The Herodotus Machine was a machine described by Herodotus, a Greekhistorian born in Halicarnassus, Caria (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey). Herodotus claims this invention enabled the ancient Egyptians to construct the pyramids. The contraption supposedly allowed workers to lift heavy building materials. Herodotus is believed to have encountered the device while traveling through Egypt. With limited reference and no true schematics, this machine has stimulated many historians' theories of how the ancient Egyptians were able to create pyramids.
Herodotus is suspected of having embellished – or made up entirely – some of his historical accounts, but scholars generally accept this particular account as Herodotus provides otherwise reasonable accounts of Egypt; further, it would have been quite possible for someone living in Halicarnassus to safely and easily travel to Egypt during Herodotus' lifetime. Trade existed between the Greek City States and the kingdom of Egypt.[1]In Egypt Herodotus is thought to have conversed with locals on the matter.[2]
Herodotus' descriptionedit
Herodotus provides a description of the process in Histories.
The pyramid was built in steps, battlement-wise, as it is called, or, according to others, altar-wise. After laying the stones for the base, they raised the remaining stones to their places by means of machines formed of short wooden planks. The first machine raised them from the ground to the top of the first step. On this there was another machine, which received the stone upon its arrival and conveyed it to the second step, whence a third machine advanced it still higher. Either they had as many machines as there were steps in the pyramid, or possibly they had but a single machine, which, being easily moved, was transferred from tier to tier as the stone rose – both accounts are given and therefore I mention both. The upper portion of the Pyramid was finished first, then the middle and finally the part which was lowest and nearest to the ground.
Since Herodotus provides more of a description of the components of the design rather than detailed form or usage, many ideas have been put forward and scale models built.[3][4]
The Leonardo's machineedit
A lifting machine by Leonardo da Vinci (from the page f.29r of the Madrid I Codex)
Leonardo da Vinci is believed to have sketched a machine based on Herodotus' description (in f.818v of the Codex Atlanticus and f.29r of the Madrid I Codex).[5] Gabriele Niccolai describes the Leondardo's machine as follows:[6]
[A very large stone] swings to the other side of the central fulcrum, creating enough space to insert a short plank underneath it. It is then swung back again to the opposite side, creating enough space to insert another wooden plank. The operation is repeated several times until the [stone] is lifted to the desired height.
Later depictions are premised upon da Vinci's sketches in the Codex Madrid. Visual depictions cannot authoritatively claim to represent Herodotus' machine.
Herodotus' writings, more specifically his Histories.
External linksedit
Herodotus Machine of Short Woods on YouTube Niccolai, Gabriele (December 2011), Herodotus machine, Museum of Leonardo da Vinci, Firenze: Niccolai Teknoart Group, Recreation via drawing in da Vinci's Codex Madrid I
April 13, 2024
herodotus, machine, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, novembe. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Herodotus Machine news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Herodotus Machine was a machine described by Herodotus a Greek historian born in Halicarnassus Caria modern day Bodrum Turkey Herodotus claims this invention enabled the ancient Egyptians to construct the pyramids The contraption supposedly allowed workers to lift heavy building materials Herodotus is believed to have encountered the device while traveling through Egypt With limited reference and no true schematics this machine has stimulated many historians theories of how the ancient Egyptians were able to create pyramids Contents 1 Herodotus in Egypt 1 1 Herodotus description 2 The Leonardo s machine 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksHerodotus in Egypt editHerodotus is suspected of having embellished or made up entirely some of his historical accounts but scholars generally accept this particular account as Herodotus provides otherwise reasonable accounts of Egypt further it would have been quite possible for someone living in Halicarnassus to safely and easily travel to Egypt during Herodotus lifetime Trade existed between the Greek City States and the kingdom of Egypt 1 In Egypt Herodotus is thought to have conversed with locals on the matter 2 Herodotus description edit Herodotus provides a description of the process in Histories The pyramid was built in steps battlement wise as it is called or according to others altar wise After laying the stones for the base they raised the remaining stones to their places by means of machines formed of short wooden planks The first machine raised them from the ground to the top of the first step On this there was another machine which received the stone upon its arrival and conveyed it to the second step whence a third machine advanced it still higher Either they had as many machines as there were steps in the pyramid or possibly they had but a single machine which being easily moved was transferred from tier to tier as the stone rose both accounts are given and therefore I mention both The upper portion of the Pyramid was finished first then the middle and finally the part which was lowest and nearest to the ground Since Herodotus provides more of a description of the components of the design rather than detailed form or usage many ideas have been put forward and scale models built 3 4 The Leonardo s machine edit nbsp A lifting machine by Leonardo da Vinci from the page f 29r of the Madrid I Codex Leonardo da Vinci is believed to have sketched a machine based on Herodotus description in f 818v of the Codex Atlanticus and f 29r of the Madrid I Codex 5 Gabriele Niccolai describes the Leondardo s machine as follows 6 A very large stone swings to the other side of the central fulcrum creating enough space to insert a short plank underneath it It is then swung back again to the opposite side creating enough space to insert another wooden plank The operation is repeated several times until the stone is lifted to the desired height Later depictions are premised upon da Vinci s sketches in the Codex Madrid Visual depictions cannot authoritatively claim to represent Herodotus machine See also editEgyptian pyramid construction techniques Shadoof a simple lifting tool known to be used in Ancient Egypt in agriculture 7 References edit Homan Michael Beer and Its Drinkers An Ancient near Eastern Love Story Near Eastern Archaeology 67 2 87 Herodotus Robin Waterfield and Carolyn Dewald The Histories Oxford Oxford UP 2008 Print CHEOPSPYRAMIDE gebaut mit den eigenen Barken Herodotus machine building pyramids Niccolai Gabriele Leonardo da Vinci a Genius and His Secrets PDF European Commission Apr 2011 Niccolai Gabriele Leonardo da Vinci a Genius and His Secrets PDF European Commission Apr 2011 Niccolai Gabriele Leonardo da Vinci a Genius and His Secrets PDF European Commission Apr 2011 Further reading editSee the main page on Herodotus Herodotus writings more specifically his Histories External links editHerodotus Machine of Short Woods on YouTube Niccolai Gabriele December 2011 Herodotus machine Museum of Leonardo da Vinci Firenze Niccolai Teknoart Group Recreation via drawing in da Vinci s Codex Madrid I Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Herodotus Machine amp oldid 1218011490, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
