah A Long Range 802 11 WLAN at Sub 1 GHz PDF Journal of ICT Standardization 1 1 83 108 doi 10 13052 jicts2245 800X 115 Further reading EditIEEE 802 11 Working Group 1997 11 18 IEEE 802 11 1997 Wireless LAN Medium Access Control MAC and Physical Layer PHY Specifications doi 10 1109 IEEESTD 1997 85951 ISBN 1 55937 935 9 IEEE 802 11 Working Group 1999 07 15 IEEE 802 11 1999 Wireless LAN Medium Access Control MAC and Physical Layer PHY Specifications doi 10 1109 IEEESTD 2003 95617 ISBN 0 7381 1857 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title IEEE 802 11 legacy mode amp oldid 1122717787, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
