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History of the Jews in Leeds

October 19, 2023

The city of Leeds, in West Yorkshire, England has a Jewish community, where many notable people originated or settled. They have played a major part in the clothing trade, the business, professional and academic life of the City, and the wider world. The community numbers now less than 7,000 people.[1][2]

Demography Edit

A community of nearly 60 Jews was present in Leeds by 1840, with their numbers rising to 219 by 1861.[3][4] Around 1,000 were present prior to the increase in immigration from the Russian Empire starting in the early 1880s.[5] In 1891 there were 8,000 Jews in Leeds, with more than 6,000 in the Leylands area alone by 1901.[6][7] The concentration of Jews in some areas was so great that Templar Street was described as like a continental Jewish ghetto in the Yiddish press.[8] The population continued to rise in the early 20th century, numbering 12 to 14,000 in 1901, and around 25,000 after 1914.[6][5]

With the addition from 1933 of refugees from Nazi Germany, evacuees from the London Blitz, and later Holocaust survivors, the Leeds community may have peaked around 1945 to 1950 at 25 to 29,000 people.[9][10][5] The population has since been in decline for many years, despite arrivals from smaller regional communities.[11][5] Steady emigration to Israel began post-war and has continued,[5][12] but during the 1970s Leeds still had the highest Jewish proportion of population of any British city.[13]

The 2011 UK census recorded 6,847 people reporting their religion as Jewish in the City of Leeds metropolitan district, 0.9% of the district's population.[14] In the Leeds built-up area, there were 6,136 (1.3% of population),[15] concentrated in areas such as Alwoodley ward (3,270, 14.4% of population).[16]

Development Edit

The first settlers in the 18th century were mainly German-born;[6] many were wool-merchants attracted to this major industry of West Yorkshire. The first marriage was recorded in 1842.[6] Early residents included Lazarus Levi.[3]

The history of the community is closely linked with Hull, which was connected by railway to Leeds from 1840.[17] Most of those who settled in Leeds immigrated via the Humber ports of Hull,[18] and Grimsby,[6] and many lived in Hull, or stayed temporarily,[19] part of a migrant population mainly bound via Liverpool for America.[18][6] As Leeds was a city undergoing economic expansion, on this migration route, and as Jews had tailoring experience or local contacts, a sizeable community developed.[18][5] Settlement was primarily in the poor Leylands district of Leeds,[20] a low-rent area which attracted immigrants.[21] By the mid-1890s Leylands was predominantly Jewish.[22][3] The great majority of Jewish immigrants in this period were Lithuanian Jews from within the Northern Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire.[6][23]

Jews worked in notoriously insanitary sweatshops as tailoring became the dominant trade.[24][23][5] With the slum clearance of 1936–7,[7] the Jews of Leeds moved northwards, from the central Leylands area, up around Chapeltown, and then further into Moortown and Alwoodley.[1][11]

Many 1930s European refugees came to Leeds, often well-educated, including in 1937 the ORT training school from Berlin,[25] and in 1938–40, Kindertransport children,[26][27] followed by later survivors of the Holocaust. Before the war a local branch of the Association of Jewish Refugees was formed,[28] and more recently the Leeds-based Holocaust Survivors' Fellowship Association.[29]

Synagogues Edit

The first synagogue in Leeds opened in 1846 in a converted private house in Back Rockingham Street, on the site of the current Merrion Centre. In 1861 it was replaced by a purpose-built building in Belgrave Street, known as the Great Synagogue, which closed in 1983. An office block was built on the site, and the synagogue is commemorated by a blue plaque placed by Leeds Civic Trust in 1991.[30]

A synagogue in St. John's Place, New Briggate was opened in 1876, known as the Grinner Shul.[31][32] It was replaced by the New Synagogue in Chapeltown Road of 1932, built in Byzantine style; the building closed in 1985, and is now used by the Northern School of Contemporary Dance.[33]

The Vilna synagogue began in St Luke's Terrace, and moved to Exmouth Street before 1885. It merged into the New Vilna Synagogue in 1955, at Harrogate Road 1973–91, and incorporated into the Etz Chaim synagogue 1994, also on Harrogate Road, since 1982.[34] Etz Chaim has its roots in the Leeds Jewish Workers' Burial and Trading Society of 1899, the Psalms of David Congregation originally in Bridge Street in 1884, as well as the New Synagogue.[35]

The United Hebrew Congregation opened its current Shadwell Lane synagogue in 1986, incorporating congregations originally of the Great Synagogue, New Synagogue, New Leeds Congregation, Chapeltown United Synagogue, Louis Street Synagogue, and the Moortown Synagogue of 1937–86.[36][37] The Byron Street Polish synagogue was founded 1893; moving to Louis Street around 1933,[38] it closed in 1974.[39]

Beth Hamedrash Hagadol synagogue, Templar Street, founded 1874, moved to Hope Street in 1886, Newton Road Chapeltown in 1937, and its present building in Street Lane, Moortown in 1969.[40]

Shomrei Hadass Synagogue is the centre for strictly-orthodox Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic Judaism in Leeds.[41][42]

The Sinai Synagogue in Roundhay, Leeds was established as a congregation in 1944, and is affiliated to Reform Judaism.[43] A new building was opened in 1960.[44]

Cemeteries Edit

The first Jewish cemetery in Leeds was opened in 1837,[45] with local Jews previously having been buried in nearby Hull.[46] There are today five Jewish cemeteries in Leeds:[47] the Beth Hamedrash Hagadol cemetery, established 1955;[48] Hill Top Cemeteries, established 1875;[49] New Farnley Cemeteries, established 1896;[50] the United Hebrew Congregation Cemetery, established 1840;[51] and the Sinai Synagogue Cemetery, established in the 1950s.[52]

The New Farnley cemetery contains nine Commonwealth war graves of Jewish service personnel, two from World War I and seven from World War II,[53] with an additional World War II serviceman buried in the adjacent Louis Street Polish Jewish Cemetery.[54] The United Hebrew Congregation cemetery contains 18 Commonwealth war graves of Jewish service personnel: six from World War I and 12 from World War II.[55]

Charities and communal organisations Edit

The first Jewish friendly society was founded in 1852.[18] The Jewish Board of Guardians (est.1878) covered a range of activities, especially loans and grants in great numbers for immigrants to set up in business, or to continue on to North America.[18] The Leeds Jewish Welfare Board has provided aid since 1878.[56] The Leeds Jewish Housing Association has 500 homes.[57] The Leeds Jewish Institute was founded in 1896, and the Jewish Young Men's Association by 1901.[18][58] The Leeds Jewish Representative Council has been active since 1938.[59]

The first Leeds Jewish trade union dates from 1876.[8] The Amalgamated Jewish Tailors', Machinists' and Pressers' Union was officially founded in 1893, arising out of early organisations and strikes.[18]

Schools Edit

A Jews' Free School was founded in 1876, and Gower Street and other Board Schools in Leylands was effectively taken over by Jews by 1888.[58][18] Brodetsky Primary School, which dates from 1968,[60] and the secondary age Leeds Jewish Free School,[61] opened 2013, both in Alwoodley, are affiliated to Orthodox Judaism. The Menorah primary school in Sandhill Lane is affiliated to the Haredi Chabad Lubavitch movement.[62]

Businesses Edit

Leeds had long been a centre of the wool trade.[17] The first Jew in the Leeds mass wholesale tailoring business was Herman Friend around 1856.[6][17] Large numbers of men and women were employed in back-room cutting and sewing,[17] but not in the factory sector.[63] In the 1930s, Jewish factories employed refugees from Europe.[64] Jewish refugees also founded a law firm in Leeds in 1930.[65][66]

Anti-Semitism Edit

Mocking Jews in their sabbath clothes was once common-place in Leeds;[23] and some town cafes refused to serve them.[6][23] Violence culminated in the infamous riots of 1917 in the Leylands, destroying property and looting shops.[67] Job discrimination was one reason Jews changed their names. Later, they found it almost impossible to join local golf clubs, so in 1923, they set up their own.[6][3] Antisemitism continued in Leeds during the 1930s as refugees from Nazism arrived.[64] Mosley's fascists marched in Leeds in 1936 leading to the Battle of Holbeck Moor.[68]

Notable people Edit

Arts and entertainment Edit

Entrepreneurs and philanthropists Edit

Politicians and Activists Edit

Community leaders Edit

Military Edit

Holocaust witnesses and refugees Edit

  • Eugene Black (1928–2016). When he was a teenager, his family was murdered in Auschwitz. Surviving slave-labour in a V-2 rocket factory, and a forced march to Belsen, post-war he was a Marks & Spencers manager. In the 1990s he talked in schools."[163]
  • Lilian Black (1951–2020) she became chair of the Holocaust Survivors' Friendship Association and helped set up the Holocaust Exhibition and Learning Centre.[164]
  • Liesel Carter (born 1935) She escaped from Germany age four, unaccompanied, via Sweden and Norway, to a foster family in Leeds, and began to tell her story from 2005.[165]
  • John Chillag (1927–2009) Raised in Hungary, he survived Auschwitz, where many of his relatives were murdered, and a forced march to Buchenwald. In Leeds from 1962, he published his memoirs, and spoke to 25,000 young people.[166][167]
  • Ruth Grant (born 1928 Cologne) was five when the Nazis confiscated the family home and business. Witnessing the aftermath of Kristallnacht, she followed her brother to England, with a place on a Kindertransport. She has published her life-story.[168]
  • Leslie Hardman (1913–2008) minister at Chapeltown synagogue, as an Army chaplain entered Belsen in 1945. He supervised the burial of an estimated 20,000 victims. Broadcasting and writing thereafter he was an early Holocaust educator.[169]
  • Arek Hersh (born 1928) is a Leeds-based Holocaust educator, who survived the Łódz ghetto, four camps including Auschwitz, and a death march. He was one of the Windermere Children.[170]
  • Joseph Henry Levey (1881–1970) A veteran of the Boer War and WW1, on the eve of WW2 in 1939 he lobbied to evacuate Berlin's ORT School. Marching in his kilt into SS headquarters, saving many staff and students, he re-established and oversaw the school in Leeds.[171][172]
  • Martin Kapel (born 1930) experienced Nazism in Leipzig; expelled by the SS into Poland in the forest at night, he lived in an impoverished Hasidic community soon to be eradicated. After the Kindertransport and the Coventry Blitz, he heard that his mother alone remained of the extended family. He is a Holocaust educator.[173]
  • Helena Kennedy (1912–2006) A Budapest dressmaker, apprenticed at Paris' House of Chanel, she sewed for the orchestra in Auschwitz, and after a winter march to Belsen, for Nazi women.[174][175]
  • Iby Knill (1923–2022) was liberated from Auschwitz in 1945, and settled in Leeds, working for the Home Office. She has given talks and published her life story.[176]
  • David Makofski (1892–1973) was wounded in World-War I; in the 1930s he organised immigration and found work for refugees to Leeds, as chairman of the Leeds Jewish Refuge Committee.[177]
  • Rudi Leavor (1926–2021). Brought to Shipley from Germany in 1937, Rudi qualified at Leeds in dentistry. Cantor, Bradford Reform Synagogue Life President, 50-year member Leeds Philharmonic Choir, composer of cantatas, champion of Inter-faith relations, and Berlin Jewish Museum, he was also a Holocaust educator.[178]
  • Judith Rhodes (born 1953) of Leeds made a film and gives talks, in the UK and Germany, about her mother Ursula Michel's experiences, including the Kindertransport.[179]
  • Suzanne Ripton (born 1936) who lives in Leeds, hid during the war in Paris, into 1947, finding she had lost her parents in Auschwitz. She has shared her experiences.[180]
  • Trude Silman (born 1929) fled age nine before the Nazis invaded Czechoslovakia. She lives in Leeds, where for many years she ran the Holocaust Survivors Fellowship Association, and is now its Life President.[181]
  • Marguerite Simmons (born 1906), and son John Muller (born c. 1928) met Hitler in 1934.[182][183]
  • Ernst Simon (born 1930) experienced Kristallnacht, and arrived from Austria on the Kindertransport in 1939, followed by his family. He has been recognized for services to Holocaust Education.[184]
  • Heinz Skyte (1920–2020) was a refugee from Nazi Germany who pioneered the concept of sheltered housing in Leeds. Founder-chairman of the Holocaust Survivors Friendship Association, he frequently talked in schools.[185][186]

Sports Edit

  • Manny Cussins (1905–87) furniture magnate and philanthropist, chaired Leeds United 1972–83.[187][94]
  • Les Gaunt (1918–1985, aka Les Gaunt) Born in Leeds, he played as Right Back for Leeds United FC from the 1930s, with two England Schoolboy caps, and returned from war service in India. After 33 appearances, he left for Reading FC in 1947.[188]
  • Gerald Krasner (born 1949), an insolvency accountant and Leeds United-fan, became chairman and led the 2004 financial rescue of the club; thereafter he was a specialist in managing imminent football bankruptcies.[189]
  • Wilf Rosenberg (1934–2019), a South African Rugby Union international, made 81 appearances for Leeds RLFC, helping the club to its first championship 1960–1.[190]
  • Bernard Shooman (born 1935) is a former Rugby League referee.[191]

Physicians Edit

  • Saul Adler (1895–1966) was son to a Russian Rabbi in Leeds, studying medicine locally. As a wartime army doctor in Mesopotamia, after Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, he became the world authority on Leishmaniasis, Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1928–55.[192]
  • Major Myer Coplans (1879–1961). Demonstrator in bacteriology and public health at Leeds University, research on contamination and purification led him, in the First World War, to command the first mobile hygiene laboratory, with effective typhoid prevention in the field, and multiple European honours.[193]
  • Max Hamilton (1912–88) became Professor of Psychiatry at Leeds 1963–77; a pioneer in psychometrics, the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales are used worldwide.[194]
  • Augusta Landsman (1893–1966) Born in Leeds as Augusta Umanski, she was the first woman to qualify from Leeds Medical School, and later a pioneer of family planning and marriage guidance in London.[195]
  • Monty Losowsky (1931–2020) led the establishment of Europe's largest teaching hospital, St James's in Leeds. He qualified at Leeds, returning to be its specialist in liver disease and a professor of medicine and later Dean of the medical school.[196]
  • Ivor Meyer Quest (1928–93) a GP from Liverpool, became senior Police Surgeon in Leeds, and helped develop the Medical Protection Society.[197]
  • James Shapiro (born Leeds 1962) is a Canadian liver and pancreas surgeon known for the Edmonton protocol transplant for diabetes. Professor at the University of Alberta, among his awards are Hunterian Professorship at the Royal College of Surgeons.[198]
  • Alan Silman (born 1951) is an epidemiologist and rheumatologist, professor of Musculoskeletal Health at Oxford University. He chairs Appeal Panels for NICE and edits major textbooks.[199]
  • Arnold Sorsby (1900–80) was Polish-born, studied medicine at Leeds in 1929, to become a noted eye surgeon, geneticist and Government advisor.[200]
  • Maurice Sorsby (1898–1949) a physician at Leeds (1927), published widely, and organised pre-war medical relief for victims of Nazism.[200]
  • Moses Umanski (1862–1936) was a Russian army doctor who moved to Berlin, London and then Leeds (1892–1930), where he became superintendent of the Herzl-Moser hospital (1905–26). He founded the Leeds Hebrew Literary Society, the Leeds Zionist Association, in 1899 the English Zionist Federation, and the Zionist paper Dos Volk.[201]
  • Kurt Zinnemann (1908–88) Dismissed from his medical post by the Nazis, interrogated and imprisoned in Moscow, interned on the Isle of Man, he settled in Leeds, to become Professor of Bacteriology, world expert on Haemophilus infection, and leader in medical teaching.[202]

Lawyers Edit

Other professionals Edit

  • Basil Gillinson (1925–2001) studied at Leeds School of Architecture, and ran a practice in Leeds known for the Merrion Centre in Leeds, and many other landmark UK modernist leisure facilities.[215]
  • Joe Glucksmann (1912–70) headmaster of Woodhouse County Secondary School, and honorary life officer of Beth Hamedrash Hagad synagogue was recognized in the Queen's 1966 birthday honours.[48][216]

Academics Edit

  • Zygmunt Bauman (1925–2017) was a sociologist and philosopher, driven out by the 1968 Polish purge, who became Professor of Sociology at Leeds, later Emeritus. Bauman wrote on modernity and the Holocaust, postmodern consumerism, globalisation and morality. The University of Leeds established the Bauman Institute in his honour.[217]
  • Jeremy Baumberg (born 1967), is Professor of Nanoscience at Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory, Director of the Nanophotonics Centre, and also a science broadcaster. His awards include the Faraday Medal.[218]
  • Simon Baumberg (1940–2007) was professor of bacterial genetics at Leeds University, and among many roles, chair of the Medical Research Council Advisory Board; he was also an active participant in local Jewish communal life.[219]
  • Selig Brodetsky (1888–1954) was a Russian-born Professor of Mathematics at Leeds 1924–48,[220] a leading member of the World Zionist Organization, the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews, and the second president of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.[2][84]
  • Geoffrey Cantor (born 1943) is Professor Emeritus of the history of science at the Centre for Jewish Studies at Leeds, an expert on Judaism and 19th-century science.[221]
  • Julius B. Cohen (1859–1935) was born in Manchester; in Leeds from 1885 he was Professor of Organic chemistry 1904–24. As well as authoring organic chemistry textbooks, he campaigned against air pollution.[222]
  • Frank Felsenstein (born 1944, London) of the Leeds Centre for Jewish Studies, previously Reader in 18th century studies 1971–98 at Leeds.[223][224]
  • Eugene Grebenik (1919–2001) An expert on demography and professor of social studies at Leeds University 1954–70, he was the first principal of the Civil Service College, and president of the British Society for Population Studies.[225]
  • Erika Harris Her Slovakian parents survived Auschwitz and Sachsenhausen. She is an academic expert in European nationalism. She studied at Leeds University and became Professor of Politics at Liverpool University.[226]
  • Benedikt Isserlin (1916–2005) son of famous Munich psychiatrist Max Isserlin [de], headed the Department of Semitic Studies at Leeds University, where he worked for 30 years. An archaeologist and linguist, he excavated in North Africa and the Far East, including the Phoenician site in Motya.[227]
  • Walter Kellermann (1915–2012) Born to a Berlin Rabbi, he graduated in Vienna and escaped to England. He made a contribution to the Theory of Solids, before at Leeds from 1949, he led important work on cosmic rays (often out on the Pennines). He was involved in University administration, the Leeds Reform Jewish community, and the Fabian Society.[228][229]
  • Hyam Maccoby (1924–2004), scholar of Jewish and Christian tradition, was grandson of the Kamenitzer Maggid.[230] After war service librarian of Leo Baeck College, London, in retirement he joined the Centre for Jewish Studies, Leeds. He viewed Jesus as a mainstream Jewish messiah claimant, executed by the Romans, with Christianity entirely founded by Paul, a Hellenist. He wrote the play and film The Disputation.[231]
  • Aryeh Newman (1924–2020) Born in Leeds, went to Cambridge, was an Israeli scholar, expert on Judaica and linguistics, also an ordained rabbi. After working at the Jewish Agency, he joined the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and is known for translation of the writings of Nehama Leibowitz.[232]
  • Jonathan Newman is a filmmaker and writer, trained at the Northern Film School in Leeds, whose work includes the critically-acclaimed Foster, winner Best Feature film at the Rhode Island Film Festival.[233]
  • Griselda Pollock (born 1949) came to Leeds in 1997, professor of social and critical art history, and Director of the Centre for Cultural Analysis, Theory and History at Leeds University.[234]
  • Jay Prosser (born 1966) is reader in humanities at the University of Leeds, winner of the 2020 Rowley Prize for Empire's Loving Strangers, a biography that explores his Jewish family's experiences and connections across empires and centuries.[235]
  • Geoffrey Raisman (1939–2017), born to a Leeds tailor who worked for Burton's, attended Roundhay School, went to Oxford. He was a neuroscientist, who demonstrated the plasticity of nerve synapses and the mechanisms of nerve regeneration.[236]
  • Philip Saffman FRS (1931–2008) born in Leeds, educated at Roundhay Grammar School, studied at Cambridge, was a mathematician eventually at the California Institute of Technology; he was a world-leading figure in fluid mechanics and vortex dynamics.[237]
  • David A. Shapiro (born 1945), Professor of Psychology at Leeds University 1995–2006, son of Monte Shapiro, led the Sheffield-Leeds Psychotherapy Research Programme.[238][239]
  • Max Silverman (born c. 1957 London) is Professor of French, and Director of Research at Leeds School of Modern Languages since 2011. At Leeds since 1986, his interests cover contemporary French society, including post-Holocaust culture, and race and memory.[240]
  • Johanna Stiebert (born c. 1970 New Zealand), is Professor of Hebrew Bible at Leeds University.[241][242]
  • Geoffrey Wigoder (1922–99) born in Leeds, editor of the Encyclopaedia Judaica, professor, columnist and international broadcaster from Israel, writer on archaeology, and an advocate of Jewish-Christian dialogue.[243][244]

Community historians Edit

  • James Appell (born Leeds 1984), now a New York sports journalist, he has written about the Jews of Leeds, Britain and Eastern Europe.[245]
  • Joseph Buckman (born Leeds 1926) wrote about the politics of the class struggle amongst the Jews of Leeds.[246][247]
  • Murray Freedman (1928–2011) A Leeds dentist, he became a chronicler of his community, publishing extensively, with an MA at Leeds University. He was Leeds president of the Jewish Historical Society.[248][249]
  • Ernest Krausz (1931–2018) was son of a Leeds Rabbi, who conducted a pioneering survey on the Jews of Leeds. He became an Israeli Professor of Sociology, and Rector at Bar Ilan University.[250]
  • Aubrey Newman (1927–2005) was a Leeds-based academic historian, whose work includes Anglo-Jewry and the Holocaust.[251]
  • Louis Saipe (1896–1984) was a local Jewish historian in Leeds, and authored the play "They came to Leeds" around 1950.[252]

References Edit

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October 19, 2023
history, jews, leeds, been, suggested, that, this, article, should, split, into, articles, titled, list, jews, from, leeds, discuss, march, 2022, city, leeds, west, yorkshire, england, jewish, community, where, many, notable, people, originated, settled, they,. It has been suggested that this article should be split into articles titled History of the Jews in Leeds and List of Jews from Leeds discuss March 2022 The city of Leeds in West Yorkshire England has a Jewish community where many notable people originated or settled They have played a major part in the clothing trade the business professional and academic life of the City and the wider world The community numbers now less than 7 000 people 1 2 Contents 1 Demography 2 Development 2 1 Synagogues 2 2 Cemeteries 2 3 Charities and communal organisations 2 4 Schools 2 5 Businesses 2 6 Anti Semitism 3 Notable people 3 1 Arts and entertainment 3 2 Entrepreneurs and philanthropists 3 3 Politicians and Activists 3 4 Community leaders 3 5 Military 3 6 Holocaust witnesses and refugees 3 7 Sports 3 8 Physicians 3 9 Lawyers 3 10 Other professionals 3 11 Academics 3 12 Community historians 4 ReferencesDemography EditA community of nearly 60 Jews was present in Leeds by 1840 with their numbers rising to 219 by 1861 3 4 Around 1 000 were present prior to the increase in immigration from the Russian Empire starting in the early 1880s 5 In 1891 there were 8 000 Jews in Leeds with more than 6 000 in the Leylands area alone by 1901 6 7 The concentration of Jews in some areas was so great that Templar Street was described as like a continental Jewish ghetto in the Yiddish press 8 The population continued to rise in the early 20th century numbering 12 to 14 000 in 1901 and around 25 000 after 1914 6 5 With the addition from 1933 of refugees from Nazi Germany evacuees from the London Blitz and later Holocaust survivors the Leeds community may have peaked around 1945 to 1950 at 25 to 29 000 people 9 10 5 The population has since been in decline for many years despite arrivals from smaller regional communities 11 5 Steady emigration to Israel began post war and has continued 5 12 but during the 1970s Leeds still had the highest Jewish proportion of population of any British city 13 The 2011 UK census recorded 6 847 people reporting their religion as Jewish in the City of Leeds metropolitan district 0 9 of the district s population 14 In the Leeds built up area there were 6 136 1 3 of population 15 concentrated in areas such as Alwoodley ward 3 270 14 4 of population 16 Development EditThe first settlers in the 18th century were mainly German born 6 many were wool merchants attracted to this major industry of West Yorkshire The first marriage was recorded in 1842 6 Early residents included Lazarus Levi 3 The history of the community is closely linked with Hull which was connected by railway to Leeds from 1840 17 Most of those who settled in Leeds immigrated via the Humber ports of Hull 18 and Grimsby 6 and many lived in Hull or stayed temporarily 19 part of a migrant population mainly bound via Liverpool for America 18 6 As Leeds was a city undergoing economic expansion on this migration route and as Jews had tailoring experience or local contacts a sizeable community developed 18 5 Settlement was primarily in the poor Leylands district of Leeds 20 a low rent area which attracted immigrants 21 By the mid 1890s Leylands was predominantly Jewish 22 3 The great majority of Jewish immigrants in this period were Lithuanian Jews from within the Northern Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire 6 23 Jews worked in notoriously insanitary sweatshops as tailoring became the dominant trade 24 23 5 With the slum clearance of 1936 7 7 the Jews of Leeds moved northwards from the central Leylands area up around Chapeltown and then further into Moortown and Alwoodley 1 11 Many 1930s European refugees came to Leeds often well educated including in 1937 the ORT training school from Berlin 25 and in 1938 40 Kindertransport children 26 27 followed by later survivors of the Holocaust Before the war a local branch of the Association of Jewish Refugees was formed 28 and more recently the Leeds based Holocaust Survivors Fellowship Association 29 Synagogues Edit The first synagogue in Leeds opened in 1846 in a converted private house in Back Rockingham Street on the site of the current Merrion Centre In 1861 it was replaced by a purpose built building in Belgrave Street known as the Great Synagogue which closed in 1983 An office block was built on the site and the synagogue is commemorated by a blue plaque placed by Leeds Civic Trust in 1991 30 A synagogue in St John s Place New Briggate was opened in 1876 known as the Grinner Shul 31 32 It was replaced by the New Synagogue in Chapeltown Road of 1932 built in Byzantine style the building closed in 1985 and is now used by the Northern School of Contemporary Dance 33 The Vilna synagogue began in St Luke s Terrace and moved to Exmouth Street before 1885 It merged into the New Vilna Synagogue in 1955 at Harrogate Road 1973 91 and incorporated into the Etz Chaim synagogue 1994 also on Harrogate Road since 1982 34 Etz Chaim has its roots in the Leeds Jewish Workers Burial and Trading Society of 1899 the Psalms of David Congregation originally in Bridge Street in 1884 as well as the New Synagogue 35 The United Hebrew Congregation opened its current Shadwell Lane synagogue in 1986 incorporating congregations originally of the Great Synagogue New Synagogue New Leeds Congregation Chapeltown United Synagogue Louis Street Synagogue and the Moortown Synagogue of 1937 86 36 37 The Byron Street Polish synagogue was founded 1893 moving to Louis Street around 1933 38 it closed in 1974 39 Beth Hamedrash Hagadol synagogue Templar Street founded 1874 moved to Hope Street in 1886 Newton Road Chapeltown in 1937 and its present building in Street Lane Moortown in 1969 40 Shomrei Hadass Synagogue is the centre for strictly orthodox Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic Judaism in Leeds 41 42 The Sinai Synagogue in Roundhay Leeds was established as a congregation in 1944 and is affiliated to Reform Judaism 43 A new building was opened in 1960 44 Cemeteries Edit The first Jewish cemetery in Leeds was opened in 1837 45 with local Jews previously having been buried in nearby Hull 46 There are today five Jewish cemeteries in Leeds 47 the Beth Hamedrash Hagadol cemetery established 1955 48 Hill Top Cemeteries established 1875 49 New Farnley Cemeteries established 1896 50 the United Hebrew Congregation Cemetery established 1840 51 and the Sinai Synagogue Cemetery established in the 1950s 52 The New Farnley cemetery contains nine Commonwealth war graves of Jewish service personnel two from World War I and seven from World War II 53 with an additional World War II serviceman buried in the adjacent Louis Street Polish Jewish Cemetery 54 The United Hebrew Congregation cemetery contains 18 Commonwealth war graves of Jewish service personnel six from World War I and 12 from World War II 55 Charities and communal organisations Edit The first Jewish friendly society was founded in 1852 18 The Jewish Board of Guardians est 1878 covered a range of activities especially loans and grants in great numbers for immigrants to set up in business or to continue on to North America 18 The Leeds Jewish Welfare Board has provided aid since 1878 56 The Leeds Jewish Housing Association has 500 homes 57 The Leeds Jewish Institute was founded in 1896 and the Jewish Young Men s Association by 1901 18 58 The Leeds Jewish Representative Council has been active since 1938 59 The first Leeds Jewish trade union dates from 1876 8 The Amalgamated Jewish Tailors Machinists and Pressers Union was officially founded in 1893 arising out of early organisations and strikes 18 Schools Edit A Jews Free School was founded in 1876 and Gower Street and other Board Schools in Leylands was effectively taken over by Jews by 1888 58 18 Brodetsky Primary School which dates from 1968 60 and the secondary age Leeds Jewish Free School 61 opened 2013 both in Alwoodley are affiliated to Orthodox Judaism The Menorah primary school in Sandhill Lane is affiliated to the Haredi Chabad Lubavitch movement 62 Businesses Edit Leeds had long been a centre of the wool trade 17 The first Jew in the Leeds mass wholesale tailoring business was Herman Friend around 1856 6 17 Large numbers of men and women were employed in back room cutting and sewing 17 but not in the factory sector 63 In the 1930s Jewish factories employed refugees from Europe 64 Jewish refugees also founded a law firm in Leeds in 1930 65 66 Anti Semitism Edit This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it December 2021 Mocking Jews in their sabbath clothes was once common place in Leeds 23 and some town cafes refused to serve them 6 23 Violence culminated in the infamous riots of 1917 in the Leylands destroying property and looting shops 67 Job discrimination was one reason Jews changed their names Later they found it almost impossible to join local golf clubs so in 1923 they set up their own 6 3 Antisemitism continued in Leeds during the 1930s as refugees from Nazism arrived 64 Mosley s fascists marched in Leeds in 1936 leading to the Battle of Holbeck Moor 68 Notable people EditArts and entertainment Edit Alec Baron 1913 91 filmmaker playwright founder of the Leeds Playhouse 69 70 Janina Bauman 1926 2009 journalist writer survivor of the Warsaw Ghetto 71 72 Jeff Christie born 1946 lead singer and songwriter of Christie 73 Eta Cohen 1916 2012 violinist and teacher 74 Jeremy Dyson born 1966 author and screenwriter 75 Gaynor Faye born 1971 actress and writer best known for roles in Coronation Street and Emmerdale 76 Jason Feddy born 1966 musician and cantor 77 78 Louise Finlay 1971 2014 head celebrity journalist for French weekly magazine Elle 79 80 81 Paula Froelich born 1973 journalist and author of Mercury in Retrograde citation needed Mark Knopfler born 1949 singer songwriter and guitarist of Dire Straits 82 83 Jacob Kramer 1892 1962 Ukrainian born painter based in Leeds 84 James Lascelles born 1953 musician who co founded the Global Village Trucking Company 85 Sam Lee born 1980 award winning singer and songwriter 86 Elliot Levey born 1973 theatre actor 87 88 Judith Levin born 1936 landscape and still life artist 89 Kay Mellor born 1951 writer and director 90 91 Philip Naviasky 1894 1983 artist in watercolour and oils 92 Ann Rachlin born 1933 musician children s author awarded the MBE for her work with deaf children 93 Michael Roll born 1946 pianist first winner of the Leeds International Piano Competition 94 95 Bernard Schottlander 1924 99 German born sculptor based in Leeds 96 Samantha Simmonds born 1972 1973 news anchor for Sky News and BBC News 97 Barry Simmons born 1948 quiz show contestant on Eggheads and Brain of Britain 98 Marion Stein 1926 2014 Countess of Harewood co founder of Leeds International Piano Competition 99 Frankie Vaughan 1928 99 singer and actor best known for Give Me the Moonlight Give Me the Girl 100 Fanny Waterman 1920 2020 pianist founder and director of the Leeds International Piano Competition president of the Harrogate International Music Festival 101 102 Wendy Waterman born 1944 pianist 103 Joash Woodrow 1927 2006 reclusive artist 104 105 Tamar Yellin born 1963 author winner of the 2007 Sami Rohr Prize 106 Entrepreneurs and philanthropists Edit Phillip Abrahams 1907 82 industrialist and Zionist Chevalier of the Order of Leopold II 107 Montague Burton 1885 1952 founder of Burton Menswear 108 Barbara Cline born 1935 volunteer for multiple charities 109 110 Manny Cussins 1905 87 businessman chairman of Leeds United F C 111 112 Henrietta Diamond 1876 1958 founded Herzl Moser Hospital and the Leeds Ladies Zionist Association forerunner to the Women s International Zionist Organisation 113 Colin Glass born 1943 Chairman of UK Israel Business 114 115 Paul Hirsch 1834 1908 Leeds first Jewish Magistrate 116 John D Jackson 1933 2013 vice chairman of the Leeds Development Corporation High Sheriff of West Yorkshire 117 118 Clive Labovitch 1932 94 co founder of Haymarket Media Group and its magazines Management Today and Publishing News 119 Neville Labovitch 1927 2002 businessman philanthropist awarded the MBE for his work on the Silver Jubilee Exhibition 120 Trevor Lyttleton born 1936 founder of the charity Contact the Elderly 121 122 123 George Lyttleton 1904 90 founder of Jewish day schools in Leeds and London 122 Jack Lyons 1916 2008 businessman and philanthropist convicted in the Guinness share trading fraud 124 Michael Marks 1859 1907 entrepreneur co founder of Marks amp Spencer 125 Simon Marks 1st Baron Marks of Broughton 1888 1964 businessman 126 Simon Morris born 1977 businessman director of Leeds United convicted on charges of blackmail 127 Lloyd Rakusen 1881 1944 founder of Rakusen s 128 Leslie Silver 1925 2014 paint manufacturer chairman of Leeds United F C 129 Esther Simpson 1903 96 assisted refugees before and during World War II 130 Harris Sumrie 1866 1951 founder of C and M Sumrie Ltd 131 Arnold Ziff 1927 2004 property magnate philanthropist High Sheriff of West Yorkshire 1991 2 132 Politicians and Activists Edit Irwin Bellow 1923 2001 Leader of Leeds City Council 1975 9 served as Margaret Thatcher s Minister of State for Environment Local Government 1983 4 133 Judith Chapman Lord Mayor of Leeds 2015 6 134 135 Karl Cohen 1908 73 City Alderman advocate for slum clearance 136 Jack Diamond 1907 2004 Labour and Social Democratic Party MP for Gloucester and Manchester Blackley Chief Secretary to the Treasury member of the House of Lords 137 Ronald Feldman Lord Mayor of Leeds 1991 2 citation needed Joseph Finn 1865 1945 trade unionist 8 Joyce Gould Baroness Gould of Potternewton born 1932 trade unionist Labour activist member of the House of Lords 138 Fabian Hamilton born 1955 Labour MP for Leeds North East Shadow Minister for Peace and Disarmament 139 Keith Joseph 1918 94 Conservative MP for Leeds North East 140 Gerald Kaufman 1930 2017 Labour MP Minister of State for Industry Father of the House of Commons 141 Edward Lyons 1926 2010 Labour and Social Democratic Party MP for Bradford East and Bradford West 142 Hyman Morris 1873 1955 magistrate Lord Mayor of Leeds 1941 42 143 Jeremy Raisman 1892 1978 administrator in the government of British India 144 Bert Ramelson 1910 94 industrial organiser for the Communist Party of Great Britain 145 Moses Sclare 1867 1949 secretary of the Leeds Jewish Tailors Machinists and Pressers Union 146 Alex Sobel born 1975 Labour MP for Leeds North West shadow Minister for Nature Water and Flooding 147 Martha Steinitz 1889 1966 pacifist Berlin secretary of War Resisters International 148 Joshua Solomon Walsh 1902 84 Lord Mayor of Leeds 1966 7 149 Community leaders Edit Joshua Abelson 1873 1940 minister of the Leeds Great synagogue writer on Jewish Mysticism 150 151 Albert Chait born 1986 Rabbi recognized in 2022 New Year s Honours for services to the Jewish Community and to charity in West Yorkshire 152 Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog 1888 1959 first Chief Rabbi of Ireland Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Mandatory Palestine and first Chief Rabbi of Israel 153 Yehuda Refson 1946 2020 Rabbi head of the Leeds Beth din 154 Meir Rekhavi born 1962 founder and first chancellor of Karaite Jewish University Hakham of Karaite Jews of Europe member of the Karaite Religious Council in Israel 155 Pat Solk 1924 2008 charity volunteer President of Age Concern Leeds chair of Leeds Council for Voluntary Service and Leeds Eastern Health Authority 156 Arthur Saul Super 1908 79 Rabbi wartime Army chaplain chief editorial writer of The Jerusalem Post 157 Military Edit Julius Diamond 1896 1917 Lieutenant 7th Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps awarded the Military Cross for conspicuous gallantry 158 159 Walter Lubelski 1886 1919 awarded the Military Cross for service in World War I 160 161 Jack White 1896 1949 awarded the Victoria Cross for most conspicuous bravery and resource 162 Holocaust witnesses and refugees Edit Eugene Black 1928 2016 When he was a teenager his family was murdered in Auschwitz Surviving slave labour in a V 2 rocket factory and a forced march to Belsen post war he was a Marks amp Spencers manager In the 1990s he talked in schools 163 Lilian Black 1951 2020 she became chair of the Holocaust Survivors Friendship Association and helped set up the Holocaust Exhibition and Learning Centre 164 Liesel Carter born 1935 She escaped from Germany age four unaccompanied via Sweden and Norway to a foster family in Leeds and began to tell her story from 2005 165 John Chillag 1927 2009 Raised in Hungary he survived Auschwitz where many of his relatives were murdered and a forced march to Buchenwald In Leeds from 1962 he published his memoirs and spoke to 25 000 young people 166 167 Ruth Grant born 1928 Cologne was five when the Nazis confiscated the family home and business Witnessing the aftermath of Kristallnacht she followed her brother to England with a place on a Kindertransport She has published her life story 168 Leslie Hardman 1913 2008 minister at Chapeltown synagogue as an Army chaplain entered Belsen in 1945 He supervised the burial of an estimated 20 000 victims Broadcasting and writing thereafter he was an early Holocaust educator 169 Arek Hersh born 1928 is a Leeds based Holocaust educator who survived the Lodz ghetto four camps including Auschwitz and a death march He was one of the Windermere Children 170 Joseph Henry Levey 1881 1970 A veteran of the Boer War and WW1 on the eve of WW2 in 1939 he lobbied to evacuate Berlin s ORT School Marching in his kilt into SS headquarters saving many staff and students he re established and oversaw the school in Leeds 171 172 Martin Kapel born 1930 experienced Nazism in Leipzig expelled by the SS into Poland in the forest at night he lived in an impoverished Hasidic community soon to be eradicated After the Kindertransport and the Coventry Blitz he heard that his mother alone remained of the extended family He is a Holocaust educator 173 Helena Kennedy 1912 2006 A Budapest dressmaker apprenticed at Paris House of Chanel she sewed for the orchestra in Auschwitz and after a winter march to Belsen for Nazi women 174 175 Iby Knill 1923 2022 was liberated from Auschwitz in 1945 and settled in Leeds working for the Home Office She has given talks and published her life story 176 David Makofski 1892 1973 was wounded in World War I in the 1930s he organised immigration and found work for refugees to Leeds as chairman of the Leeds Jewish Refuge Committee 177 Rudi Leavor 1926 2021 Brought to Shipley from Germany in 1937 Rudi qualified at Leeds in dentistry Cantor Bradford Reform Synagogue Life President 50 year member Leeds Philharmonic Choir composer of cantatas champion of Inter faith relations and Berlin Jewish Museum he was also a Holocaust educator 178 Judith Rhodes born 1953 of Leeds made a film and gives talks in the UK and Germany about her mother Ursula Michel s experiences including the Kindertransport 179 Suzanne Ripton born 1936 who lives in Leeds hid during the war in Paris into 1947 finding she had lost her parents in Auschwitz She has shared her experiences 180 Trude Silman born 1929 fled age nine before the Nazis invaded Czechoslovakia She lives in Leeds where for many years she ran the Holocaust Survivors Fellowship Association and is now its Life President 181 Marguerite Simmons born 1906 and son John Muller born c 1928 met Hitler in 1934 182 183 Ernst Simon born 1930 experienced Kristallnacht and arrived from Austria on the Kindertransport in 1939 followed by his family He has been recognized for services to Holocaust Education 184 Heinz Skyte 1920 2020 was a refugee from Nazi Germany who pioneered the concept of sheltered housing in Leeds Founder chairman of the Holocaust Survivors Friendship Association he frequently talked in schools 185 186 Sports Edit Manny Cussins 1905 87 furniture magnate and philanthropist chaired Leeds United 1972 83 187 94 Les Gaunt 1918 1985 aka Les Gaunt Born in Leeds he played as Right Back for Leeds United FC from the 1930s with two England Schoolboy caps and returned from war service in India After 33 appearances he left for Reading FC in 1947 188 Gerald Krasner born 1949 an insolvency accountant and Leeds United fan became chairman and led the 2004 financial rescue of the club thereafter he was a specialist in managing imminent football bankruptcies 189 Wilf Rosenberg 1934 2019 a South African Rugby Union international made 81 appearances for Leeds RLFC helping the club to its first championship 1960 1 190 Bernard Shooman born 1935 is a former Rugby League referee 191 Physicians Edit Saul Adler 1895 1966 was son to a Russian Rabbi in Leeds studying medicine locally As a wartime army doctor in Mesopotamia after Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine he became the world authority on Leishmaniasis Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1928 55 192 Major Myer Coplans 1879 1961 Demonstrator in bacteriology and public health at Leeds University research on contamination and purification led him in the First World War to command the first mobile hygiene laboratory with effective typhoid prevention in the field and multiple European honours 193 Max Hamilton 1912 88 became Professor of Psychiatry at Leeds 1963 77 a pioneer in psychometrics the Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales are used worldwide 194 Augusta Landsman 1893 1966 Born in Leeds as Augusta Umanski she was the first woman to qualify from Leeds Medical School and later a pioneer of family planning and marriage guidance in London 195 Monty Losowsky 1931 2020 led the establishment of Europe s largest teaching hospital St James s in Leeds He qualified at Leeds returning to be its specialist in liver disease and a professor of medicine and later Dean of the medical school 196 Ivor Meyer Quest 1928 93 a GP from Liverpool became senior Police Surgeon in Leeds and helped develop the Medical Protection Society 197 James Shapiro born Leeds 1962 is a Canadian liver and pancreas surgeon known for the Edmonton protocol transplant for diabetes Professor at the University of Alberta among his awards are Hunterian Professorship at the Royal College of Surgeons 198 Alan Silman born 1951 is an epidemiologist and rheumatologist professor of Musculoskeletal Health at Oxford University He chairs Appeal Panels for NICE and edits major textbooks 199 Arnold Sorsby 1900 80 was Polish born studied medicine at Leeds in 1929 to become a noted eye surgeon geneticist and Government advisor 200 Maurice Sorsby 1898 1949 a physician at Leeds 1927 published widely and organised pre war medical relief for victims of Nazism 200 Moses Umanski 1862 1936 was a Russian army doctor who moved to Berlin London and then Leeds 1892 1930 where he became superintendent of the Herzl Moser hospital 1905 26 He founded the Leeds Hebrew Literary Society the Leeds Zionist Association in 1899 the English Zionist Federation and the Zionist paper Dos Volk 201 Kurt Zinnemann 1908 88 Dismissed from his medical post by the Nazis interrogated and imprisoned in Moscow interned on the Isle of Man he settled in Leeds to become Professor of Bacteriology world expert on Haemophilus infection and leader in medical teaching 202 Lawyers Edit Sue Baker senior Magistrate 203 Stanley Berwin 1926 88 lawyer founder of firms Berwin amp Co and SJ Berwin director at NM Rothschild bank deputy chairman at British Land 204 Barrington Black born 1932 member of the Supreme Court of Gibraltar 205 Arthur Sigismund Diamond 1897 1978 Master of the Supreme Court 206 John Dyson Lord Dyson born 1943 Justice of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom 207 Neil Franklin born 1948 longest serving Chief Crown Prosecutor for England up to 2011 208 209 Martin Goldman born 1964 Chief Crown Prosecutor for North West England 210 Alter Max Hurwitz 1889 1970 barrister named in the Nazi black book of 1940 211 Jerry Pearlman 1933 2018 solicitor national Vice President of the Ramblers advocate for the right to roam 212 Julius Stone 1907 1985 international law professor in Australia 213 Marilyn Stowe born 1957 lawyer specialising in family law 214 Other professionals Edit Basil Gillinson 1925 2001 studied at Leeds School of Architecture and ran a practice in Leeds known for the Merrion Centre in Leeds and many other landmark UK modernist leisure facilities 215 Joe Glucksmann 1912 70 headmaster of Woodhouse County Secondary School and honorary life officer of Beth Hamedrash Hagad synagogue was recognized in the Queen s 1966 birthday honours 48 216 Academics Edit Zygmunt Bauman 1925 2017 was a sociologist and philosopher driven out by the 1968 Polish purge who became Professor of Sociology at Leeds later Emeritus Bauman wrote on modernity and the Holocaust postmodern consumerism globalisation and morality The University of Leeds established the Bauman Institute in his honour 217 Jeremy Baumberg born 1967 is Professor of Nanoscience at Cambridge University s Cavendish Laboratory Director of the Nanophotonics Centre and also a science broadcaster His awards include the Faraday Medal 218 Simon Baumberg 1940 2007 was professor of bacterial genetics at Leeds University and among many roles chair of the Medical Research Council Advisory Board he was also an active participant in local Jewish communal life 219 Selig Brodetsky 1888 1954 was a Russian born Professor of Mathematics at Leeds 1924 48 220 a leading member of the World Zionist Organization the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the second president of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem 2 84 Geoffrey Cantor born 1943 is Professor Emeritus of the history of science at the Centre for Jewish Studies at Leeds an expert on Judaism and 19th century science 221 Julius B Cohen 1859 1935 was born in Manchester in Leeds from 1885 he was Professor of Organic chemistry 1904 24 As well as authoring organic chemistry textbooks he campaigned against air pollution 222 Frank Felsenstein born 1944 London of the Leeds Centre for Jewish Studies previously Reader in 18th century studies 1971 98 at Leeds 223 224 Eugene Grebenik 1919 2001 An expert on demography and professor of social studies at Leeds University 1954 70 he was the first principal of the Civil Service College and president of the British Society for Population Studies 225 Erika Harris Her Slovakian parents survived Auschwitz and Sachsenhausen She is an academic expert in European nationalism She studied at Leeds University and became Professor of Politics at Liverpool University 226 Benedikt Isserlin 1916 2005 son of famous Munich psychiatrist Max Isserlin de headed the Department of Semitic Studies at Leeds University where he worked for 30 years An archaeologist and linguist he excavated in North Africa and the Far East including the Phoenician site in Motya 227 Walter Kellermann 1915 2012 Born to a Berlin Rabbi he graduated in Vienna and escaped to England He made a contribution to the Theory of Solids before at Leeds from 1949 he led important work on cosmic rays often out on the Pennines He was involved in University administration the Leeds Reform Jewish community and the Fabian Society 228 229 Hyam Maccoby 1924 2004 scholar of Jewish and Christian tradition was grandson of the Kamenitzer Maggid 230 After war service librarian of Leo Baeck College London in retirement he joined the Centre for Jewish Studies Leeds He viewed Jesus as a mainstream Jewish messiah claimant executed by the Romans with Christianity entirely founded by Paul a Hellenist He wrote the play and film The Disputation 231 Aryeh Newman 1924 2020 Born in Leeds went to Cambridge was an Israeli scholar expert on Judaica and linguistics also an ordained rabbi After working at the Jewish Agency he joined the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and is known for translation of the writings of Nehama Leibowitz 232 Jonathan Newman is a filmmaker and writer trained at the Northern Film School in Leeds whose work includes the critically acclaimed Foster winner Best Feature film at the Rhode Island Film Festival 233 Griselda Pollock born 1949 came to Leeds in 1997 professor of social and critical art history and Director of the Centre for Cultural Analysis Theory and History at Leeds University 234 Jay Prosser born 1966 is reader in humanities at the University of Leeds winner of the 2020 Rowley Prize for Empire s Loving Strangers a biography that explores his Jewish family s experiences and connections across empires and centuries 235 Geoffrey Raisman 1939 2017 born to a Leeds tailor who worked for Burton s attended Roundhay School went to Oxford He was a neuroscientist who demonstrated the plasticity of nerve synapses and the mechanisms of nerve regeneration 236 Philip Saffman FRS 1931 2008 born in Leeds educated at Roundhay Grammar School studied at Cambridge was a mathematician eventually at the California Institute of Technology he was a world leading figure in fluid mechanics and vortex dynamics 237 David A Shapiro born 1945 Professor of Psychology at Leeds University 1995 2006 son of Monte Shapiro led the Sheffield Leeds Psychotherapy Research Programme 238 239 Max Silverman born c 1957 London is Professor of French and Director of Research at Leeds School of Modern Languages since 2011 At Leeds since 1986 his interests cover contemporary French society including post Holocaust culture and race and memory 240 Johanna Stiebert born c 1970 New Zealand is Professor of Hebrew Bible at Leeds University 241 242 Geoffrey Wigoder 1922 99 born in Leeds editor of the Encyclopaedia Judaica professor columnist and international broadcaster from Israel writer on archaeology and an advocate of Jewish Christian dialogue 243 244 Community historians Edit James Appell born Leeds 1984 now a New York sports journalist he has written about the Jews of Leeds Britain and Eastern Europe 245 Joseph Buckman born Leeds 1926 wrote about the politics of the class struggle amongst the Jews of Leeds 246 247 Murray Freedman 1928 2011 A Leeds dentist he became a chronicler of his community publishing extensively with an MA at Leeds University He was Leeds president of the Jewish Historical Society 248 249 Ernest Krausz 1931 2018 was son of a Leeds Rabbi who conducted a pioneering survey on the Jews of Leeds He became an Israeli Professor of Sociology and Rector at Bar Ilan University 250 Aubrey Newman 1927 2005 was a Leeds based academic historian whose work includes Anglo Jewry and the Holocaust 251 Louis Saipe 1896 1984 was a local Jewish historian in Leeds and authored the play They came to Leeds around 1950 252 References Edit a b JCR UK Leeds Jewish Community amp Synagogues West Yorkshire UK www jewishgen org Retrieved 26 December 2021 a b Leeds and its Jewish community a history Derek Fraser Manchester 2019 ISBN 978 1 5261 2309 1 OCLC 1091191287 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link CS1 maint others link a b c d Jolles Michael Rubinstein Hilary L Rubinstein W D 2011 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan p 558 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 Freedman Murray 1993 Leeds Jewish Community The Early Years Shemot 1 2 11 12 Retrieved 15 January 2022 a b c d e f g Grizzard Nigel 2019 Demographic the Jewsih population of Leeds how many Jews In Leeds and its Jewish community a history Ed Derek Fraser Manchester pp 35 46 ISBN 978 1 5261 2309 1 OCLC 1091191287 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link a b c d e f g h i j Freedman Murray History Leeds Trails Anglo Jewish History JTrails org uk www jtrails org uk Retrieved 26 December 2021 a b Places of interest Leeds Trails Anglo Jewish History JTrails org uk www jtrails org uk Retrieved 27 December 2021 a b c Kershen Anne J 2019 Pragmatism or politics Leeds Jewish tailors and Leeds Jewish tailoring trade unions 1876 1915 In Leeds and its Jewish community a history Ed Derek Fraser Derek Fraser Manchester pp 83 99 ISBN 978 1 5261 2309 1 OCLC 1091191287 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link The Jewish Year Book London 1950 Synagogues and Communal Organizations in Leeds Jewish Miscellanies 6 September 2021 Retrieved 25 January 2022 Parkes James Freedman Maurice Neustatter Hannah 1955 A Minority in Britain Social Studies of the Anglo Jewish Community Vallentine Mitchell a b History Leeds Trails Anglo Jewish History JTrails org uk www jtrails org uk Retrieved 26 December 2021 Fraser Derek 2019 Introduction In Leeds and its Jewish community a history Fraser Derek Ed Manchester pp 1 6 ISBN 978 1 5261 2309 1 OCLC 1091191287 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Jolles Michael Rubinstein Hilary L Rubinstein W D 2011 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan p 559 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 UK Census 2011 Local Area Report Leeds Local Authority E08000035 Nomis Office for National Statistics Retrieved 27 December 2021 UK Census 2011 Local Area Report Leeds Built up area sub division E35001333 Nomis Office for National Statistics Retrieved 27 December 2021 UK Census 2011 Local Area Report Alwoodley Ward as of 2011 E05001412 Nomis Office for National Statistics Retrieved 27 December 2021 a b c d Fraser Derek 2019 Local Leeds in the age of great cities In Leeds and its Jewish community a history Derek Fraser Manchester pp 23 34 ISBN 978 1 5261 2309 1 OCLC 1091191287 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link a b c d e f g h JCR UK Rise and Integration of Leeds Jewry 1860 1901 by Rosalind O Brien Provincial Jewry in Victorian Britain www jewishgen org Retrieved 26 December 2021 FINESTEIN ISRAEL 1996 The Jews in Hull between 1766 and 1880 Jewish Historical Studies 35 33 91 ISSN 0962 9696 JSTOR 29779979 Himelfield Dave 24 October 2021 Leeds poverty stricken Jewish slums and how they eventually disappeared LeedsLive Retrieved 27 December 2021 History Leeds Trails Anglo Jewish History JTrails org uk www jtrails org uk Retrieved 3 January 2022 Connell John 1981 The Jewish Ghetto In Nineteenth Century Leeds A Case of Urban Involution Urban Anthropology 10 1 1 26 ISSN 0363 2024 JSTOR 40552943 a b c d Appell James 2019 Jews as Yorkshiremen Jewish identity in late Victorian Leeds In Leeds and its Jewish community A history Edited by DEREK FRASER Manchester University Press pp 49 62 Burt Steven 2002 The illustrated history of Leeds Kevin Grady New ed 2nd ed ed Derby England Breedon Books Pub Co ISBN 1 85983 316 0 OCLC 59463398 Leggett Ruth 1999 News from the Groups Association of Jewish Refugees Information Vol 54 no 7 p 8 https ajr org uk wp content uploads 2018 02 1999 july pdf Vellins Ian 2019 The Second World War In Leeds and its Jewish community Ed Derek Fraser Manchester Manchester University Press pp 149 72 ISBN 9781526123107 Brooke Sam 1 September 2021 When Yorkshire banded together to bring child refugees to safety YorkshireLive Retrieved 21 January 2022 You are being redirected ajr org uk Retrieved 15 January 2022 About The Holocaust Exhibition and Learning Centre Retrieved 16 January 2022 Belgrave Street United Hebrew Congregation UHC Shadwell Lane Retrieved 27 December 2021 New Briggate Synagogue United Hebrew Congregation UHC Shadwell Lane Retrieved 2 January 2022 JCR UK New Briggate Synagogue Grinner Shul closed Leeds Yorkshire England www jewishgen org Retrieved 2 January 2022 Chapeltown Road United Hebrew Congregation UHC Shadwell Lane Retrieved 27 December 2021 JCR UK JCR UK Etz Chaim Synagogue Leeds Yorkshire England www jewishgen org Retrieved 2 January 2022 Etz Chaim Synagogue History of the Congregation www etzchaim co uk Retrieved 2 January 2022 Moortown Synagogue United Hebrew Congregation UHC Shadwell Lane Retrieved 2 January 2022 JCR UK United Hebrew Congregation Synagogue Leeds West Yorkshire England www jewishgen org Retrieved 2 January 2022 New 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Cemeteries www jewishgen org Retrieved 30 December 2021 JCR UK Leeds Cemetery Project New Farnley Cemeteries www jewishgen org Retrieved 30 December 2021 JCR UK Leeds Cemetery Project UHC Cemetery www jewishgen org Retrieved 30 December 2021 JCR UK Leeds Cemetery Project Sinai Cemetery www jewishgen org Retrieved 30 December 2021 Leeds New Farnley Jewish Cemetery cwgc org Retrieved 5 February 2022 Cemetery Report Leeds Louis Street Polish Jewish Cemetery CWGC org Retrieved 5 February 2022 Cemetery Report Leeds Gelderd Road English Hebrew Cemetery CWGC org Retrieved 5 February 2022 Cemetery Report About LJWB Leeds Jewish Welfare Board ljwb co uk Retrieved 3 January 2022 Our History amp Culture Leeds Jewish Housing Association Retrieved 3 January 2022 a b JCR UK Leeds Intro Provincial Jewry in Victorian Britain Papers by Aubrey Newman www jewishgen org Retrieved 26 December 2021 About Us Leeds Jewish Representative Council LJRC Retrieved 3 January 2022 Leeds Gets State Aided School Association of Jewish Refugees Information 1968 Vol 23 no 8 p3 https ajr org uk wp content uploads 2018 02 1968 august pdf The Leeds Jewish Free School gov uk www get information schools service gov uk Retrieved 2 January 2022 HOME Leeds Menorah School Retrieved 7 March 2022 Honeyman Katrina 2000 Well suited a history of the Leeds clothing industry 1850 1990 Oxford Pasold Research Fund p 18 ISBN 0 19 920237 0 OCLC 43798546 a b McKay Diane 2019 Uncovering Yorkshire s Schindler pp12 3 Association of Jewish Refugees Journal Vol 19 no2 https ajr org uk wp content uploads 2019 02 5904 AJR Journal Feb 2019 FINAL pdf About Us Henry Hyams Solicitors Leeds Retrieved 14 January 2022 Bergen Amanda 2005 Making a New Life Education PDF Association of Jewish Refugees Journal Vol 5 no 11 p 1 Gilam Abraham 1981 The Leeds Anti Jewish Riots 1917 Jewish Quarterly 29 1 34 7 doi 10 1080 0449010X 1981 10704824 inactive 1 August 2023 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint DOI inactive as of August 2023 link Bergen Amanda 2000 Leeds Jewry 1930 1939 the challenge of anti Semitism Thoresby Society Leeds Thoresby Society ISBN 0 900741 57 0 OCLC 51001162 Children s Party Yorkshire Film Archive Retrieved 2 January 2022 Alec Baron archive compiled by Baron relating to theatrical life in Leeds from the late 1920s to the 1950s principally Leeds Unity Theatre supplemented by material relating to Leeds Film Theatre and world cinema Library University of Leeds explore library leeds ac uk Retrieved 2 January 2022 Janina Bauman Prize The Bauman Institute baumaninstitute leeds ac uk Retrieved 4 January 2022 Bauman Lydia 26 January 2010 Janina Bauman obituary The Guardian Retrieved 4 January 2022 How I wrote Yellow River by Christie Songwriting Magazine 16 June 2020 Retrieved 11 January 2022 Smith Hazel 10 December 2012 Eta Cohen obituary The Guardian Retrieved 29 December 2021 Jeremy Dyson Leeds writer in literary spotlight Yorkshire Evening Post 14 July 2010 English Paul Gaynor Faye on her decision to go back to college and train as counsellor The Sunday Post Retrieved 27 December 2021 Jason Feddy Jason Feddy Retrieved 29 January 2022 Meet Laguna s King and Queen of the Sunday Internet Laguna Beach Local News 16 October 2020 Retrieved 29 January 2022 Fisher John 16 May 2014 Louise Finlay Jewish Chronicle L activite de Louise Finlay elle fr in French Retrieved 28 January 2022 JCR UK Leeds Cemetery Project 2011 2018 www jewishgen org Retrieved 28 January 2022 Mark Knopfler Welcome to MK News Retrieved 1 January 2022 Timeline MarkKnopfler com www markknopfler com Retrieved 1 January 2022 a b Silver Bernard 2000 Three Jewish Giants of Leeds Professor Selig Brodetsky Sir Montague Burton amp Jacob Kramer Jewish Historical Society of England Leeds Branch Christy Global Village Trucking Co Psychedelicized Retrieved 17 January 2022 Interview Folk singer and song collector Sam Lee The State of the Arts Retrieved 31 January 2022 Elliot Leavey on growing up Jewish in Leeds becoming an actor and Tom Hiddleston s pants www yorkshireeveningpost co uk 27 June 2016 Retrieved 4 January 2022 Elliot Levey United Agents Step into the Yorkshire moors and the wonderful world of Leeds artist Judith Levin www yorkshirepost co uk 11 January 2020 Retrieved 4 January 2022 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 659 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Kay Mellor www jewishlivesproject com Retrieved 31 January 2022 Second Notice The portraits and more particularly by Mr Philip Naviasky are the outstanding features the Yorkshire Union s show at Leeds They compel attention by their extraordinary vividness and certain clear cut quality Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer 24 October 1921 Ann Rachlin Retrieved 29 January 2022 a b Manny Cussins Foundation www charitychoice co uk Retrieved 27 December 2021 Young Pianist Wins Leeds Prize Association of Jewish Refugees Information 1963 Vol 18 no 11 p 7 https ajr org uk wp content uploads 2018 02 1963 november pdf Indoors and Out The Sculpture and Design of Bernard Schottlander Henry Moore Foundation Retrieved 4 January 2022 Yaffe Simon BLIND DATE STARTED TV LOVE AFFAIR FOR SAMANTHA www jewishtelegraph com Retrieved 4 January 2022 BBC in row over professional quizzer Barry Simmons of Eggheads on Brain of Britain The Independent 11 March 2013 Retrieved 4 January 2022 Marion Thorpe obituary The Guardian 7 March 2014 Retrieved 4 January 2022 DigitalPianoNews co uk Frankie Vaughan Is Mr Moonlight DigitalPianoNews co uk 1 May 2014 Retrieved 29 December 2021 Dame Fanny Waterman 1920 2020 Leeds International Piano Competition 17 March 2020 Retrieved 26 December 2021 Dame Fanny Waterman obituary The Guardian 21 December 2020 Retrieved 26 December 2021 The woman putting the feeling back into Bach www thejc com Retrieved 25 January 2022 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 1039 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Joash Woodrow A Hidden Life in Pictures Leeds Museums amp Galleries 1 November 2016 Retrieved 27 December 2021 Tamar Yellin The Royal Literary Fund Retrieved 9 January 2022 Association of Jewish Refugees Information Vol 23 March 1968 p 3 https ajr org uk wp content uploads 2018 02 1968 march pdf Sigsworth Eric M 1990 Montague Burton the tailor of taste Manchester UK Manchester University Press ISBN 0 7190 2364 5 OCLC 20296813 Barbara Cline Leeds Jewish Welfare Board ljwb co uk Retrieved 29 December 2021 Yorkshire Cancer Research volunteer awarded MBE in the New Year s Honours list yorkshirecancerresearch org uk 20 January 2021 Retrieved 29 December 2021 Furniture retailer buys Courts store Bradford Telegraph and Argus 15 April 2005 Retrieved 29 December 2021 From own goals to genuine highs the parallel fortunes of Leeds Utd and its city www yorkshirepost co uk 29 August 2013 Retrieved 29 December 2021 JCR UK Sketch of Leeds Jewry in 19th Century by A S Diamond Provincial Jewry in Victorian Britain www jewishgen org Retrieved 27 December 2021 WGN Business Advisors and Chartered Accountants based in Leeds Handpicked Accountants Retrieved 10 January 2022 Colin Glass OBE A Shining Example JLife Magazine Retrieved 5 January 2022 Meadowcroft Michael 2019 The Influence of Personalities in Leeds and its Jewish community a history Ed Derek Fraser Manchester Manchester University Press pp 267 93 ISBN 978 1 5261 2309 1 Tributes paid to Yorkshire entrepreneur John Jackson Yorkshire 1 March 2013 Retrieved 3 January 2022 The John D Jackson Charitable Foundation Charity 1000457 register of charities charitycommission gov uk Retrieved 10 January 2022 Obituary Clive Labovitch The Independent 14 April 1994 Retrieved 25 January 2022 Neville Labovitch www telegraph co uk Retrieved 25 January 2022 A charity tackling isolation amp loneliness among older people about us www reengage org uk Retrieved 29 January 2022 a b Saffer David 2012 Trevor Took on the Performing Rights Society And Won www jewishtelegraph com Retrieved 28 January 2022 A British cuppa makes a historic link between our two jubilees www thejc com Retrieved 29 January 2022 Cowe Roger 20 February 2008 Obituary Jack Lyons The Guardian Retrieved 27 December 2021 Chislett Helen 2009 Marks in time 125 years of Marks amp Spencer London Weidenfeld amp Nicolson ISBN 978 0 297 85873 7 OCLC 373479555 Bookbinder Paul 1993 Simon Marks retail revolutionary London Weidenfeld and Nicolson ISBN 0 297 83169 0 OCLC 30736219 Ex Leeds director Simon Morris jailed for blackmail BBC News 24 October 2011 Retrieved 3 April 2022 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 783 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Former Leeds United chairman Leslie Silver dies Yorkshire Evening Post 29 December 2014 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 921 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Remarkable Growth The Lord Mayor of Leeds Mr A E Wilkinson opened yesterday the new Sumrie House in York Road which has been erected for Messrs C and M Sumrie wholesale clothiers In the presence of a large company of employees he was handed a large cheque Yorkshire Post and Leeds Intelligencer 10 May 1934 Obituary Arnold Ziff The Guardian 29 July 2004 Retrieved 27 December 2021 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 68 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link New Lord Mayor elect revealed Leeds City Council News Retrieved 29 December 2021 Mayor I m off on Shabbat www thejc com Retrieved 29 December 2021 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 167 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 221 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link UK Parliament Baroness Gould of Potternewton https members parliament uk member 3573 career Fabian Hamilton MP Leeds North East TheyWorkForYou Retrieved 27 December 2021 Biffen John 12 December 1994 Keith Joseph obituary The Guardian Retrieved 26 December 2021 Sir Gerald Kaufman obituary The Guardian 27 February 2017 Retrieved 29 December 2021 Edward Lyons obituary The Guardian 10 June 2010 Retrieved 30 December 2021 Leeds 1942 We See the Ridge Ahead The Churchill Project Hillsdale College 11 April 2016 Retrieved 30 December 2021 Chandavarkar Anand 2001 Sir Abraham Jeremy Raisman Finance Member Government of India 1939 45 Portrait of an Unsung Statesman Extraordinaire Economic and Political Weekly 36 28 2641 2655 ISSN 0012 9976 JSTOR 4410856 Obituary Bert Ramelson Corrected The Independent 14 April 1994 Retrieved 6 January 2022 Moses Sclare a forgotten Zionist Jews in WW1 Alex Sobel UK Parliament Steinitz Martha 1930 Review of The International Community and the Right of War Die Friedens Warte 30 4 126 ISSN 0340 0255 JSTOR 23798208 Meadowcroft Michael 2019 The Influence of Personalities in Leeds and its Jewish community a history Ed Derek Fraser Manchester Manchester University Press pp 283 5 ISBN 978 1 5261 2309 1 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 pp 2 3 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Abelson Joshua Encyclopedia com www encyclopedia com Retrieved 28 December 2021 Norden Jasmine 31 December 2021 11 incredible Leeds people on the Queen s New Year Honours list 2022 LeedsLive Retrieved 2 January 2022 All Israel Mourns Death of Chief Rabbi Herzog Buried in Sanhedria Jewish Telegraphic Agency 27 July 1959 Retrieved 29 December 2021 Harpin Lee 23 March 2020 Dayan Rabbi Yehuda Yaakov Refson most senior rabbi in Leeds dies www thejc com Retrieved 12 January 2022 MEIR FINDS PURER FORM OF JUDAISM WITH KARAITE SECT www jewishtelegraph com 2011 Retrieved 2 January 2022 Pat Solk The Jewish Chronicle 29 August 2008 Arthur Saul Super Dead at 71 Jewish Telegraphic Agency 31 July 1979 Retrieved 12 January 2022 Leeds Jews Leeds War Memorials Retrieved 16 January 2022 University of Glasgow Biography of Lieutenant Julius Diamond The University of Glasgow Story Retrieved 16 January 2022 Lieutenant Walter Lubelski Machine Gun Corps 1914 1922 Walter Lyttleton British Jews in The First World War We Were There Too www jewsfww uk Retrieved 28 January 2022 King s Own Royal Regiment Museum King s Own Royal Regiment Museum Retrieved 6 January 2022 Leeds Holocaust survivor dies aged 88 The Yorkshire Evening Post 3 October 2016 Retrieved 12 January 2022 Tributes have been paid to Lilian Black The Holocaust Exhibition and Learning Centre 30 October 2020 Retrieved 19 January 2022 Holocaust Memorial Day Trust Liesel Carter Retrieved 24 January 2022 Obituary John Chillag The Jewish Chronicle 7 May 2009 Obituary John Chillag The Guardian 6 May 2009 Retrieved 24 January 2022 Ruth Grant AJR My Story Retrieved 2 January 2022 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 395 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Arek Hersh The Holocaust Exhibition and Learning Centre Retrieved 27 December 2021 Lt Col Joseph Henry LEVEY DSO OBE WW2Talk Retrieved 25 January 2022 HELLFIRE CORNER Jewish Officers in WW1 www hellfirecorner co uk Retrieved 25 January 2022 Martin Kapel The Holocaust Exhibition and Learning Centre Retrieved 24 January 2022 Helena Kennedy The Jewish Chronicle 27 October 2006 Association of Jewish Refugees Journal Vol 6 no 4 APRIL 2006 p 5 https ajr org uk wp content uploads 2018 02 2006 april pdf Iby Knill The Holocaust Exhibition and Learning Centre Retrieved 17 January 2022 Reporter Jewish News Family of Yorkshire Schindler in search for relatives of those saved Jewish News Retrieved 14 January 2022 Rudi Leavor The Holocaust Exhibition and Learning Centre Retrieved 12 January 2022 The Little Suitcase Short film and discussion with Judith Rhodes The University of Nottingham www nottingham ac uk Retrieved 17 January 2022 Suzanne Rappaport Ripton The Holocaust Exhibition and Learning Centre Retrieved 17 January 2022 Trude Silman The Holocaust Exhibition and Learning Centre Retrieved 1 January 2022 Leeds woman 104 who met Hitler Association of Jewish Refugees Journal Vol 10 no 6 2010 p 11 https ajr org uk wp content uploads 2018 02 2010 june pdf Margaret Simmons AJR Refugee Voices Retrieved 16 January 2022 BBC Radio Leeds One On One Ernest Simon BBC Retrieved 17 January 2022 Association of Jewish Refugees Information April 2000 Vol 55 no 4 p 8 https ajr org uk wp content uploads 2018 02 2000 april pdf Skyte Peter 12 February 2020 Heinz Skyte obituary The Guardian Retrieved 26 December 2021 The Definitive History of Leeds United Chairmen The men who ran the club www mightyleeds co uk Retrieved 27 December 2021 Leeds United F C History www ozwhitelufc net au Retrieved 26 January 2022 There was so much firefighting Leeds last relegation remembered BBC Sport Retrieved 1 January 2022 Jewish Community Were Wonderful Says Rugby Legend Wilf www jewishtelegraph com Retrieved 26 December 2021 Bernard Shooman The reflections of a welcome whistler Hunslet RLFC 30 March 2021 Retrieved 26 December 2021 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 18 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Group British Medical Journal Publishing 17 June 1961 Obituary Myer Coplans D S O O B E M D D P H Br Med J 1 5241 1768 doi 10 1136 bmj 1 5241 1768 ISSN 0007 1447 S2CID 220166082 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 392 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Conrad Lawrence I Hardy Anne 1 January 2001 Women and Modern Medicine pp 127 147 doi 10 1163 9789004333390 007 ISBN 978 90 04 33339 0 PMID 11603150 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a journal ignored help In Memoriam Monty Losowsky BSG President 1993 94 The British Society of Gastroenterology 18 May 2020 Retrieved 30 December 2021 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 775 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Profile Faculty of Medicine amp Dentistry www ualberta ca Retrieved 31 January 2022 Alan Silman www ndorms ox ac uk Retrieved 27 January 2022 a b The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 940 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 p 994 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link K S Zinnemann DSC MD FRCPATH BMJ British Medical Journal 297 6644 355 1988 ISSN 0959 8138 JSTOR 29700382 Sue Baker MBE JP DL West Yorkshire Lieutenancy www westyorkshirelieutenancy org uk Retrieved 17 January 2022 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 pp 87 8 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Barrington Black Gibraltar s supreme lawman Jewish Chronicle 24 November 2016 Retrieved 2 January 2022 Diamond A S Arthur Sigismund 9 September 2021 The Evolution of Law and Order Creative Media Partners LLC ISBN 978 1 01 455436 9 Sir John Dyson sworn in as 12th supreme court justice The Guardian 19 April 2010 Retrieved 29 December 2021 Up and Up Go Conviction Rates And Neil Plays a Leading Part www jewishtelegraph com 2009 Retrieved 2 January 2022 LCH Neil Franklin www leedscommunityhealthcare nhs uk Retrieved 2 January 2022 Prosecutors pledge action over violence after meeting Leeds sex workers www yorkshireeveningpost co uk 18 December 2016 Retrieved 2 January 2022 HURWITZ Alter Max b Abt 1899 Russia d 20 Oct 1970 The Leeds Database british jewry org uk Retrieved 2 January 2022 Jerry Pearlman Way footpath launched in memory of ramblers champion from Leeds www yorkshireeveningpost co uk November 2021 Retrieved 17 January 2022 Blackshield Anthony Stone Julius 1907 1985 Australian Dictionary of Biography Canberra National Centre of Biography Australian National University retrieved 8 January 2022 How a violent attack on Leeds most famous family lawyer helped her to grow the UK s largest specialist firm www yorkshireeveningpost co uk 3 December 2020 Retrieved 4 January 2022 Dictionary of Scottish Architects DSA Architect Biography Report January 1 2022 4 49 pm Scottish Architects Organisation Retrieved 1 January 2022 Home News ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES Information 1966 Vol 212 no 7 p 5 https ajr org uk wp content uploads 2018 02 1966 july pdf Zygmunt Bauman Biography Books amp Facts Britannica www britannica com Retrieved 30 December 2021 Professor Jeremy Baumberg FRS Jesus College in the University of Cambridge 7 August 2017 Archived from the original on 7 August 2017 Retrieved 31 December 2021 Obituaries Secretariat University of Leeds www leeds ac uk Retrieved 31 December 2021 Professor Selig Brodetsky 1888 1954 Art UK artuk org Retrieved 26 December 2021 Cantor Geoffrey N 2005 Quakers Jews and science religious responses to modernity and the sciences in Britain 1650 1900 Oxford University Press ISBN 1 4237 5331 3 OCLC 64177297 The Palgrave dictionary of Anglo Jewish history W D Rubinstein Michael Jolles Hilary L Rubinstein Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2011 pp 166 7 ISBN 978 1 4039 3910 4 OCLC 644655045 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Prof Em Frank Felsenstein Centre for Jewish Studies cjs leeds ac uk Retrieved 29 December 2021 Felsenstein Frank www bsu edu Retrieved 29 December 2021 Kirk Maurice 6 December 2001 Obituary Eugene Grebenik The Guardian Retrieved 18 January 2022 Harris Erika Lord Christopher 2006 Democracy in the new Europe Basingstoke England Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 1 4039 1302 1 OCLC 69594095 Obituaries Secretariat University of Leeds www leeds ac uk Retrieved 17 January 2022 Obituaries Secretariat University of Leeds www leeds ac uk Retrieved 4 January 2022 Watson Alan 11 December 2012 Walter Kellermann obituary The Guardian Retrieved 4 January 2022 Imre Chaim writings of the Kamenitzer Maggid Rabbi Chaim Zundel Maccoby Max Mansky Tel Aviv 1928 Jewish Miscellanies 18 January 2021 Retrieved 30 December 2021 Obituary Hyam Maccoby The Guardian 30 July 2004 Retrieved 30 December 2021 R Aryeh Newman ז ל ארי בן צבי VINnews 26 October 2020 Retrieved 1 January 2022 Jonathan Newman United Agents www unitedagents co uk Retrieved 19 January 2022 AHC Prof Griselda Pollock School of Fine Art History of Art and Cultural Studies University of Leeds ahc leeds ac uk Retrieved 1 January 2022 Interview with 2020 Hazel Rowley Prize Winner Jay Prosser Biographers International Organization 5 May 2020 Retrieved 2 January 2022 Fawcett James 1 December 2018 Geoffrey Raisman 28 June 1939 27 January 2017 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 65 341 355 doi 10 1098 rsbm 2018 0001 S2CID 81471790 Crowdy Darren Tanveer Saleh 31 December 2014 Philip Geoffrey Saffman 19 March 1931 17 August 2008 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 60 375 395 doi 10 1098 rsbm 2014 0021 S2CID 76194917 CalmView Record archives bps org uk Retrieved 30 January 2022 APA PsycNet psycnet apa org Retrieved 30 January 2022 AHC Max Silverman School of Languages Cultures and Societies University of Leeds ahc leeds ac uk Retrieved 29 December 2021 Professor Johanna Stiebert School of Philosophy Religion and History of Science University of Leeds ahc leeds ac uk Retrieved 29 December 2021 St Mark s Church School Magazine 1982 https www st marks school nz wp content uploads 2017 08 1982 Yearbook pdf Joffe Lawrence 12 May 1999 Geoffrey Wigoder The Guardian Retrieved 17 January 2022 Wigoder Geoffrey Encyclopedia com www encyclopedia com Retrieved 17 January 2022 Appell James 2019 Jews as Yorkshiremen Jewish identity in late Victorian Leeds In Fraser Derek Ed Leeds and its Jewish community a history Derek Fraser Manchester pp 49 62 ISBN 978 1 5261 2309 1 OCLC 1091191287 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Buckman Joseph 1983 The 1912 Anarchist Conference in Leeds as Reported by the Local Jewish Group Bulletin of the Society for the Study of Labour History Issue 47 13 6 Buckman Joseph 1983 Immigrants and the class struggle the Jewish immigrant in Leeds 1880 1914 Manchester Lancashire Manchester University Press ISBN 0 7190 0908 1 OCLC 9350611 Murray Freedman The Jewish Chronicle 15 April 2011 Freedman Murray 1992 Leeds Jewry the first hundred years Jewish Historical Society of England Leeds Branch York Jewish Historical Society of England Leeds Branch ISBN 0 948333 09 X OCLC 28337850 Goldberg Rivka 9 May 2019 Obituary Professor Ernest Kopul Krausz Jewish Chronicle Retrieved 2 February 2022 fh56 Professor Aubrey Newman University of Leicester www2 le ac uk Retrieved 28 January 2022 Saipe Louis 1978 A Century of Care The History of the Leeds Jewish Welfare Board 1878 1978 Leeds a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title History of the Jews in Leeds amp oldid 1178796810, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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