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Hibiscus tea

August 20, 2023

Hibiscus tea is a herbal tea made as an infusion from crimson or deep magenta-colored calyces (sepals) of the roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) flower. It is consumed both hot and cold. It has a tart, cranberry-like flavor.

Hibiscus tea
Dried hibiscus calyces

Consumption

Africa

The roselle hibiscus used to make the tea likely originated in Africa.[1] In Africa, hibiscus tea is commonly sold in markets and the dried flowers can be found throughout West and East Africa. Variations on the drink are popular in West Africa and parts of Central Africa. In Senegal, bissap is known as the "national drink of Senegal". Hibiscus tea is often flavored with mint or ginger in West Africa. In Ghana it is known as "sobolo", and "zobo" in Nigeria.

Karkadé is served hot or chilled with ice. It is consumed in some parts of North Africa, especially in Egypt and Sudan.[2] In Egypt and Sudan, wedding celebrations are traditionally toasted with a glass of hibiscus tea. On a typical street in central Cairo, many vendors and open-air cafés sell the drink.[2]

In Sudan, people use hibiscus tea, or karkadé, in folk medicine to treat many health conditions. Pharmaceutical researchers who have studied specimens from Sudan have suggested that its efficacy may relate to its anthocynanins, chemicals that can boost immune responses and combat inflammation, diabetes, cancer, and viral infections.[3][4]

Americas

 
A glass of cold agua de flor de Jamaica in a Cuernavaca restaurant
 
Bag of flor de Jamaica calyces from Mexico

Agua de flor de Jamaica, also called agua de Jamaica and rosa de Jamaica, is popular in Mexico, Central America, and parts of South America and the Caribbean. It is one of several common aguas frescas, which are inexpensive beverages typically made from fresh juices or extracts. Jamaica and other aguas frescas are commonly found in taquerias or other Mexican restaurants. It is usually prepared by steeping the calyces, in boiling water, straining the mixture, pressing the calyces (to squeeze all the juice out), adding sugar, and stirring. It is served chilled, and in Jamaica, this drink is a tradition at Christmas, served with fruitcake or sweet potato pudding.[5]

In Panama, both the flowers and the drink are called saril (a derivative of the English word sorrel). It is prepared by picking and boiling the calyces with chopped ginger, sugar, clove, cinnamon, and nutmeg. It is traditionally drunk around Christmas and Chinese New Year, diverging from Mexico and Central America and much more in line with the Caribbean, due to the strong West Indian influence in Panamanian culture especially in Panama City and most of Panama's Caribbean coast.

In the English-speaking Caribbean, the drink, called sorrel, is made from the calyces, and it is considered an integral part of Christmas celebrations. The Caribbean Development Company, a Trinidad and Tobago brewery, produces a Sorrel Shandy in which the tea is combined with beer.

In American soul food cuisine, hibiscus tea is included in a category of "red drinks" associated with West Africa and is commonly served in soul food restaurants and at African-American social events.[6]

Southeast Asia

In Thailand, most commonly, roselle is prepared as a cold beverage, heavily sweetened and poured over ice, similar to sweetened fruit juices. Plastic bags filled with ice and sweetened 'grajeab' can be found outside of most schools and in local markets. It is less commonly made into a wine, sometimes combined with Chinese tea leaves, in the ratio of 4:1 by weight (1/5 Chinese tea). The beverage is consumed in Malaysia, Cambodia and Indonesia as well.

Europe

In Italy, hibiscus tea, known as carcadè or karkadè (from the Arab word كَرْكَديه‎ [karkaˈdeː]), is usually consumed hot, often with the addition of sugar and lemon juice. First introduced from Eritrea, it was widely used as a tea substitute when the country was hit by trade sanctions for its invasion of Abyssinia. In other European countries, it is often used as an ingredient in mixed herbal teas, (especially with malva flowers or rose hips in the mix, to enhance colouring), and as such, more commonly used than recognized.

Research

Reviews have concluded that hibiscus tea consumption appears to modestly lower blood pressure in people with high blood pressure.[7][8][9] Hibiscus tea was generally well tolerated, and did not adversely affect liver or kidney function at lower doses, but may be hepatotoxic at high doses.[7]

References

  1. ^ "Roselle - plant". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  2. ^ a b Feeney, John (September–October 2001). "The Red Tea of Egypt". Saudi Aramco World. Saudi Aramco. Retrieved 2008-06-01.
  3. ^ Cahliková, Lucie; Ali, Badreldin; Blunden, Gerald (2015). "Anthocyanins of Hibiscus sabdiffera Calyces from Sudan". Natural Product Communications. 10 (1): 77–79.
  4. ^ Khoo, Hock Eng; Azlan, Azrina; Tang, Sou Teng; Lim, See Meng (2017-08-13). "Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits". Food & Nutrition Research. doi:10.1080/16546628.2017.1361779. ISSN 1654-661X. PMC 5613902. PMID 28970777.
  5. ^ "Sorrel recipe". jamaicatravelandculture.com.
  6. ^ Adrian Miller (23 June 2015). "In Praise of Red Drink: The Origin Story Behind Soul Food's Most Iconic Beverage". First We Feast. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
  7. ^ a b Hopkins, A. L.; Lamm, M. G.; Funk, J. L.; Ritenbaugh, C. (2013). "Hibiscus sabdariffa L. In the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: A comprehensive review of animal and human studies". Fitoterapia. 85: 84–94. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.003. PMC 3593772. PMID 23333908.
  8. ^ Serban, C; Sahebkar, A; Ursoniu, S; Andrica, F; Banach, M (June 2015). "Effect of Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Journal of Hypertension. 33 (6): 1119–27. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000585. PMID 25875025. S2CID 19042199.
  9. ^ Boushehri, SN; Karimbeiki, R; Ghasempour, S; et al. (February 2020). "The Efficacy of Sour Tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on Selected Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials". Phytotherapy Research. 34 (2): 329–39. doi:10.1002/ptr.6541. PMID 31943427. S2CID 210333560.

Further reading

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hibiscus tea.
  • Information about Roselle by J. Morton (1987), part of the New Crop Resource Online Program at Purdue University

August 20, 2023
hibiscus, herbal, made, infusion, from, crimson, deep, magenta, colored, calyces, sepals, roselle, hibiscus, sabdariffa, flower, consumed, both, cold, tart, cranberry, like, flavor, dried, hibiscus, calyces, contents, consumption, africa, americas, southeast, . Hibiscus tea is a herbal tea made as an infusion from crimson or deep magenta colored calyces sepals of the roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa flower It is consumed both hot and cold It has a tart cranberry like flavor Hibiscus teaDried hibiscus calyces Contents 1 Consumption 1 1 Africa 1 2 Americas 1 3 Southeast Asia 1 4 Europe 2 Research 3 References 4 Further readingConsumption EditAfrica Edit The roselle hibiscus used to make the tea likely originated in Africa 1 In Africa hibiscus tea is commonly sold in markets and the dried flowers can be found throughout West and East Africa Variations on the drink are popular in West Africa and parts of Central Africa In Senegal bissap is known as the national drink of Senegal Hibiscus tea is often flavored with mint or ginger in West Africa In Ghana it is known as sobolo and zobo in Nigeria Karkade is served hot or chilled with ice It is consumed in some parts of North Africa especially in Egypt and Sudan 2 In Egypt and Sudan wedding celebrations are traditionally toasted with a glass of hibiscus tea On a typical street in central Cairo many vendors and open air cafes sell the drink 2 In Sudan people use hibiscus tea or karkade in folk medicine to treat many health conditions Pharmaceutical researchers who have studied specimens from Sudan have suggested that its efficacy may relate to its anthocynanins chemicals that can boost immune responses and combat inflammation diabetes cancer and viral infections 3 4 Americas Edit A glass of cold agua de flor de Jamaica in a Cuernavaca restaurant Bag of flor de Jamaica calyces from MexicoAgua de flor de Jamaica also called agua de Jamaica and rosa de Jamaica is popular in Mexico Central America and parts of South America and the Caribbean It is one of several common aguas frescas which are inexpensive beverages typically made from fresh juices or extracts Jamaica and other aguas frescas are commonly found in taquerias or other Mexican restaurants It is usually prepared by steeping the calyces in boiling water straining the mixture pressing the calyces to squeeze all the juice out adding sugar and stirring It is served chilled and in Jamaica this drink is a tradition at Christmas served with fruitcake or sweet potato pudding 5 In Panama both the flowers and the drink are called saril a derivative of the English word sorrel It is prepared by picking and boiling the calyces with chopped ginger sugar clove cinnamon and nutmeg It is traditionally drunk around Christmas and Chinese New Year diverging from Mexico and Central America and much more in line with the Caribbean due to the strong West Indian influence in Panamanian culture especially in Panama City and most of Panama s Caribbean coast In the English speaking Caribbean the drink called sorrel is made from the calyces and it is considered an integral part of Christmas celebrations The Caribbean Development Company a Trinidad and Tobago brewery produces a Sorrel Shandy in which the tea is combined with beer In American soul food cuisine hibiscus tea is included in a category of red drinks associated with West Africa and is commonly served in soul food restaurants and at African American social events 6 Southeast Asia Edit In Thailand most commonly roselle is prepared as a cold beverage heavily sweetened and poured over ice similar to sweetened fruit juices Plastic bags filled with ice and sweetened grajeab can be found outside of most schools and in local markets It is less commonly made into a wine sometimes combined with Chinese tea leaves in the ratio of 4 1 by weight 1 5 Chinese tea The beverage is consumed in Malaysia Cambodia and Indonesia as well Europe Edit In Italy hibiscus tea known as carcade or karkade from the Arab word ك ر ك ديه karkaˈdeː is usually consumed hot often with the addition of sugar and lemon juice First introduced from Eritrea it was widely used as a tea substitute when the country was hit by trade sanctions for its invasion of Abyssinia In other European countries it is often used as an ingredient in mixed herbal teas especially with malva flowers or rose hips in the mix to enhance colouring and as such more commonly used than recognized Research EditReviews have concluded that hibiscus tea consumption appears to modestly lower blood pressure in people with high blood pressure 7 8 9 Hibiscus tea was generally well tolerated and did not adversely affect liver or kidney function at lower doses but may be hepatotoxic at high doses 7 References Edit Roselle plant Encyclopedia Britannica a b Feeney John September October 2001 The Red Tea of Egypt Saudi Aramco World Saudi Aramco Retrieved 2008 06 01 Cahlikova Lucie Ali Badreldin Blunden Gerald 2015 Anthocyanins of Hibiscus sabdiffera Calyces from Sudan Natural Product Communications 10 1 77 79 Khoo Hock Eng Azlan Azrina Tang Sou Teng Lim See Meng 2017 08 13 Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins colored pigments as food pharmaceutical ingredients and the potential health benefits Food amp Nutrition Research doi 10 1080 16546628 2017 1361779 ISSN 1654 661X PMC 5613902 PMID 28970777 Sorrel recipe jamaicatravelandculture com Adrian Miller 23 June 2015 In Praise of Red Drink The Origin Story Behind Soul Food s Most Iconic Beverage First We Feast Retrieved 8 February 2019 a b Hopkins A L Lamm M G Funk J L Ritenbaugh C 2013 Hibiscus sabdariffa L In the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia A comprehensive review of animal and human studies Fitoterapia 85 84 94 doi 10 1016 j fitote 2013 01 003 PMC 3593772 PMID 23333908 Serban C Sahebkar A Ursoniu S Andrica F Banach M June 2015 Effect of Sour Tea Hibiscus sabdariffa L on Arterial Hypertension A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Journal of Hypertension 33 6 1119 27 doi 10 1097 HJH 0000000000000585 PMID 25875025 S2CID 19042199 Boushehri SN Karimbeiki R Ghasempour S et al February 2020 The Efficacy of Sour Tea Hibiscus sabdariffa L on Selected Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Phytotherapy Research 34 2 329 39 doi 10 1002 ptr 6541 PMID 31943427 S2CID 210333560 Further reading Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hibiscus tea Information about Roselle by J Morton 1987 part of the New Crop Resource Online Program at Purdue University Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hibiscus tea amp oldid 1169483312, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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