Hezany
Hezany (Kurdish: هیزانکێ, romanized: Hêzankê,[3][4] Syriac: ܗܝܙܢܐ)[5][6][nb 1] is a village in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located in the Nahla valley in the Amadiya District.
Hezany | |
|---|---|
Village | |
Hezany Location in Iraq Hezany Hezany (Iraqi Kurdistan) | |
| Coordinates: Lower Hezany (Hezany Khtetha)[1] 36°51′41″N 43°41′05″E / 36.86134°N 43.6847°E Upper Hezany (Hezany Eletha)[2] 36°52′01″N 43°41′19″E / 36.86701°N 43.68849°E | |
| Country | Iraq |
| Region | Kurdistan Region |
| Governorate | Dohuk Governorate |
| District | Amadiya District |
| Sub-district | Chamanke |
In the village, there is a church of Mar Gewargis of the Ancient Church of the East.[9][12]
History edit
After the Assyrian genocide in the First World War, Hezany was resettled by Assyrians from Lower Tyari in 1920, all of whom were adherents of the Church of the East.[13][14] The village was divided into Hezany Eletha (upper Hezany) and Hezany Khtetha (lower Hezany).[10] In 1938, lower Hezany was inhabited by 25 people, with 5 families, and upper Hezany had a population of 155, with 28 families, for a total of 180 people, and 33 families.[14] The population of lower Hezany grew to 210, whereas upper Hezany decreased to 44 by the Iraqi census of 1957, for a total of 254 people.[14]
At the onset of the First Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1961, 100 families in 42 houses inhabited the village.[15] During the war, neighbouring Kurds illegally seized 60 dunams of agricultural land,[7] and Hezany was razed by government irregulars in 1964 and 1969.[14] The population subsequently decreased in lower Hezany to 145, and to 20 people in upper Hezany, for a total of 165 people by 1977.[14] The village was destroyed by the Iraqi government in 1987 during the Al-Anfal campaign, displacing the remaining 110 families.[10]
Hezany was rebuilt and repopulated by 50 families in the aftermath of the 1991 uprisings in Iraq.[15] Although wholly populated by Assyrians, the Kurdistan Regional Government officially imposed the Kurdish name Hezanke on the village.[16] Villagers reported they had suffered from illegal land expropriation by Kurds in 1994 and 1997.[17] A blockade imposed by Kurdistan Democratic Party militants on Hezany and seven other Assyrian villages in the valley in August 1999 by prohibiting the movement of food into the village, which was dependent on food from Akre, was lifted after the intervention of the United Nations and International Committee of the Red Cross.[18]
In early 2009, 29 displaced Assyrians, with 10 families, inhabited the village.[11] As of 2010, upper Hezany is completely uninhabited and lower Hezany partially uninhabited, despite the construction of houses by the Kurdistan Regional Government, due to the lack of infrastructure and poor economic opportunities.[19] Irrigation channels in the village were restored by the Assyrian Aid Society in May 2013.[8] As of 2021, 153 Assyrians inhabit Hezany.[20]
Gallery edit
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Church of Mar Gewargis
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A farm in Hezany
See also edit
References edit
Notes
Citations
- ^ "Hayzānah as Suflá, Adhamiyah, Dihok, Iraq". Mindat.org. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ "Hayzānah al 'Ulyā, Adhamiyah, Dihok, Iraq". Mindat.org. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
- ^ KRSO (2009), p. 160.
- ^ "Firokeyên Tirkiyê gundekî Amêdiyê bombebaran dikin". Kurdistan24 (in Kurdish). 6 October 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "Sholi and Hezani". Ishtar TV. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "منطقة نهلة قرية شولي وهيزاني / ܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܢܠܐ ܫܘܠܐ ܘ ܗܝܙܢܐ". Facebook. Ishtar TV. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ^ a b "Universal Periodic Review of the State of Iraq: Annex: Table for 94 cases showing the land grab of the Assyrian villages". Assyrian Aid Society. 28 March 2019. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ a b "Maintenance Of Irrigation Channels In The Villages Of Nahla". Assyrian Aid Society. 5 May 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ a b "Mar Gewargiz church – Hazane". Ishtar TV. 12 October 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ a b c Donabed (2015), p. 206.
- ^ a b "The Struggle to Exist Part I: An Introduction to the Assyrians and their Human Rights Situation in the New Iraq" (PDF). Assyria Council of Europe. February 2010. p. 33. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ Bennett (2016), p. 86.
- ^ Donabed (2010), p. 201.
- ^ a b c d e Donabed (2015), pp. 331–332.
- ^ a b Eshoo (2004), p. 9.
- ^ "The Struggle to Exist Part III: Treatment and Discrimination of Assyrians in the "Iraqi Kurdistan Region"" (PDF). Assyria Council of Europe. February 2010. pp. 32–33. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "The Struggle to Exist Part III: Treatment and Discrimination of Assyrians in the "Iraqi Kurdistan Region"" (PDF). Assyria Council of Europe. February 2010. p. 15. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "KDP Blockades, Attacks Assyrian Village". Assyrian International News Agency. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "The Struggle to Exist Part III: Treatment and Discrimination of Assyrians in the "Iraqi Kurdistan Region"" (PDF). Assyria Council of Europe. February 2010. p. 24. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "Population Project". Shlama Foundation. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
Bibliography edit
- Bennett, Byard J. (2016). "Ancient Church of the East". In George Thomas Kurian; Mark A. Lamport (eds.). Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States. Vol. 5. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 85–86.
- Donabed, Sargon George (2010). Iraq and the Assyrian Unimagining: Illuminating Scaled Suffering and a Hierarchy of Genocide from Simele to Anfal (PDF).
- Donabed, Sargon George (2015). Reforging a Forgotten History: Iraq and the Assyrians in the Twentieth Century. Edinburgh University Press.
- Eshoo, Majed (2004). The Fate Of Assyrian Villages Annexed To Today's Dohuk Governorate In Iraq And The Conditions In These Villages Following The Establishment Of The Iraqi State In 1921 (PDF). Translated by Mary Challita. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- KRSO (2009), (PDF), Kurdistan Region Statistics Office (KRSO) (in Kurdish), pp. 1–179, archived from the original (PDF) on 14 March 2017, retrieved 6 February 2021