The Human Footprint is an ecological footprint map of human influence on the terrestrial systems of the Earth. It was first published in a 2002 article by Eric W. Sanderson, Malanding Jaiteh, Marc A. Levy, Kent H. Redford, Antoinette V. Wannebo, and Gillian Woolmer.[1] A map of human influence became possible with the advent of high-resolution satellite imagery in the 1990s.[2]
The map is made to a resolution of 1 km2 (0.39 sq mi) and is an aggregate of eight factors: major roadways, navigable waterways, railways, crop lands, pasture lands, the built environment, light pollution, and human population density.[3] In order to compare the effect of influence from different factors, the magnitude of influence for each factor was ranked on a scale of 0–10. These eight factors measure four types of data, which are cumulatively used as a measure of human influence: population density, land transformation, accessibility, and electrical power infrastructure.[1] The first Human Footprint map was published in 2002 with data that had been collected in the early 1990s, approximately 1993. In 2016, an updated map was published using the same methodology, using data from 2009.[4]
Due to incomplete satellite imagery, the original Human Footprint map did not include Antarctica nor some of the Small Island Developing States of the Pacific Ocean. Marine and freshwater systems are excluded, as different factors would be necessary to map human influence.[1]
Change over timeedit
The Human Footprint increased by 9% from 1993 to 2009, at least partly attributable to a human population increase of 23% and a global economy increase of 153% during the same period.[3] Though population and economic growth far exceed the growth of the Human Footprint, the areas that saw increased human influence were those with the highest biodiversity.[4]
See alsoedit
Carbon footprint: the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an individual, event, organization, service, or product, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent
Last of the Wild: a complementary global map produced in the same 2002 study that shows the wildest remaining areas of each biome
Referencesedit
^ abcSanderson, Eric W.; Jaiteh, Malanding; Levy, Marc A.; Redford, Kent H.; Wannebo, Antoinette V.; Woolmer, Gillian (2002). "The Human Footprint and the Last of the Wild". BioScience. 52 (10): 891. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0891:THFATL]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0006-3568.
^Scott, Michon (22 February 2003). "The Human Footprint". EarthData. NASA. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
^ abTacconi, Luca; Williams, David Aled (2020). "Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Environmental and Resource Management". Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 45: 305–329. doi:10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083949. hdl:1885/264140.
^ abVenter, Oscar; Sanderson, Eric W.; Magrach, Ainhoa; Allan, James R.; Beher, Jutta; Jones, Kendall R.; Possingham, Hugh P.; Laurance, William F.; Wood, Peter; Fekete, Balázs M.; Levy, Marc A.; Watson, James E.M. (2016). "Global terrestrial Human Footprint maps for 1993 and 2009". Scientific Data. 3: 160067. Bibcode:2016NatSD...360067V. doi:10.1038/sdata.2016.67. PMC5127486. PMID 27552448.
January 01, 1970
human, footprint, ecological, footprint, human, influence, terrestrial, systems, earth, first, published, 2002, article, eric, sanderson, malanding, jaiteh, marc, levy, kent, redford, antoinette, wannebo, gillian, woolmer, human, influence, became, possible, w. The Human Footprint is an ecological footprint map of human influence on the terrestrial systems of the Earth It was first published in a 2002 article by Eric W Sanderson Malanding Jaiteh Marc A Levy Kent H Redford Antoinette V Wannebo and Gillian Woolmer 1 A map of human influence became possible with the advent of high resolution satellite imagery in the 1990s 2 Contents 1 Method 2 Change over time 3 See also 4 ReferencesMethod editThe map is made to a resolution of 1 km2 0 39 sq mi and is an aggregate of eight factors major roadways navigable waterways railways crop lands pasture lands the built environment light pollution and human population density 3 In order to compare the effect of influence from different factors the magnitude of influence for each factor was ranked on a scale of 0 10 These eight factors measure four types of data which are cumulatively used as a measure of human influence population density land transformation accessibility and electrical power infrastructure 1 The first Human Footprint map was published in 2002 with data that had been collected in the early 1990s approximately 1993 In 2016 an updated map was published using the same methodology using data from 2009 4 Due to incomplete satellite imagery the original Human Footprint map did not include Antarctica nor some of the Small Island Developing States of the Pacific Ocean Marine and freshwater systems are excluded as different factors would be necessary to map human influence 1 Change over time editThe Human Footprint increased by 9 from 1993 to 2009 at least partly attributable to a human population increase of 23 and a global economy increase of 153 during the same period 3 Though population and economic growth far exceed the growth of the Human Footprint the areas that saw increased human influence were those with the highest biodiversity 4 See also editCarbon footprint the total greenhouse gas GHG emissions caused by an individual event organization service or product expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent Last of the Wild a complementary global map produced in the same 2002 study that shows the wildest remaining areas of each biomeReferences edit a b c Sanderson Eric W Jaiteh Malanding Levy Marc A Redford Kent H Wannebo Antoinette V Woolmer Gillian 2002 The Human Footprint and the Last of the Wild BioScience 52 10 891 doi 10 1641 0006 3568 2002 052 0891 THFATL 2 0 CO 2 ISSN 0006 3568 Scott Michon 22 February 2003 The Human Footprint EarthData NASA Retrieved 7 April 2021 a b Tacconi Luca Williams David Aled 2020 Corruption and Anti Corruption in Environmental and Resource Management Annual Review of Environment and Resources 45 305 329 doi 10 1146 annurev environ 012320 083949 hdl 1885 264140 a b Venter Oscar Sanderson Eric W Magrach Ainhoa Allan James R Beher Jutta Jones Kendall R Possingham Hugh P Laurance William F Wood Peter Fekete Balazs M Levy Marc A Watson James E M 2016 Global terrestrial Human Footprint maps for 1993 and 2009 Scientific Data 3 160067 Bibcode 2016NatSD 360067V doi 10 1038 sdata 2016 67 PMC 5127486 PMID 27552448 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Human Footprint amp oldid 1208397887, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
