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Herbert Lütje

April 10, 2024

Herbert Heinrich Otto Lütje (30 January 1918 – 18 January 1967) was a German military aviator, a wing commander in the Luftwaffe during World War II and an officer in the postwar German Air Force. As a fighter ace, he was credited with 50 aerial victories claimed in 247 combat missions. His 47 nocturnal claims made him the twentyfourth most successful night fighter pilot in the history of aerial warfare.[1] All of his victories were claimed in Defense of the Reich missions, the majority at night against the Royal Air Force's (RAF) Bomber Command and three daytime claims, one over a United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber and two Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighter aircraft.

Herbert Lütje
Herbert Lütje
Born30 January 1918
Abbesbüttel/Gifhorn, Germany
Died18 January 1967(1967-01-18) (aged 48)
Cologne-Wahn, Germany
Allegiance Nazi Germany (to 1945)
 West Germany
Service/branch Luftwaffe
 German Air Force
Years of service1937–45, 1957–
RankOberstleutnant (Wehrmacht)
Oberst (Bundeswehr)
UnitLG 2, JG 2, NJG 1, NJG 6
Commands held8./NJG 1, IV./NJG 6, NJG 6
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

Born in Abbesbüttel, Lütje grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. Following graduation from school, he joined the military service in 1937 and was trained as a pilot. In 1939 and 1940 he served with the night-fighter squadron of Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2—2nd Demonstration Wing) and Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing) during the Norwegian campaign and Battle of France. Following the units reorganization, he served with III. Gruppe (3rd group) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing). Lütje claimed his first aerial victory on the night of 6/7 September 1942 and was appointed squadron leader of 8. Staffel (8th squadron) of NJG 1 in May 1943. Following his 28th aerial victory, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 1 June 1943, shortly after he was given command IV. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 (NJG 6—6th Night Fighter Wing). He was appointed Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of NJG 6 in October 1944. On 17 April 1945, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

Following the rearmament of the Federal Republic of Germany, Lütje joined the German Air Force in July 1957. He died on 18 January 1967 in Cologne-Wahn.

Early life and career edit

Lütje was born on 30 January 1918 in Abbesbüttel, at the time in the Province of Hanover, as part of the German Empire. He was the son of a farmer. After graduation from school, Lütje joined the Luftwaffe on 1 November 1937 as a Fahnenjunker (cadet) and attended the Luftkriegsschule 2 in Berlin-Gatow. Following flight training,[Note 1] he was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) on 1 August 1939.[2] In December 1939, he was transferred to the night fighter squadron of Lehrgeschwader 2 (LG 2—2nd Demonstration Wing).[3]

World War II edit

World War II in Europe began on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. In February 1940, the night fighter squadron was absorbed by the VI. (Nacht) Gruppe (4th night fighter group) of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing).[Note 2] There, Lütje was assigned to the 12. Staffel (12th squadron).[3] Flying with this squadron, he participated in the Norwegian Campaign.[2] On 24 April 1940, 12. Staffel was ordered to Aalborg where it stayed until May. From Aalborg, the unit flew patrol missions along the Danish coast. On 31 May, 12. Staffel was ordered back to Germany, arriving in Jever on 2 June.[4] The Staffel then moved to Köln-Ostheim airfield, flying night-fighter missions during the Battle of France.[5] In total, Lütje flew three missions over Norway and 19 missions during the Battle of France on the Messerschmitt Bf 109 D single engined fighter.[2]

Night fighter career edit

 
A map of part of the Kammhuber Line. The 'belt' and night fighter 'boxes' are shown.

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign.[6] By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a Himmelbett (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.[7]

Following the campaign in Norway and France, VI.(N)/JG 2 was moved to Mönchengladbach in late June. There, the unit was outfitted with the Bf 109 E, equipped with the navigational direction finder PeilG IV direction finder (PeilG - Peilgerät). The objective was to test single-engined fighter aircraft as night-fighters. During this test phase, VI.(N)/JG 2 was integrated in the newly formed Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing) on 26 June 1940. On 1 July, the Gruppe was officially designated III. Gruppe (3rd Group) of NJG 1 and converted to the twin-engined Messerschmitt Bf 110 heavy fighter.[8]

At the time, Lütje was assigned to the Stab of III. Gruppe. Flying his 49th night fighter mission, he claimed his first nocturnal aerial victory on the night of 6/7 September 1941.[2] The claim was filed over an Armstrong Whitworth Whitley bomber in the vicinity of Metelen.[9] With five aerial victories to his credit, he was appointed Staffelkapitän (Squadron Leader) of the 8. Staffel of NJG 1 (8th Squadron of the 1st Night Fighter Wing) on 1 May 1942.[3] On 28 September 1942, he received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) and was promoted to Hauptmann (captain) on 1 October.[2] By the end of 1942, his number of aerial victories had increased to 16.[10]

Lütje claimed a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber shot down during a day time mission against the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) on 4 March 1943.[3] He achieved his 20th aerial victory on the night of 12/13 March 1943. Lütje was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 1 June 1943 after he had shot down six British and Canadian bombers on the night of 13/14 May 1943.[2] Among them was a Royal Air Force (RAF) Avro Lancaster from No. 57 Squadron piloted by Pilot Officer Jan Bernand Marinus Haye on a mission to bomb the Škoda Works at Plzeň. The bomber was set on fire and the crew bailed out safely.[11]

He was then appointed Gruppenkommandeur (Group Commander) of the newly formed IV. Gruppe (4th Group) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 (NJG 6—6th Night Fighter Wing) in June 1943.[12] IV./NJG 6 was based in Rumania and tasked with the protection of the Romanian oil fields. In September 1943 he flew a number of combat missions out of the Netherlands claiming four aerial victories.[3]

Over Romania he again fought the USAAF during daytime sorties. Fighting the Fifteenth Air Force he shot down two P-38 Lightnings—one of them by his radio operator with the MG 81Z—on 10 June 1944.[13] His Bf 110 G-4 (Werknummer 140018—factory number) was severely damaged. He and his wireless radio operator Oberfeldwebel (Sergeant) August Bogumil were wounded and had to make a forced landing. Over Romania, Lütje was credited with six Vickers Wellington bombers and one Soviet Ilyushin Il-4 aircraft over the Black Sea during nocturnal combat missions. At the end of August 1944 IV./NJ 6 was relocated back to Germany.

Lütje was appointed Geschwaderkommodore (Wing Commander) of NJG 6 on 13 September 1944, succeeding Major Heinrich Griese. Command of IV. Gruppe was passed on to Hauptmann Martin Becker.[12] Lütje claimed his final eight aerial victories in 1945.[3] On 15 March, he was nominated for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub). The nomination of the Oak Leaves was approved on 31 March and were awarded on 17 April 1945 after 50 aerial victories on 17 April 1945, the 836th officer or soldier of the Wehrmacht so honored.[14] At the end of war he was taken prisoner of war and released in June 1945.[2]

Later life edit

Following the Wiederbewaffnung (rearmament) of the Federal Republic of Germany, Lütje joined the German Air Force in July 1957. He retired holding the rank of Oberst (colonel) and died on 18 January 1967 in Cologne-Wahn.[2]

Summary of career edit

Aerial victory claims edit

According Spick, Lütje was credited with 53 aerial victories, including two by day and 51 by night, claimed in approximately 150 combat missions.[15] Foreman, Parry and Mathews, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 50 victory claims.[16] Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, listing Lütje with 46 claims, plus five further unconfirmed claims and one by his air gunner Oberfeldwebel Bogumil.[17]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Lütje an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the – (dash) indicates unwitnessed aerial victory claims for which Lütje did not receive credit.
  This along with the * (asterisk) indicates that the aircraft was shot down by Lütje's air gunner.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed in Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945 but not in Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims.
Claim Date Time Type Location Serial No./Squadron No.
– III. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –[17]
1 6 September 1941 23:22 Whitley Metelen[9]
2 20 September 1941 22:18 Wellington 1 km (0.62 mi) west of Bad Bentheim[18]
3 8 November 1941 00:04 Halifax 4 km (2.5 mi) east of Terlet Airfield[19] Halifax L9603/No. XXXV (Madras Presidency) Squadron[20]
4 26 March 1942 23:50 Wellington 2 km (1.2 mi) north of Vriezenveen[21] Wellington Z1143/No. 214 (Federated Malay States) Squadron[22]
5 4 June 1942 02:25 Wellington[23]
– 8. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –[24]
6 20 June 1942 02:32 Wellington 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of Raalte[25]
7 26 June 1942 00:58 Wellington 100 km (62 mi) northeast of Nordhorn[26] Wellington DV951/No. 12 Operational Training Unit RAF[27]
8 3 July 1942 01:40 Wellington 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Nordhorn[28]
9 26 July 1942 02:01 Wellington Wielen[29] Wellington Z1462/No. 460 Squadron RAAF[30]
10 10 August 1942 04:18 Wellington 8 km (5.0 mi) northwest of Wierden[31] Wellington BJ608/No. 150 Squadron RAF[32]
11 18 August 1942 01:38 Lancaster 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Emlichheim[33]
12 27 August 1942 23:45 Wellington 3 km (1.9 mi) southeast of Rechteren Castle[34] Wellington Z1212/No. 460 Squadron RAAF[35]
13 5 September 1942 02:53 Wellington northeast of Altenkeine[36]
14 5 September 1942 03:59 Stirling 8 km (5.0 mi) northwest of Hasselt[37] Stirling BF337/No. 214 (Federated Malay States) Squadron[38]
15 16 September 1942 23:22 Wellington 1 km (0.62 mi) north of Ahaus[39] Wellington Z1084/No. 22 Operational Training Unit RAF[40]
16 17 December 1942 21:10 Lancaster 6 km (3.7 mi) northeast of Zwolle[41]
17 2 March 1943 00:08 Halifax 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Zuidlo[42] Halifax DT797/No. 408 Squadron[43]
18 4 March 1943 11:31 B-17 west of Den Helder[42] B-17 41-24512/91st Bombardment Group[44]
19 5 March 1943 21:35 Halifax 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Staphorst[45] Halifax HR687/No. 78 Squadron RAF[46]
20 12 March 1943 21:18 Halifax 3 km (1.9 mi) east-southeast of Alstalte[47]
21 30 March 1943 04:28 Lancaster 7 km (4.3 mi) south of Raalte[48] Lancaster ED435/No. 49 Squadron RAF[49]
22 3 April 1943 22:45 Lancaster 3 km (1.9 mi) west of Winterswijk[48]
23 3 April 1943 23:37 Halifax 22 km (14 mi) south of Zwolle[48]
24♠ 13 May 1943 23:52 Lancaster 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Almelo[50] Lancaster ED667/No. 57 Squadron[51]
25♠ 13 May 1943 23:42 Lancaster 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Oldenzaal[50] Lancaster R5611/No. 106 Squadron[51]
26♠ 13 May 1943 23:54 Lancaster 3 km (1.9 mi) south of Hörstel[50] Lancaster W4305/No. 44 Squadron[51]
27♠ 14 May 1943 02:25 Halifax 5 km (3.1 mi) west of Dedemsvaart[50] Halifax JB966/No. 405 Squadron RCAF[51]
28♠ 14 May 1943 02:45 Halifax Dalen[50] Halifax JD113/No. 419 Squadron RCAF[51]
29♠ 14 May 1943 02:55 Halifax 19 km (12 mi) east of Hoogeveen[50] Halifax JB892/No. 77 Squadron[51]
30 3 September 1943 23:25 Lancaster 22 km (14 mi) northeast of Rheine[52]
—
 3 September 1943 00:00 Lancaster[24]
31 23 September 1943 22:50 Halifax[53]
32 27 September 1943 23:40 Halifax Neustadt[54]
– IV. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 –[24]
33 6 May 1944 01:05 Wellington northwest of Ploiești[55]
34 7 May 1944 23:59 Wellington Maroshévíz[55]
35 8 May 1944 00:18 Wellington southwest of Blejești[55]
36 10 June 1944 08:29 P-38 south of Bucharest[56]
37* 10 June 1944 08:31 P-38 south of Bucharest[56]
38 29 June 1944 02:23 Wellington north of Stockerau[57]
39?[Note 3] 9 August 1944 23:00 Wellington Romania[58]
—
 20 August 1944 23:05 Wellington Romania[24]
40?[Note 3] 20 August 1944 23:05 Wellington[59] Romania[24]
—
 22 August 1944 01:05 Il-4 Romania[24]
42 20 September 1944 23:30 Wellington northeast of Lake Neusiedl[60]
– Stab of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 –[61]
43 2 February 1945 23:24 Lancaster west of Karlsruhe[62]
44 14 February 1945 20:27 Lancaster 50 km (31 mi) northeast of Frankfurt am Main[62]
45 21 February 1945 20:43 Halifax southwest of Worms[63]
46 21 February 1945 20:55 Halifax Saarbrücken[63]
47 14 March 1945 21:24 Lancaster northwest of Nürnberg[64]
48 16 March 1945 21:33 Lancaster 30 km (19 mi) south-southwest of Nürnberg[65]
49 19 March 1945 04:45 Lancaster[66]
50 21 March 1945 04:59 Lancaster[66]

Awards edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations. For pilots destined to fly multi-engine aircraft, the training was completed with the Luftwaffe Advanced Pilot's Certificate (Erweiterter Luftwaffen-Flugzeugführerschein), also known as the C-Certificate.
  2. ^ For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Organisation of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  3. ^ a b According to Mathews and Foreman, this claim was unconfirmed.[24]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Scutts 1998, p. 88.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Stockert 2011, p. 96.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Obermaier 1989, p. 76.
  4. ^ Prien et al. 2000, p. 44.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2000, p. 139.
  6. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 9.
  7. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 27.
  8. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 46.
  9. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 30.
  10. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, pp. 30–62.
  11. ^ Pitchfork 2003, p. 103.
  12. ^ a b Aders 1978, p. 230.
  13. ^ Ziefle 2013, p. 173.
  14. ^ Stockert 2011, pp. 96–97.
  15. ^ Spick 1996, p. 243.
  16. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, pp. 30–244.
  17. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 785–786.
  18. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 31.
  19. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 32.
  20. ^ Halifax L9603.
  21. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 36.
  22. ^ Wellington Z1143.
  23. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 43.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 786.
  25. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 46.
  26. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 47.
  27. ^ Wellington DV951.
  28. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 49.
  29. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 50.
  30. ^ Wellington Z1462.
  31. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 54.
  32. ^ Wellington BJ608.
  33. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 55.
  34. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 56.
  35. ^ Wellington Z1212.
  36. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 57.
  37. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 58.
  38. ^ Stirling BF337.
  39. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 59.
  40. ^ Wellington Z1084.
  41. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 62.
  42. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 68.
  43. ^ Bowman 2016, p. 127.
  44. ^ B-17 41-24512.
  45. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 70.
  46. ^ Halifax HR687.
  47. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 71.
  48. ^ a b c Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 72.
  49. ^ Lancaster ED435.
  50. ^ a b c d e f Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 80.
  51. ^ a b c d e f Bowman 2016, p. 146.
  52. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 110.
  53. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 115.
  54. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 118.
  55. ^ a b c Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 174.
  56. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 186.
  57. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 194.
  58. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 208.
  59. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 210.
  60. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 218.
  61. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1353.
  62. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 234.
  63. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 236.
  64. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 242.
  65. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 243.
  66. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 244.
  67. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 139.
  68. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 289.
  69. ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 518.
  70. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 298.
  71. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 102.

Bibliography edit

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  • Bowman, Martin (2016). Nachtjagd, Defenders of the Reich 1940–1943. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-4738-4986-0.
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  • Foreman, John; Parry, Simon; Mathews, Johannes (2004). Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939–1945. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-0-9538061-4-0.
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  • Accident description for Halifax L9603 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  • Accident description for Lancaster ED435 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  • Accident description for Stirling BF337 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  • Accident description for Wellington BJ608 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  • Accident description for Wellington DV951 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  • Accident description for Wellington Z1084 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  • Accident description for Wellington Z1143 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  • Accident description for Wellington Z1212 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
  • Accident description for Wellington Z1462 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 12 September 2022.
Military offices
Preceded by
Major Heinrich Griese
 Commander of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6
13 September 1944 – 8 May 1945 		Unit disbanded

April 10, 2024
herbert, lütje, herbert, heinrich, otto, lütje, january, 1918, january, 1967, german, military, aviator, wing, commander, luftwaffe, during, world, officer, postwar, german, force, fighter, credited, with, aerial, victories, claimed, combat, missions, nocturna. Herbert Heinrich Otto Lutje 30 January 1918 18 January 1967 was a German military aviator a wing commander in the Luftwaffe during World War II and an officer in the postwar German Air Force As a fighter ace he was credited with 50 aerial victories claimed in 247 combat missions His 47 nocturnal claims made him the twentyfourth most successful night fighter pilot in the history of aerial warfare 1 All of his victories were claimed in Defense of the Reich missions the majority at night against the Royal Air Force s RAF Bomber Command and three daytime claims one over a United States Army Air Forces USAAF Boeing B 17 Flying Fortress bomber and two Lockheed P 38 Lightning fighter aircraft Herbert LutjeHerbert LutjeBorn30 January 1918Abbesbuttel Gifhorn GermanyDied18 January 1967 1967 01 18 aged 48 Cologne Wahn GermanyAllegiance Nazi Germany to 1945 West GermanyService wbr branch Luftwaffe German Air ForceYears of service1937 45 1957 RankOberstleutnant Wehrmacht Oberst Bundeswehr UnitLG 2 JG 2 NJG 1 NJG 6Commands held8 NJG 1 IV NJG 6 NJG 6Battles warsWorld War II Norwegian campaign Battle of France Defense of the ReichAwardsKnight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak LeavesBorn in Abbesbuttel Lutje grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany Following graduation from school he joined the military service in 1937 and was trained as a pilot In 1939 and 1940 he served with the night fighter squadron of Lehrgeschwader 2 LG 2 2nd Demonstration Wing and Jagdgeschwader 2 Richthofen JG 2 2nd Fighter Wing during the Norwegian campaign and Battle of France Following the units reorganization he served with III Gruppe 3rd group of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 NJG 1 1st Night Fighter Wing Lutje claimed his first aerial victory on the night of 6 7 September 1942 and was appointed squadron leader of 8 Staffel 8th squadron of NJG 1 in May 1943 Following his 28th aerial victory he was awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross on 1 June 1943 shortly after he was given command IV Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 NJG 6 6th Night Fighter Wing He was appointed Geschwaderkommodore wing commander of NJG 6 in October 1944 On 17 April 1945 he was awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Following the rearmament of the Federal Republic of Germany Lutje joined the German Air Force in July 1957 He died on 18 January 1967 in Cologne Wahn Contents 1 Early life and career 2 World War II 2 1 Night fighter career 3 Later life 4 Summary of career 4 1 Aerial victory claims 4 2 Awards 5 Notes 6 References 6 1 Citations 6 2 BibliographyEarly life and career editLutje was born on 30 January 1918 in Abbesbuttel at the time in the Province of Hanover as part of the German Empire He was the son of a farmer After graduation from school Lutje joined the Luftwaffe on 1 November 1937 as a Fahnenjunker cadet and attended the Luftkriegsschule 2 in Berlin Gatow Following flight training Note 1 he was promoted to Leutnant second lieutenant on 1 August 1939 2 In December 1939 he was transferred to the night fighter squadron of Lehrgeschwader 2 LG 2 2nd Demonstration Wing 3 World War II editWorld War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland In February 1940 the night fighter squadron was absorbed by the VI Nacht Gruppe 4th night fighter group of Jagdgeschwader 2 Richthofen JG 2 2nd Fighter Wing Note 2 There Lutje was assigned to the 12 Staffel 12th squadron 3 Flying with this squadron he participated in the Norwegian Campaign 2 On 24 April 1940 12 Staffel was ordered to Aalborg where it stayed until May From Aalborg the unit flew patrol missions along the Danish coast On 31 May 12 Staffel was ordered back to Germany arriving in Jever on 2 June 4 The Staffel then moved to Koln Ostheim airfield flying night fighter missions during the Battle of France 5 In total Lutje flew three missions over Norway and 19 missions during the Battle of France on the Messerschmitt Bf 109 D single engined fighter 2 Night fighter career edit nbsp A map of part of the Kammhuber Line The belt and night fighter boxes are shown Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight Royal Air Force RAF attacks shifted to the cover of darkness initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign 6 By mid 1940 Generalmajor Brigadier General Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter Each sector named a Himmelbett canopy bed would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers In 1941 the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942 7 Following the campaign in Norway and France VI N JG 2 was moved to Monchengladbach in late June There the unit was outfitted with the Bf 109 E equipped with the navigational direction finder PeilG IV direction finder PeilG Peilgerat The objective was to test single engined fighter aircraft as night fighters During this test phase VI N JG 2 was integrated in the newly formed Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 NJG 1 1st Night Fighter Wing on 26 June 1940 On 1 July the Gruppe was officially designated III Gruppe 3rd Group of NJG 1 and converted to the twin engined Messerschmitt Bf 110 heavy fighter 8 At the time Lutje was assigned to the Stab of III Gruppe Flying his 49th night fighter mission he claimed his first nocturnal aerial victory on the night of 6 7 September 1941 2 The claim was filed over an Armstrong Whitworth Whitley bomber in the vicinity of Metelen 9 With five aerial victories to his credit he was appointed Staffelkapitan Squadron Leader of the 8 Staffel of NJG 1 8th Squadron of the 1st Night Fighter Wing on 1 May 1942 3 On 28 September 1942 he received the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe and was promoted to Hauptmann captain on 1 October 2 By the end of 1942 his number of aerial victories had increased to 16 10 Lutje claimed a Boeing B 17 Flying Fortress bomber shot down during a day time mission against the United States Army Air Forces USAAF on 4 March 1943 3 He achieved his 20th aerial victory on the night of 12 13 March 1943 Lutje was awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 1 June 1943 after he had shot down six British and Canadian bombers on the night of 13 14 May 1943 2 Among them was a Royal Air Force RAF Avro Lancaster from No 57 Squadron piloted by Pilot Officer Jan Bernand Marinus Haye on a mission to bomb the Skoda Works at Plzen The bomber was set on fire and the crew bailed out safely 11 He was then appointed Gruppenkommandeur Group Commander of the newly formed IV Gruppe 4th Group of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 NJG 6 6th Night Fighter Wing in June 1943 12 IV NJG 6 was based in Rumania and tasked with the protection of the Romanian oil fields In September 1943 he flew a number of combat missions out of the Netherlands claiming four aerial victories 3 Over Romania he again fought the USAAF during daytime sorties Fighting the Fifteenth Air Force he shot down two P 38 Lightnings one of them by his radio operator with the MG 81Z on 10 June 1944 13 His Bf 110 G 4 Werknummer 140018 factory number was severely damaged He and his wireless radio operator Oberfeldwebel Sergeant August Bogumil were wounded and had to make a forced landing Over Romania Lutje was credited with six Vickers Wellington bombers and one Soviet Ilyushin Il 4 aircraft over the Black Sea during nocturnal combat missions At the end of August 1944 IV NJ 6 was relocated back to Germany Lutje was appointed Geschwaderkommodore Wing Commander of NJG 6 on 13 September 1944 succeeding Major Heinrich Griese Command of IV Gruppe was passed on to Hauptmann Martin Becker 12 Lutje claimed his final eight aerial victories in 1945 3 On 15 March he was nominated for the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub The nomination of the Oak Leaves was approved on 31 March and were awarded on 17 April 1945 after 50 aerial victories on 17 April 1945 the 836th officer or soldier of the Wehrmacht so honored 14 At the end of war he was taken prisoner of war and released in June 1945 2 Later life editFollowing the Wiederbewaffnung rearmament of the Federal Republic of Germany Lutje joined the German Air Force in July 1957 He retired holding the rank of Oberst colonel and died on 18 January 1967 in Cologne Wahn 2 Summary of career editAerial victory claims edit According Spick Lutje was credited with 53 aerial victories including two by day and 51 by night claimed in approximately 150 combat missions 15 Foreman Parry and Mathews authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 1945 researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 50 victory claims 16 Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims listing Lutje with 46 claims plus five further unconfirmed claims and one by his air gunner Oberfeldwebel Bogumil 17 Chronicle of aerial victories This and the Ace of spades indicates those aerial victories which made Lutje an ace in a day a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day This and the dash indicates unwitnessed aerial victory claims for which Lutje did not receive credit This along with the asterisk indicates that the aircraft was shot down by Lutje s air gunner This and the question mark indicates information discrepancies listed in Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 1945 but not in Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims Claim Date Time Type Location Serial No Squadron No III Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 17 1 6 September 1941 23 22 Whitley Metelen 9 2 20 September 1941 22 18 Wellington 1 km 0 62 mi west of Bad Bentheim 18 3 8 November 1941 00 04 Halifax 4 km 2 5 mi east of Terlet Airfield 19 Halifax L9603 No XXXV Madras Presidency Squadron 20 4 26 March 1942 23 50 Wellington 2 km 1 2 mi north of Vriezenveen 21 Wellington Z1143 No 214 Federated Malay States Squadron 22 5 4 June 1942 02 25 Wellington 23 8 Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 24 6 20 June 1942 02 32 Wellington 5 km 3 1 mi southwest of Raalte 25 7 26 June 1942 00 58 Wellington 100 km 62 mi northeast of Nordhorn 26 Wellington DV951 No 12 Operational Training Unit RAF 27 8 3 July 1942 01 40 Wellington 3 km 1 9 mi north of Nordhorn 28 9 26 July 1942 02 01 Wellington Wielen 29 Wellington Z1462 No 460 Squadron RAAF 30 10 10 August 1942 04 18 Wellington 8 km 5 0 mi northwest of Wierden 31 Wellington BJ608 No 150 Squadron RAF 32 11 18 August 1942 01 38 Lancaster 3 km 1 9 mi west of Emlichheim 33 12 27 August 1942 23 45 Wellington 3 km 1 9 mi southeast of Rechteren Castle 34 Wellington Z1212 No 460 Squadron RAAF 35 13 5 September 1942 02 53 Wellington northeast of Altenkeine 36 14 5 September 1942 03 59 Stirling 8 km 5 0 mi northwest of Hasselt 37 Stirling BF337 No 214 Federated Malay States Squadron 38 15 16 September 1942 23 22 Wellington 1 km 0 62 mi north of Ahaus 39 Wellington Z1084 No 22 Operational Training Unit RAF 40 16 17 December 1942 21 10 Lancaster 6 km 3 7 mi northeast of Zwolle 41 17 2 March 1943 00 08 Halifax 3 km 1 9 mi north of Zuidlo 42 Halifax DT797 No 408 Squadron 43 18 4 March 1943 11 31 B 17 west of Den Helder 42 B 17 41 24512 91st Bombardment Group 44 19 5 March 1943 21 35 Halifax 5 km 3 1 mi southeast of Staphorst 45 Halifax HR687 No 78 Squadron RAF 46 20 12 March 1943 21 18 Halifax 3 km 1 9 mi east southeast of Alstalte 47 21 30 March 1943 04 28 Lancaster 7 km 4 3 mi south of Raalte 48 Lancaster ED435 No 49 Squadron RAF 49 22 3 April 1943 22 45 Lancaster 3 km 1 9 mi west of Winterswijk 48 23 3 April 1943 23 37 Halifax 22 km 14 mi south of Zwolle 48 24 13 May 1943 23 52 Lancaster 5 km 3 1 mi southeast of Almelo 50 Lancaster ED667 No 57 Squadron 51 25 13 May 1943 23 42 Lancaster 5 km 3 1 mi north of Oldenzaal 50 Lancaster R5611 No 106 Squadron 51 26 13 May 1943 23 54 Lancaster 3 km 1 9 mi south of Horstel 50 Lancaster W4305 No 44 Squadron 51 27 14 May 1943 02 25 Halifax 5 km 3 1 mi west of Dedemsvaart 50 Halifax JB966 No 405 Squadron RCAF 51 28 14 May 1943 02 45 Halifax Dalen 50 Halifax JD113 No 419 Squadron RCAF 51 29 14 May 1943 02 55 Halifax 19 km 12 mi east of Hoogeveen 50 Halifax JB892 No 77 Squadron 51 30 3 September 1943 23 25 Lancaster 22 km 14 mi northeast of Rheine 52 3 September 1943 00 00 Lancaster 24 31 23 September 1943 22 50 Halifax 53 32 27 September 1943 23 40 Halifax Neustadt 54 IV Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 24 33 6 May 1944 01 05 Wellington northwest of Ploiești 55 34 7 May 1944 23 59 Wellington Marosheviz 55 35 8 May 1944 00 18 Wellington southwest of Blejești 55 36 10 June 1944 08 29 P 38 south of Bucharest 56 37 10 June 1944 08 31 P 38 south of Bucharest 56 38 29 June 1944 02 23 Wellington north of Stockerau 57 39 Note 3 9 August 1944 23 00 Wellington Romania 58 20 August 1944 23 05 Wellington Romania 24 40 Note 3 20 August 1944 23 05 Wellington 59 Romania 24 22 August 1944 01 05 Il 4 Romania 24 42 20 September 1944 23 30 Wellington northeast of Lake Neusiedl 60 Stab of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 61 43 2 February 1945 23 24 Lancaster west of Karlsruhe 62 44 14 February 1945 20 27 Lancaster 50 km 31 mi northeast of Frankfurt am Main 62 45 21 February 1945 20 43 Halifax southwest of Worms 63 46 21 February 1945 20 55 Halifax Saarbrucken 63 47 14 March 1945 21 24 Lancaster northwest of Nurnberg 64 48 16 March 1945 21 33 Lancaster 30 km 19 mi south southwest of Nurnberg 65 49 19 March 1945 04 45 Lancaster 66 50 21 March 1945 04 59 Lancaster 66 Awards edit Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 28 September 1942 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitan 67 German Cross in Gold on 28 January 1943 as Hauptmann in the 8 Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 68 Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Knight s Cross on 1 June 1943 as Hauptmann and Staffelkapitan of the 8 Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 69 70 836th Oak Leaves on 17 April 1945 as Major and Geschwaderkommodore of Nachtjagdgeschwader 6 69 71 Notes edit Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1 A2 and B1 B2 referred to as A B flight training A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics navigation long distance flights and dead stick landings The B courses included high altitude flights instrument flights night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations For pilots destined to fly multi engine aircraft the training was completed with the Luftwaffe Advanced Pilot s Certificate Erweiterter Luftwaffen Flugzeugfuhrerschein also known as the C Certificate For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Organisation of the Luftwaffe during World War II a b According to Mathews and Foreman this claim was unconfirmed 24 References editCitations edit Scutts 1998 p 88 a b c d e f g h Stockert 2011 p 96 a b c d e f Obermaier 1989 p 76 Prien et al 2000 p 44 Prien et al 2000 p 139 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 9 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 27 Prien et al 2003 p 46 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 30 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 pp 30 62 Pitchfork 2003 p 103 a b Aders 1978 p 230 Ziefle 2013 p 173 Stockert 2011 pp 96 97 Spick 1996 p 243 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 pp 30 244 a b Mathews amp Foreman 2015 pp 785 786 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 31 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 32 Halifax L9603 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 36 Wellington Z1143 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 43 a b c d e f g Mathews amp Foreman 2015 p 786 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 46 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 47 Wellington DV951 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 49 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 50 Wellington Z1462 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 54 Wellington BJ608 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 55 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 56 Wellington Z1212 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 57 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 58 Stirling BF337 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 59 Wellington Z1084 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 62 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 68 Bowman 2016 p 127 B 17 41 24512 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 70 Halifax HR687 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 71 a b c Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 72 Lancaster ED435 a b c d e f Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 80 a b c d e f Bowman 2016 p 146 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 110 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 115 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 118 a b c Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 174 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 186 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 194 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 208 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 210 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 218 Mathews amp Foreman 2015 p 1353 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 234 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 236 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 242 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 243 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 244 Patzwall 2008 p 139 Patzwall amp Scherzer 2001 p 289 a b Scherzer 2007 p 518 Fellgiebel 2000 p 298 Fellgiebel 2000 p 102 Bibliography edit Aders Gebhard 1978 History of the German Night Fighter Force 1917 1945 London Janes ISBN 978 0 354 01247 8 Bowman Martin 2016 Nachtjagd Defenders of the Reich 1940 1943 Barnsley South Yorkshire Pen and Sword Books ISBN 978 1 4738 4986 0 Fellgiebel Walther Peer in German 2000 1986 Die Trager des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 1945 Die Inhaber der hochsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile The Bearers of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 1945 The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches in German Friedberg Germany Podzun Pallas ISBN 978 3 7909 0284 6 Foreman John Parry Simon Mathews Johannes 2004 Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 1945 Walton on Thames Red Kite ISBN 978 0 9538061 4 0 Mathews Andrew Johannes Foreman John 2015 Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims Volume 2 G L Walton on Thames Red Kite ISBN 978 1 906592 19 6 Obermaier Ernst 1989 Die Ritterkreuztrager der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 1945 The Knight s Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 1945 in German Mainz Germany Verlag Dieter Hoffmann ISBN 978 3 87341 065 7 Patzwall Klaus D Scherzer Veit 2001 Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II The German Cross 1941 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 in German Norderstedt Germany Verlag Klaus D Patzwall ISBN 978 3 931533 45 8 Patzwall Klaus D 2008 Der Ehrenpokal fur besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War in German Norderstedt Germany Verlag Klaus D Patzwall ISBN 978 3 931533 08 3 Pitchfork Graham 2003 Shot down and on the run the RCAF and Commonwealth aircrews who got home from behind enemy lines 1940 1945 Toronto Dundurn Press ISBN 978 1 55002 483 8 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2000 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3 Einsatz in Danemark und Norwegen 9 4 bis 30 11 1940 Der Feldzug im Westen 10 5 bis 25 6 1940 Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3 Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940 The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940 in German Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 61 8 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2003 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 5 Heimatverteidigung 10 Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941 Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum Oktober 1940 bis November 1941 Einsatz im Westen 22 Juni bis 31 Dezember 1941 Die Erganzungsjagdgruppen Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflosung Anfang 1942 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 5 Defense of the Reich 10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941 Action in the Mediterranean Theater October 1940 to November 1941 Action in the West 22 June to 31 December 1941 The Supplementary Fighter Groups Action from 1941 until their Breakup in Early 1942 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 68 7 Scherzer Veit 2007 Die Ritterkreuztrager 1939 1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer Luftwaffe Kriegsmarine Waffen SS Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbundeter Streitkrafte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives The Knight s Cross Bearers 1939 1945 The Holders of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army Air Force Navy Waffen SS Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives in German Jena Germany Scherzers Militaer Verlag ISBN 978 3 938845 17 2 Scutts Jerry 1998 German Night Fighter Aces of World War 2 Aircraft of the Aces Vol 20 Oxford Osprey Publishing ISBN 978 1 85532 696 5 Spick Mike 1996 Luftwaffe Fighter Aces New York Ivy Books ISBN 978 0 8041 1696 1 Stockert Peter 2011 Die Eichenlaubtrager 1939 1945 Band 9 The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939 1945 Volume 9 in German Bad Friedrichshall Germany Friedrichshaller Rundblick OCLC 76072662 Thomas Franz 1998 Die Eichenlaubtrager 1939 1945 Band 2 L Z The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939 1945 Volume 2 L Z in German Osnabruck Germany Biblio Verlag ISBN 978 3 7648 2300 9 Ziefle Michael 2013 Messerschmitt Bf 110 Die Rehabilitierung eines Flugzeuges Messerschmitt Bf 110 The Rehabilitation of an Airplane in German Norderstedt Germany Books on Demand ISBN 978 3 8482 8879 3 Accident description for Boeing B 17 41 24512 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 September 2022 Accident description for Halifax HR687 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 September 2022 Accident description for Halifax L9603 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 September 2022 Accident description for Lancaster ED435 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 September 2022 Accident description for Stirling BF337 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 September 2022 Accident description for Wellington BJ608 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 September 2022 Accident description for Wellington DV951 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 September 2022 Accident description for Wellington Z1084 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 September 2022 Accident description for Wellington Z1143 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 September 2022 Accident description for Wellington Z1212 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 September 2022 Accident description for Wellington Z1462 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 September 2022 Military officesPreceded byMajor Heinrich Griese Commander of Nachtjagdgeschwader 613 September 1944 8 May 1945 Unit disbanded Portals nbsp Aviation nbsp Biography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Herbert Lutje amp oldid 1206644150, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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