The extinct Hesperocyoninae are one of three subfamilies found within the canid family. The other two canid subfamilies are the extinct Borophaginae and extant Caninae.[1]
Hesperocyoninae are basal canids that gave rise to the other two canid subfamilies, the Borophaginae and Caninae.[2] This subfamily was endemic to North America, living from the Duchesnean stage of the Late Eocene through to the early Barstovian stage of the Miocene, lasting around 20 million years. It comprises 10 recognized genera and 26 recognized species. Four major lineages can be defined based on shared characteristics:
The genus Caedocyon, which is only known from a single partial cranium that shows some Paraenhydrocyon affinities, probably represents another independent lineage.[3]
Hesperocyon, which lacks the shared derived characters that would include it within any of the aforementioned clades, is possibly ancestral to many of the lineages. Some evidence indicates the Paraenhydrocyon clade may be directly descended from Hesperocyon gregarius. According to Xiaoming Wang, Hesperocyon coloradensis provides an important link between H. gregarius and the Mesocyon-Enhydrocyon clade.[3]
Extinctionedit
According to an analysis of the fossil record of North American fossil carnivorans, the decline of hesperocyonines to extinction during the period from about 20 to 10 million years ago was driven by competition with felids and borophagines.[4]
Fluctuation of species within Canidae over 40 million years
Phylogeny of Hesperocyoninae related to Borophaginae and canines by R.L. Tedford, 1977
Hesperocyoninae species per unit of time
Referencesedit
^Miklosi, Adam (2015). Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition. Oxford Biology (2 ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 103–107. ISBN978-0199545667.
^Wang, X.; Tedford, R.H. (2008). Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia University Press. pp. 23–31. ISBN978-0-231-13528-3.
^ abWang, X. 1994. Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae (Carnivora, Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 221:1-207.
^Silvestro, D.; Antonelli, A.; Salamin, N.; Quental, T. B. (2015). "The role of clade competition in the diversification of North American canids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 112 (28): 8684–8689. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.8684S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1502803112. PMC4507235. PMID 26124128.
Further readingedit
Xiaoming Wang, Richard H. Tedford, Mauricio Antón, Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History, New York : Columbia University Press, 2008; ISBN978-0-231-13528-3
This article related to prehistoric animals from order Carnivora is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
hesperocyoninae, extinct, three, subfamilies, found, within, canid, family, other, canid, subfamilies, extinct, borophaginae, extant, caninae, temporal, range, late, eocene, middle, miocene, preꞒ, skull, mesocyon, coryphaeus, scientific, classification, domain. The extinct Hesperocyoninae are one of three subfamilies found within the canid family The other two canid subfamilies are the extinct Borophaginae and extant Caninae 1 HesperocyoninaeTemporal range Late Eocene Middle Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skull of Mesocyon coryphaeus Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Canidae Subfamily Hesperocyoninae Genera Cynodesmus Caedocyon Ectopocynus Enhydrocyon Hesperocyon Mesocyon Osbornodon Paraenhydrocyon Philotrox Sunkahetanka Contents 1 Taxonomic history 2 Extinction 3 References 4 Further readingTaxonomic history editCanid subfamilies Canidae Hesperocyoninae nbsp Borophaginae nbsp Caninae nbsp Hesperocyoninae are basal canids that gave rise to the other two canid subfamilies the Borophaginae and Caninae 2 This subfamily was endemic to North America living from the Duchesnean stage of the Late Eocene through to the early Barstovian stage of the Miocene lasting around 20 million years It comprises 10 recognized genera and 26 recognized species Four major lineages can be defined based on shared characteristics Mesocyon Enhydrocyon clade includes Cynodesmus Sunkahetanka Philotrox Osbornodon clade Paraenhydrocyon Ectopocynus clade The genus Caedocyon which is only known from a single partial cranium that shows some Paraenhydrocyon affinities probably represents another independent lineage 3 Hesperocyon which lacks the shared derived characters that would include it within any of the aforementioned clades is possibly ancestral to many of the lineages Some evidence indicates the Paraenhydrocyon clade may be directly descended from Hesperocyon gregarius According to Xiaoming Wang Hesperocyon coloradensis provides an important link between H gregarius and the Mesocyon Enhydrocyon clade 3 Extinction editAccording to an analysis of the fossil record of North American fossil carnivorans the decline of hesperocyonines to extinction during the period from about 20 to 10 million years ago was driven by competition with felids and borophagines 4 nbsp Fluctuation of species within Canidae over 40 million years nbsp Phylogeny of Hesperocyoninae related to Borophaginae and canines by R L Tedford 1977 nbsp Hesperocyoninae species per unit of timeReferences edit Miklosi Adam 2015 Dog Behaviour Evolution and Cognition Oxford Biology 2 ed Oxford University Press pp 103 107 ISBN 978 0199545667 Wang X Tedford R H 2008 Dogs Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History Columbia University Press pp 23 31 ISBN 978 0 231 13528 3 a b Wang X 1994 Phylogenetic systematics of the Hesperocyoninae Carnivora Canidae Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 221 1 207 Silvestro D Antonelli A Salamin N Quental T B 2015 The role of clade competition in the diversification of North American canids Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112 28 8684 8689 Bibcode 2015PNAS 112 8684S doi 10 1073 pnas 1502803112 PMC 4507235 PMID 26124128 Further reading editXiaoming Wang Richard H Tedford Mauricio Anton Dogs Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History New York Columbia University Press 2008 ISBN 978 0 231 13528 3 nbsp This article related to prehistoric animals from order Carnivora is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This canid article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hesperocyoninae amp oldid 1145452856, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
