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House of Toulouse

May 08, 2024

The House of Toulouse, sometimes called House of Saint-Gilles or Raimondines, is a family of Frankish origin established in Languedoc having owned the County of Toulouse. Its first representative was Fulcoald of Rouergue, who died after 837, whose sons Fredelo and Raymond I were the first hereditary counts of Toulouse from 849 to 863; the last holder of the county in the agnatic line was Raymond VII who died in 1249. This family therefore reigned over the county for four centuries.[1]

History edit

Creation of the County of Toulouse edit

The county of Toulouse is a former county in southern France, the holder of which was one of six primitive lay peers.

A count of Toulouse was appointed in 778 by Charlemagne in favor of a certain Torson, following the defeat of Roncesvalles, to coordinate the defense and the fight against the Basques, and integrated into the duchy of Aquitaine, when it was created three years later: William the Pious, Duke of Aquitaine, had the title of Count of Toulouse. From the death in 852 of Fredelo son of Fulcoald, count of Rouergue and Senegund of Toulouse, who was governor (custos civitas) of Toulouse, Pailhars, Rodez, and Limoges, the center of Aquitaine moves to Poitiers and Count of Rouergue, were also rulers of Toulouse.

Starting with Fulcoald of Rouergue, the County of Toulouse became hereditary. His son Fredelo becomes Count of Toulouse in 849. His brother Raymond I succeeded him in 852.

The House of Toulouse edit

From the ninth century, the House of Toulouse was established in its fief. The elder line of the House of Rouergue became Counts of Toulouse. The functions of the Marquis of Gothia and Duke of Narbonne, which they also possessed, became empty and meaningless titles which were transmitted to the younger branch of Rouergue. At the death of the Countess Bertha of Rouergue, these titles were inherited by a scion of the senior line, Raymond, Count of Saint-Gilles, which allowed him to be an early territorial power. Pons, Count of Toulouse, father of Raymond of Saint Gilles, bequeathed all his possessions to his eldest son William, on the condition that if William were to die without a son, the properties would then pass to Raymond. Hence, when William IV died, Raymond succeeded his brother as Raymond IV of Toulouse, although the succession was claimed by Philippa, William IV's daughter, who married William IX, Duke of Aquitaine. Raymond of Saint-Gilles managed to establish the principality as a power, which he gave to his son Bertrand, after departing for the First Crusade.

Bertrand, with his brother Alfonso Jordan, must fight against the Duke of Aquitaine, who seized Toulouse several times, but had to evacuate each time due to popular revolt. Then the counts of Toulouse fought against the Counts of Barcelona as they competed for expanding their influence in Languedoc and Provence. Peace was finally concluded in the second half of the 12th century. At that time, the city of Toulouse is one of the largest in Europe, and the House of Toulouse reigned over a rich and powerful territory. The counts of Toulouse, who played a significant part in the Crusades, also possessed the County of Tripoli in the Holy Land.

Fall edit

In the 12th century, a new heresy, Catharism, developed in the region, supported by many local lords. Count Raymond V demanded the aid of Cîteaux to fight against the Cathars, but in the early 13th century, their presence is such that Raymond VI cannot fight against them without alienating a large part of the population. The murder of the papal legate Pierre de Castelnau triggered the Albigensian Crusade. Launched in 1208 by Pope Innocent III, it aimed to crush heresy and to subdue the powerful lords of the south and their wealthy domains. In 1215, Simon de Montfort, who took the leadership of the Crusade, defeated the army of Toulouse and entered the city. He proclaimed himself Count of Toulouse but was killed in 1218 by the inhabitants. After this event, the counts of Toulouse sided with the people against the royal armies. But after a new offensive launched by King Louis VIII, Raymond VII gave in and signed the Treaty of Meaux in 1229.

The repression against the Cathars increased and the County of Toulouse gradually passed under the domination of royal power. Joan of Toulouse, daughter of Raymond VII, married Alphonse of Poitiers, brother of St. Louis. As Count of Toulouse, Alphonse administered the city from Paris. In 1271, the county of Toulouse merged into the crown as an inheritance of Philip III, King of France, nephew of Alphonse.[2]

Genealogy and descendants of the House of Toulouse edit

The Counts of Rouergue edit

From 852, the County of Toulouse is the possession of the counts of Rouergue, and transmitted hereditarily.

See also: Count of Rouergue

The Counts of Toulouse edit

The Counts of Rouergue settled their capital in Toulouse. The senior line became Counts of Toulouse while a cadet branch retained the County of Rouergue.

See also: Count of Toulouse

The Counts of Tripoli edit

During the Crusades, Raymond of Saint-Gilles established the county of Tripoli. It remained in the family until 1187, when it passed to the House of Antioch.

See also: Count of Tripoli

Toulouse-Bruniquel edit

The last agnatic descendant of the Counts of Toulouse, of the "Raymondine" branch, died on 13 August 1577[3] in the person of Jean Antoine, Viscount of Montclar and Baron of Salvagnac. A Protestant captain, he was killed by Catholics in a skirmish in the countryside.[4] He belonged to a cadet branch descended from Bertrand of Toulouse, Viscount of Bruniquel and natural son of Raymond VI.

Toulouse-Lautrec edit

According to a genealogy established in the 17th century, this family is considered a branch of the House of Toulouse which they represented in their coat of arms. According to recent research, the Toulouse-Lautrec would agnatic descendants of the viscounts of Lautrec, a line which could be traced back to the end of the ninth century, which would also be the origin of the Trencavel[5]

The House of Limoges edit

Second son of Raymond I, Count of Toulouse, Foucher of Limoges founded the House of Limoges in 876 that ruled Limoges until 1139.

Arms edit

Arms of the House of Toulouse
 
Count of Toulouse: Gules a cross clechy pommety and voided or
 
Count of Tripoli: Gules a cross or
 
Viscount of Limoges: Or three lions azure armed and langued gules

References edit

  1. ^ Guillemain, Bernard (1976). "Une « thèse » sur la société languedocienne du haut Moyen âge : Magnou-Nortier (Elisabeth), La société laïque et l'Église dans la province ecclésiastique de Narbonne (zone cispyrénéenne) de la fin du VIIIe à la fin du XIe siècle. (Publications de l'Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail, série A, tome 20), Toulouse, Association des Publications de l'Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail, 1974". Annales du Midi. 88 (129): 478–485.
  2. ^ Le Roy Ladurie (Emmanuel), Histoire de France des régions, Seuil, 2001, p. 284.
  3. ^ Journal de Faurin sur les guerres de Castres p. 13 dans le tome 2 des Pièces fugitives pour servir à l'histoire de France - Paris 1759
  4. ^ J.Gaches - Mémoires de Jacques Gaches sur les guerres de religion à Castres et dans le Languedoc publiés par Charles Pradel -Paris 1879- pages 256 et 257
  5. ^ Philippe Zalmen Ben-Nathan - Une généalogie inédite des vicomtes de Lautrec - Annales du midi ISSN 0003-4398, 2002, vol 114, p. 369 à 379.

May 08, 2024
house, toulouse, this, article, lead, section, short, adequately, summarize, points, please, consider, expanding, lead, provide, accessible, overview, important, aspects, article, august, 2019, sometimes, called, house, saint, gilles, raimondines, family, fran. This article s lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article August 2019 The House of Toulouse sometimes called House of Saint Gilles or Raimondines is a family of Frankish origin established in Languedoc having owned the County of Toulouse Its first representative was Fulcoald of Rouergue who died after 837 whose sons Fredelo and Raymond I were the first hereditary counts of Toulouse from 849 to 863 the last holder of the county in the agnatic line was Raymond VII who died in 1249 This family therefore reigned over the county for four centuries 1 House of ToulouseRaimondinesHouse of RouergueHouse of Saint GillesArms of the Count of ToulouseParent houseHouse of RouergueCountryCounty of Toulouse Marquisate of Provence County of TripoliFounded849FounderFredelo Count of ToulouseFinal rulerJoan Countess of ToulouseTitlesPrince of Galilee Duke of Narbonne Marquis of Provence Count of Carcassonne Count of Rouergue Count of Toulouse Count of Tripoli Count of MelgueilEstate s Rouergue Toulouse TripoliDissolution1271Cadet branchesHouse of LimogesHouse of Tripoli Contents 1 History 1 1 Creation of the County of Toulouse 1 2 The House of Toulouse 1 3 Fall 2 Genealogy and descendants of the House of Toulouse 2 1 The Counts of Rouergue 2 2 The Counts of Toulouse 2 3 The Counts of Tripoli 2 4 Toulouse Bruniquel 2 5 Toulouse Lautrec 2 6 The House of Limoges 3 Arms 4 ReferencesHistory editCreation of the County of Toulouse edit The county of Toulouse is a former county in southern France the holder of which was one of six primitive lay peers A count of Toulouse was appointed in 778 by Charlemagne in favor of a certain Torson following the defeat of Roncesvalles to coordinate the defense and the fight against the Basques and integrated into the duchy of Aquitaine when it was created three years later William the Pious Duke of Aquitaine had the title of Count of Toulouse From the death in 852 of Fredelo son of Fulcoald count of Rouergue and Senegund of Toulouse who was governor custos civitas of Toulouse Pailhars Rodez and Limoges the center of Aquitaine moves to Poitiers and Count of Rouergue were also rulers of Toulouse Starting with Fulcoald of Rouergue the County of Toulouse became hereditary His son Fredelo becomes Count of Toulouse in 849 His brother Raymond I succeeded him in 852 The House of Toulouse edit From the ninth century the House of Toulouse was established in its fief The elder line of the House of Rouergue became Counts of Toulouse The functions of the Marquis of Gothia and Duke of Narbonne which they also possessed became empty and meaningless titles which were transmitted to the younger branch of Rouergue At the death of the Countess Bertha of Rouergue these titles were inherited by a scion of the senior line Raymond Count of Saint Gilles which allowed him to be an early territorial power Pons Count of Toulouse father of Raymond of Saint Gilles bequeathed all his possessions to his eldest son William on the condition that if William were to die without a son the properties would then pass to Raymond Hence when William IV died Raymond succeeded his brother as Raymond IV of Toulouse although the succession was claimed by Philippa William IV s daughter who married William IX Duke of Aquitaine Raymond of Saint Gilles managed to establish the principality as a power which he gave to his son Bertrand after departing for the First Crusade Bertrand with his brother Alfonso Jordan must fight against the Duke of Aquitaine who seized Toulouse several times but had to evacuate each time due to popular revolt Then the counts of Toulouse fought against the Counts of Barcelona as they competed for expanding their influence in Languedoc and Provence Peace was finally concluded in the second half of the 12th century At that time the city of Toulouse is one of the largest in Europe and the House of Toulouse reigned over a rich and powerful territory The counts of Toulouse who played a significant part in the Crusades also possessed the County of Tripoli in the Holy Land Fall edit In the 12th century a new heresy Catharism developed in the region supported by many local lords Count Raymond V demanded the aid of Citeaux to fight against the Cathars but in the early 13th century their presence is such that Raymond VI cannot fight against them without alienating a large part of the population The murder of the papal legate Pierre de Castelnau triggered the Albigensian Crusade Launched in 1208 by Pope Innocent III it aimed to crush heresy and to subdue the powerful lords of the south and their wealthy domains In 1215 Simon de Montfort who took the leadership of the Crusade defeated the army of Toulouse and entered the city He proclaimed himself Count of Toulouse but was killed in 1218 by the inhabitants After this event the counts of Toulouse sided with the people against the royal armies But after a new offensive launched by King Louis VIII Raymond VII gave in and signed the Treaty of Meaux in 1229 The repression against the Cathars increased and the County of Toulouse gradually passed under the domination of royal power Joan of Toulouse daughter of Raymond VII married Alphonse of Poitiers brother of St Louis As Count of Toulouse Alphonse administered the city from Paris In 1271 the county of Toulouse merged into the crown as an inheritance of Philip III King of France nephew of Alphonse 2 Genealogy and descendants of the House of Toulouse editFulcoald of Rouergue Fredelo Count of Toulouse Raymond I Count of Toulouse Bernard II Count of Toulouse Fulgaud viscount of Limoges House of Limoges Odo Count of Toulouse Raymond II Count of Toulouse Raymond Pons Count of Toulouse Raymond III Count of Toulouse Raymond IV Count of Toulouse William III Count of Toulouse Raymond Hugh Pons Count of Toulouse William IV Count of Toulouse Raymond IV Count of Toulouse Bertrand Count of Toulouse questionable legitimacy Pons Count of Tripoli Raymond II Count of Tripoli Raymond III Count of Tripoli Alfonso Jordan Raymond V Count of Toulouse Raymond VI Count of Toulouse Raymond VII Count of Toulouse Joan Countess of Toulouse Bertrand illegitimate Viscounts of Bruniquel Aubri Baldwin Alfonso Hugh Abbot of Saint Gilles Bertrand Ermengol of Rouergue Raymond II of Rouergue Raymond III of Rouergue Hugh of Rouergue Bertha of Rouergue Hugh Bishop of Toulouse Hugh Count of Quercy Aribert abbot of Vabres The Counts of Rouergue edit From 852 the County of Toulouse is the possession of the counts of Rouergue and transmitted hereditarily See also Count of Rouergue The Counts of Toulouse edit The Counts of Rouergue settled their capital in Toulouse The senior line became Counts of Toulouse while a cadet branch retained the County of Rouergue See also Count of Toulouse The Counts of Tripoli edit During the Crusades Raymond of Saint Gilles established the county of Tripoli It remained in the family until 1187 when it passed to the House of Antioch See also Count of Tripoli Toulouse Bruniquel edit The last agnatic descendant of the Counts of Toulouse of the Raymondine branch died on 13 August 1577 3 in the person of Jean Antoine Viscount of Montclar and Baron of Salvagnac A Protestant captain he was killed by Catholics in a skirmish in the countryside 4 He belonged to a cadet branch descended from Bertrand of Toulouse Viscount of Bruniquel and natural son of Raymond VI Toulouse Lautrec edit According to a genealogy established in the 17th century this family is considered a branch of the House of Toulouse which they represented in their coat of arms According to recent research the Toulouse Lautrec would agnatic descendants of the viscounts of Lautrec a line which could be traced back to the end of the ninth century which would also be the origin of the Trencavel 5 The House of Limoges edit Second son of Raymond I Count of Toulouse Foucher of Limoges founded the House of Limoges in 876 that ruled Limoges until 1139 Arms editArms of the House of Toulouse nbsp Count of Toulouse Gules a cross clechy pommety and voided or nbsp Count of Tripoli Gules a cross or nbsp Viscount of Limoges Or three lions azure armed and langued gulesReferences edit Guillemain Bernard 1976 Une these sur la societe languedocienne du haut Moyen age Magnou Nortier Elisabeth La societe laique et l Eglise dans la province ecclesiastique de Narbonne zone cispyreneenne de la fin du VIIIe a la fin du XIe siecle Publications de l Universite de Toulouse Le Mirail serie A tome 20 Toulouse Association des Publications de l Universite de Toulouse Le Mirail 1974 Annales du Midi 88 129 478 485 Le Roy Ladurie Emmanuel Histoire de France des regions Seuil 2001 p 284 Journal de Faurin sur les guerres de Castres p 13 dans le tome 2 des Pieces fugitives pour servir a l histoire de France Paris 1759 J Gaches Memoires de Jacques Gaches sur les guerres de religion a Castres et dans le Languedoc publies par Charles Pradel Paris 1879 pages 256 et 257 Philippe Zalmen Ben Nathan Une genealogie inedite des vicomtes de Lautrec Annales du midi ISSN 0003 4398 2002 vol 114 p 369 a 379 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title House of Toulouse amp oldid 1194542988, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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