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Household stone implements in Karnataka

January 01, 1970

Household stone implements in Karnataka, India used for wet grinding, dry grinding and pounding are oralu kallu, beeso kallu, dundagallu and kutni.

Pronunciation edit

In Kannada, the official and chief language of Karnataka, oralu kallu is written as ಒರಳು ಕಲ್ಲು. The pronunciation of ‘lu’ in Oralu is not the same as ‘lu’ in "flu". 'Lu' of Oralu Kallu is depicted as ‘ḷu’ in equivalent English. Oralu is a Kannada word for turn, which here describes the action of gundukallu, a grinding stone. ‘Kallu’ is a Kannada word for stone. An alternate name, rubbo kallu, is written as ರುಬ್ಬೊ ಕಲ್ಲು. ‘Rubbu’ is a Kannada word for grinding.

Beeso kallu is written as ಬೀಸೋ ಕಲ್ಲು. Beesu is a Kannada word for dry grinding.

Dundugallu is written as ದುಂಡುಗಲ್ಲು. ‘Dundu’ is a Kannada word for round which here describes the shape of the stone. It is also called rubbo dundi (ರುಬ್ಬೂ ದುಂಡಿ).

Kutni is written as ಕುಟ್ನಿ. ‘Kuttu’ is a Kannada word for pounding.

Oralu kallu edit

Description edit

Oralu kallu or rubbo kallu is a household stone implement used for wet grinding. It consists of two separate parts. A grinding stone called gundukallu (ಗುಂಡುಕಲ್ಲು)/gootada kallu (ಗೂಟದಕಲ್ಲು) is a stout cylindrical stone of rounded ends with or without a wooden handle, and a base stone which actually is called oralu kallu has a central well with a diameter slightly larger than the gundukallu.

Wet grinding edit

Gundukallu is placed in the well of a base stone and rotated, usually with the left hand while the right hand is used to regularly push ingredients towards the well to grind them. The role of the hands keep interchanging with fatigue, duration and quantity of grinding.

Uses edit

  • To wet grind dosa/idli batters, various chutneys, masalas etc.
  • It is a preferred tool to grind uddina vada batter in hotels and restaurants.
  • For making chigali
  • It plays an important role in Arishina Kuttuva Shastra[1][2][3] (details under Miscellaneous section below), a wedding ritual in southern India.

Current scenario edit

Oralu kallu used to be a standard fixture of every household in the past. They were mounted flush with the kitchen floor or built into counters or as separate stone unit within or outside homes. With the availability and convenience of mixer grinders, food processors, and commercial wet grinders, the oralu kallu has almost disappeared from urban areas and is on the decline in rural areas. Some believe that foods prepared using an oralu kallu taste better than foods processed in mixer grinders.

Beeso kallu edit

Description edit

Beeso kallu is a household stone implement for dry grinding millet. It is made of two thick circular flat stones on top of each other. The upper stone has a central hole which accommodates a small conical (metal/stone) projection from stone below about which it can rotate. Also, on the upper stone is another hole, peripheral in location, which houses a wooden handle for rotating it. It is also called as chakki (stone mill) in northern India

Dry grinding edit

Ingredients to be ground are poured through the central hole of the upper stone which then slides along the sides of metal/stone projecting from below into a gap between the upper and lower stone. There it gets ground to flour upon rotating the upper stone.

Beeso kallu, called jato in Nepal

Uses edit

  • For making flour from millet like rice, ragi, wheat, jowar etc.
  • Sometimes powders like chili powder, sambar powder and other masala powders are also ground in it.

Current scenario edit

This was the chief tool of the past to grind millet into flour before the spread of commercial grinding mill shops. Hitherto found in rural areas, these have now almost disappeared.

Dundugallu edit

Description edit

Dundugallu is a household stone implement for wet grinding found mostly in rural areas. It is a very basic form of an implement consisting of two separate parts, a circular or cylindrical or oval stone and another flat surfaced stone. It is seen in various sizes from small to large.

Wet grinding edit

Before grinding, both parts are washed and cleaned. Ingredients to be ground are placed on flat surfaced stone. Heavy round or cylindrical or oval stone is then rolled to and fro on the ingredients to grind them.

Uses edit

  • Used in wet grinding ingredients for masalas, chutneys etc.

Current scenario edit

Hitherto found in rural areas, these have now almost disappeared.

Kutni edit

Description edit

Kutni is a miniature household stone implement for grinding small quantities of either dry or wet ingredients. It traditionally is made of stone. It consists of kutni, a roughly boat or circular shaped base stone with shallow upper surface, and a kutto kallu (ಕುಟ್ಟೋ ಕಲ್ಲು), a roughly pear shaped small stone to pound/crush/grind.

 
Kutni used for making chigali

Dry or wet grinding edit

Ingredients to be ground are placed in the kutni and the kutto kallu is used to crush/pound/grind.

Uses edit

  • Usually to coarse powder small quantities of spices like cinnamon, cloves, cardamom etc.
  • To crush black pepper
  • To make small quantities of menasinkai (chilli) / bendekai (okra) and other chutneys
  • To make chigali

Current scenario edit

Kutni in the English world is known as a mortar and pestle. They are available in various sizes and shapes. Traditionally they were made of stone. Currently they are made in various sizes and shapes, from materials like iron, steel, brass, alloys, wood, marble stone, granite, or plastic. They are found in almost every household.

Miscellaneous edit

Arishina Kuttuva Shastra edit

Arishina Kuttuva Shastra (ಅರಿಶಿನ ಕುಟ್ಟುವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ) is an important wedding ritual in Southern India. [4] Arishina is a Kannada word for turmeric. In the ritual, whole turmeric (dried whole unbroken tuber) is placed in the oralu kallu. Women use the onake (description below) to pound it to a powder. Powdered turmeric is made into a paste with water. Turmeric paste is then applied on the bride and groom. In northern India, the Haldi function is similar.[5]

In another wedding ritual, instead of turmeric, various other grains like rice and jowar are symbolically pounded by the bride.

Onake edit

Onake is a wooden pole/stick, about the length of an average person, used in the past to pound millets into flour. millet to be pounded is placed in the oralukallu and pounded with onake to flour. Currently its usage is mostly limited to the Arishina Kuttuva ritual in South Indian weddings. The onake is sometimes called a pestle in English.

A historical, brave woman, Obavva killed enemy soldiers with an onake in a battle at Chitradurga fort. She is revered as Onake Obavva. She is exemplified for the bravery and courage of women of Karnataka alongside another historical ruler, Kittur Chennamma.[6]

Murders edit

Gundukallu, the grinding stone of oralu kallu, has been used as a weapon in numerous murders.[7][8][9][10] Rarely, in domestic quarrels or family feuds or fights with neighbours or in village fights, a threat made by one individual to another can be heard said as "gundukallu yattak bidtini" (ಗುಂಡುಕಲ್ಲು ಯತ್ತಾಕ್ಬಿಡ್ತೀನಿ), which can be translated roughly as "will lift up the grinding stone and throw it on you".

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Arya Vysya Customs and Traditions - Wedding/Maduve". www.tasteofmysore.com. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  2. ^ "Godkal Shastra - Indian festivals". indianfestivals.wikidot.com. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  3. ^ vclickz works (24 January 2015), Arishina Preparation, retrieved 4 December 2016
  4. ^ "Arya Vysya Customs and Traditions - Wedding/Maduve". www.tasteofmysore.com. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  5. ^ "Beautiful Significance of Haldi Ceremony in Indian Weddings". Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  6. ^ Desk, NewsGram News (9 October 2015). "Rani Chennamma - India's first woman independence activist". NewsGram. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  7. ^ Gowhar, Imran. "Man who killed wife, mother-in-law arrested". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  8. ^ Correspondent, Special. "Woman murders husband with grinding stone". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  9. ^ "Younger brother murders elder sibling with grinding stone - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  10. ^ "Woman kills husband with a grinding stone - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 4 December 2016.

External links edit

January 01, 1970
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia s general notability guideline Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention If notability cannot be shown the article is likely to be merged redirected or deleted Find sources Household stone implements in Karnataka news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2017 Learn how and when to remove this message This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Household stone implements in Karnataka news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2016 Learn how and when to remove this message Learn how and when to remove this message Household stone implements in Karnataka India used for wet grinding dry grinding and pounding are oralu kallu beeso kallu dundagallu and kutni Contents 1 Pronunciation 2 Oralu kallu 2 1 Description 2 2 Wet grinding 2 3 Uses 2 4 Current scenario 3 Beeso kallu 3 1 Description 3 2 Dry grinding 3 3 Uses 3 4 Current scenario 4 Dundugallu 4 1 Description 4 2 Wet grinding 4 3 Uses 4 4 Current scenario 5 Kutni 5 1 Description 5 2 Dry or wet grinding 5 3 Uses 5 4 Current scenario 6 Miscellaneous 6 1 Arishina Kuttuva Shastra 6 2 Onake 6 3 Murders 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksPronunciation editIn Kannada the official and chief language of Karnataka oralu kallu is written as ಒರಳ ಕಲ ಲ The pronunciation of lu in Oralu is not the same as lu in flu Lu of Oralu Kallu is depicted as ḷu in equivalent English Oralu is a Kannada word for turn which here describes the action of gundukallu a grinding stone Kallu is a Kannada word for stone An alternate name rubbo kallu is written as ರ ಬ ಬ ಕಲ ಲ Rubbu is a Kannada word for grinding Beeso kallu is written as ಬ ಸ ಕಲ ಲ Beesu is a Kannada word for dry grinding Dundugallu is written as ದ ಡ ಗಲ ಲ Dundu is a Kannada word for round which here describes the shape of the stone It is also called rubbo dundi ರ ಬ ಬ ದ ಡ Kutni is written as ಕ ಟ ನ Kuttu is a Kannada word for pounding Oralu kallu editDescription edit Oralu kallu or rubbo kallu is a household stone implement used for wet grinding It consists of two separate parts A grinding stone called gundukallu ಗ ಡ ಕಲ ಲ gootada kallu ಗ ಟದಕಲ ಲ is a stout cylindrical stone of rounded ends with or without a wooden handle and a base stone which actually is called oralu kallu has a central well with a diameter slightly larger than the gundukallu Wet grinding edit Gundukallu is placed in the well of a base stone and rotated usually with the left hand while the right hand is used to regularly push ingredients towards the well to grind them The role of the hands keep interchanging with fatigue duration and quantity of grinding Uses edit To wet grind dosa idli batters various chutneys masalas etc It is a preferred tool to grind uddina vada batter in hotels and restaurants For making chigali It plays an important role in Arishina Kuttuva Shastra 1 2 3 details under Miscellaneous section below a wedding ritual in southern India Current scenario edit Oralu kallu used to be a standard fixture of every household in the past They were mounted flush with the kitchen floor or built into counters or as separate stone unit within or outside homes With the availability and convenience of mixer grinders food processors and commercial wet grinders the oralu kallu has almost disappeared from urban areas and is on the decline in rural areas Some believe that foods prepared using an oralu kallu taste better than foods processed in mixer grinders Beeso kallu editDescription edit Beeso kallu is a household stone implement for dry grinding millet It is made of two thick circular flat stones on top of each other The upper stone has a central hole which accommodates a small conical metal stone projection from stone below about which it can rotate Also on the upper stone is another hole peripheral in location which houses a wooden handle for rotating it It is also called as chakki stone mill in northern India Dry grinding edit Ingredients to be ground are poured through the central hole of the upper stone which then slides along the sides of metal stone projecting from below into a gap between the upper and lower stone There it gets ground to flour upon rotating the upper stone source source source source source source source Beeso kallu called jato in Nepal Uses edit For making flour from millet like rice ragi wheat jowar etc Sometimes powders like chili powder sambar powder and other masala powders are also ground in it Current scenario edit This was the chief tool of the past to grind millet into flour before the spread of commercial grinding mill shops Hitherto found in rural areas these have now almost disappeared Dundugallu editDescription edit Dundugallu is a household stone implement for wet grinding found mostly in rural areas It is a very basic form of an implement consisting of two separate parts a circular or cylindrical or oval stone and another flat surfaced stone It is seen in various sizes from small to large Wet grinding edit Before grinding both parts are washed and cleaned Ingredients to be ground are placed on flat surfaced stone Heavy round or cylindrical or oval stone is then rolled to and fro on the ingredients to grind them Uses edit Used in wet grinding ingredients for masalas chutneys etc Current scenario edit Hitherto found in rural areas these have now almost disappeared Kutni editDescription edit Kutni is a miniature household stone implement for grinding small quantities of either dry or wet ingredients It traditionally is made of stone It consists of kutni a roughly boat or circular shaped base stone with shallow upper surface and a kutto kallu ಕ ಟ ಟ ಕಲ ಲ a roughly pear shaped small stone to pound crush grind nbsp Kutni used for making chigali Dry or wet grinding edit Ingredients to be ground are placed in the kutni and the kutto kallu is used to crush pound grind Uses edit Usually to coarse powder small quantities of spices like cinnamon cloves cardamom etc To crush black pepper To make small quantities of menasinkai chilli bendekai okra and other chutneys To make chigali Current scenario edit Kutni in the English world is known as a mortar and pestle They are available in various sizes and shapes Traditionally they were made of stone Currently they are made in various sizes and shapes from materials like iron steel brass alloys wood marble stone granite or plastic They are found in almost every household Miscellaneous editArishina Kuttuva Shastra edit Arishina Kuttuva Shastra ಅರ ಶ ನ ಕ ಟ ಟ ವ ಶ ಸ ತ ರ is an important wedding ritual in Southern India 4 Arishina is a Kannada word for turmeric In the ritual whole turmeric dried whole unbroken tuber is placed in the oralu kallu Women use the onake description below to pound it to a powder Powdered turmeric is made into a paste with water Turmeric paste is then applied on the bride and groom In northern India the Haldi function is similar 5 In another wedding ritual instead of turmeric various other grains like rice and jowar are symbolically pounded by the bride Onake edit Onake is a wooden pole stick about the length of an average person used in the past to pound millets into flour millet to be pounded is placed in the oralukallu and pounded with onake to flour Currently its usage is mostly limited to the Arishina Kuttuva ritual in South Indian weddings The onake is sometimes called a pestle in English A historical brave woman Obavva killed enemy soldiers with an onake in a battle at Chitradurga fort She is revered as Onake Obavva She is exemplified for the bravery and courage of women of Karnataka alongside another historical ruler Kittur Chennamma 6 Murders edit Gundukallu the grinding stone of oralu kallu has been used as a weapon in numerous murders 7 8 9 10 Rarely in domestic quarrels or family feuds or fights with neighbours or in village fights a threat made by one individual to another can be heard said as gundukallu yattak bidtini ಗ ಡ ಕಲ ಲ ಯತ ತ ಕ ಬ ಡ ತ ನ which can be translated roughly as will lift up the grinding stone and throw it on you See also editGround stone Metate Batan stone References edit Arya Vysya Customs and Traditions Wedding Maduve www tasteofmysore com Retrieved 4 December 2016 Godkal Shastra Indian festivals indianfestivals wikidot com Retrieved 4 December 2016 vclickz works 24 January 2015 Arishina Preparation retrieved 4 December 2016 Arya Vysya Customs and Traditions Wedding Maduve www tasteofmysore com Retrieved 4 December 2016 Beautiful Significance of Haldi Ceremony in Indian Weddings Retrieved 4 December 2016 Desk NewsGram News 9 October 2015 Rani Chennamma India s first woman independence activist NewsGram Retrieved 5 December 2016 Gowhar Imran Man who killed wife mother in law arrested The Hindu Retrieved 4 December 2016 Correspondent Special Woman murders husband with grinding stone The Hindu Retrieved 4 December 2016 Younger brother murders elder sibling with grinding stone Times of India The Times of India Retrieved 4 December 2016 Woman kills husband with a grinding stone Times of India The Times of India Retrieved 4 December 2016 External links edithttps www youtube com watch v l8le028VMsM https www youtube com watch v NCN013rLDf0 https www youtube com watch v qWyobP0jSvw https www youtube com watch v VKo2CuSRTTU https www youtube com watch v OUDV6lxzcCc https www youtube com watch v mvQttEjfYtM https www youtube com watch v z7TchLLXww https www youtube com watch v Om3 HD ORB0 https www youtube com watch v xRRd79Az8to https www youtube com watch v mC1BZ1I59Qk https www youtube com watch v yjEegGcvQE8 https www youtube com watch v 15r BSmF5Js Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Household stone implements in Karnataka amp oldid 1132251628, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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