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Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

April 05, 2024

This article is about the Prince of Wolfenbüttel. For other uses, see Henry IV.

Henry IV (14 June 1463 – 23 June 1514), called the Elder (German: Heinrich der Ältere), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Wolfenbüttel from 1491 until his death.

Henry IV
Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Reign1491–1514
Born14 June 1463
Died23 June 1514(1514-06-23) (aged 51)
Leerort, Leer
Noble familyHouse of Welf
Spouse(s)Catherine of Pomerania
Issue
Detail		Catherine
Henry V
Francis
FatherWilliam IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
MotherElizabeth of Stolberg-Wernigerode

Life edit

Henry's father, Duke William IV of Brunswick-Lüneburg retired in 1491, leaving government of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel with Caleneberg to his two sons Henry the Elder and Eric, and only kept the Principality of Göttingen for himself. In 1494, the brothers divided their territories between them: Henry received the eastern part of the state, with the cities of Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel, while Eric took over the Calenberg estates.[citation needed]

Starting in 1492, Henry laid siege to the City of Brunswick for a year and a half to enforce tax payments; the siege ended with a compromise. On 24 November 1498 Henry IV, Magnus and the latter's father John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg allied in order to conquer the Land of Wursten, a de facto autonomous region of free Frisian peasants in a marsh at the Weser estuary, under the loose overlordship of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.[1] Henry obliged to send 3,000 lansquenets to the Land of Hadeln, the Lauenburgian exclave serving as beachhead, with the lansquenets meant to gain their payment by looting and plundering the free peasants of Wursten, once successfully subjected.[2]

On 16 November, Prince-Archbishop Johann Rode of Bremen had prepared for this by concluding a defensive alliance with Hamburg, fearing for its military outpost Ritzebüttel at the Outer Elbe protecting free navigation from and to the city.[1] Rode gained more allies on 1 August 1499 (Bremen city, Buxtehude, Ditmarsh, and Stade), providing 1,300 warriors and equipment to defend Wursten and / or invade Hadeln, and waged a pre-emptive feud on John V and his allies on 9 September 1499.[3] Rode's allied forces easily conquered the Land of Hadeln.[4]

By 20 November 1499 Magnus hired the so-called Great or Black Guard of ruthless and violent Dutch and East Frisian mercenaries, commanded by Thomas Slentz, recapturing Hadeln in early 1500.[4][5] By early December 1499 Rode had addressed Duke Henry IV for help, who was actually allied with Magnus.[6] In return Rode offered to appoint Henry's 12-year-old son Christopher as his coadjutor, a position usually (as coadiutor cum iure succedendi), and in this case indeed, entailing the succession to the respective see.[6] This exactly accomplished Henry's own expansionist ambitions, so he converted to Rode's column.[7]

Henry IV and his troops were then hunting the Black Guard. Mediated by Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Calenberg and Henry IV, Rode and Magnus concluded peace on 20 January 1500.[7] Hadeln was restored to Magnus, thus no substantial change as compared with the status quo ante.[8]

On 1 February Rode and Bremen's cathedral chapter officially appointed Christopher as coadjutor.[8] Rode and chapter had agreed to pay for Christopher's necessary papal dispensation from the canon-law age limit, as he was too young to be coadjutor, while Henry IV guaranteed military support for the prince-archbishopric.[8] In 1501, Henry attacked Frisian Butjadingen, in order to subject it to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, but he had to abort the campaign. On 7 May 1501 Pope Alexander VI dispensed Christopher from being underage, which cost the Bremian see 1,500 Rhenish guilders.[8] Alexander VI confirmed Christopher as coadjutor under the proviso that he should only ascend to office having come of age (27 years), which was in 1514.[8] However, Christopher de facto assumed the rule in 1511, after Rode's death.[citation needed]

In 1509 Magnus and Henry's daughter Catherine married, which sealed the reconciliation of Henry and Magnus. In 1511, Henry, together with the other members of the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg, conquered the County of Hoya, which had refused to recognize Brunswick-Lüneburg as its liege lord. A second attack on East Frisia in 1514—in the course of the Saxon Feud—led to Henry's death; his head was shot off during the siege of Leerort Castle (today part of Leer).

Family edit

Henry married Catherine of Pomerania, daughter of Eric II, Duke of Pomerania, in 1486. They had the following children:

Ancestors edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 266. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.
  2. ^ Elke Freifrau von Boeselager, "Das Land Hadeln bis zum Beginn der frühen Neuzeit", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 321–388, here p. 332. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.
  3. ^ Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here pp. 267 seq. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.
  4. ^ a b Karl Ernst Hermann Krause, "Johann III., Erzbischof von Bremen", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. 14, pp. 183–185, here p. 184.
  5. ^ Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 267. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.
  6. ^ a b Karl Schleif, Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstifts Bremen, see references for bibliographical details, p. 20.
  7. ^ a b Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 268. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.
  8. ^ a b c d e Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: see references for bibliographical details, vol. II: pp. 263–278, here p. 269. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2.

References edit

  • Elke Freifrau von Boeselager, „Das Land Hadeln bis zum Beginn der frühen Neuzeit", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg und Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I 'Vor- und Frühgeschichte' (1995), vol. II Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte)' (1995), vol. III Neuzeit (2008), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), ISBN (vol. I) ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5, (vol. II) ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2, (vol. III) ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9, vol. II: pp. 321–388.
  • Karl Ernst Hermann Krause (1881), "Johann III. (Erzbischof von Bremen)", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 14, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 183–185
  • Karl Schleif, Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstifts Bremen, Hamburg: no publ., 1972, (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vol. 1), zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1968.
  • Michael Schütz, "Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode", in: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.), Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, vol. I Vor- und Frühgeschichte (1995), vol. II Mittelalter (einschl. Kunstgeschichte) (1995), vol. III Neuzeit (2008), (=Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; vols. 7–9), ISBN (vol. I) ISBN 978-3-9801919-7-5, (vol. II) ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2, (vol. III) ISBN 978-3-9801919-9-9, vol. II: pp. 263–278.
  • (in German)
  • (in German) At the House of Welf site

External links edit

Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Cadet branch of the House of Este
Born: 24 June 1463 Died: 23 June 1514
Regnal titles
Preceded by Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Calenberg
jointly with his brother Eric I
1491–1494 		Succeeded by
Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
jointly with his brother Eric I
1491–1494 		Succeeded by
himself, alone
Preceded by
himself and Eric I
 Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
1494–1514 		Succeeded by

April 05, 2024
henry, duke, brunswick, lüneburg, this, article, about, prince, wolfenbüttel, other, uses, henry, henry, june, 1463, june, 1514, called, elder, german, heinrich, Ältere, member, house, welf, duke, brunswick, lüneburg, ruling, prince, wolfenbüttel, from, 1491, . This article is about the Prince of Wolfenbuttel For other uses see Henry IV Henry IV 14 June 1463 23 June 1514 called the Elder German Heinrich der Altere a member of the House of Welf was Duke of Brunswick Luneburg and ruling Prince of Wolfenbuttel from 1491 until his death Henry IVDuke of Brunswick LuneburgPrince of Brunswick WolfenbuttelReign1491 1514Born14 June 1463Died23 June 1514 1514 06 23 aged 51 Leerort LeerNoble familyHouse of WelfSpouse s Catherine of PomeraniaIssueDetailCatherineHenry VFrancisFatherWilliam IV Duke of Brunswick LuneburgMotherElizabeth of Stolberg Wernigerode Contents 1 Life 2 Family 3 Ancestors 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksLife editHenry s father Duke William IV of Brunswick Luneburg retired in 1491 leaving government of the Principality of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel with Caleneberg to his two sons Henry the Elder and Eric and only kept the Principality of Gottingen for himself In 1494 the brothers divided their territories between them Henry received the eastern part of the state with the cities of Brunswick and Wolfenbuttel while Eric took over the Calenberg estates citation needed Starting in 1492 Henry laid siege to the City of Brunswick for a year and a half to enforce tax payments the siege ended with a compromise On 24 November 1498 Henry IV Magnus and the latter s father John V Duke of Saxe Lauenburg allied in order to conquer the Land of Wursten a de facto autonomous region of free Frisian peasants in a marsh at the Weser estuary under the loose overlordship of the Prince Archbishopric of Bremen 1 Henry obliged to send 3 000 lansquenets to the Land of Hadeln the Lauenburgian exclave serving as beachhead with the lansquenets meant to gain their payment by looting and plundering the free peasants of Wursten once successfully subjected 2 On 16 November Prince Archbishop Johann Rode of Bremen had prepared for this by concluding a defensive alliance with Hamburg fearing for its military outpost Ritzebuttel at the Outer Elbe protecting free navigation from and to the city 1 Rode gained more allies on 1 August 1499 Bremen city Buxtehude Ditmarsh and Stade providing 1 300 warriors and equipment to defend Wursten and or invade Hadeln and waged a pre emptive feud on John V and his allies on 9 September 1499 3 Rode s allied forces easily conquered the Land of Hadeln 4 By 20 November 1499 Magnus hired the so called Great or Black Guard of ruthless and violent Dutch and East Frisian mercenaries commanded by Thomas Slentz recapturing Hadeln in early 1500 4 5 By early December 1499 Rode had addressed Duke Henry IV for help who was actually allied with Magnus 6 In return Rode offered to appoint Henry s 12 year old son Christopher as his coadjutor a position usually as coadiutor cum iure succedendi and in this case indeed entailing the succession to the respective see 6 This exactly accomplished Henry s own expansionist ambitions so he converted to Rode s column 7 Henry IV and his troops were then hunting the Black Guard Mediated by Eric I Duke of Brunswick Luneburg Prince of Calenberg and Henry IV Rode and Magnus concluded peace on 20 January 1500 7 Hadeln was restored to Magnus thus no substantial change as compared with the status quo ante 8 On 1 February Rode and Bremen s cathedral chapter officially appointed Christopher as coadjutor 8 Rode and chapter had agreed to pay for Christopher s necessary papal dispensation from the canon law age limit as he was too young to be coadjutor while Henry IV guaranteed military support for the prince archbishopric 8 In 1501 Henry attacked Frisian Butjadingen in order to subject it to the Prince Archbishopric of Bremen but he had to abort the campaign On 7 May 1501 Pope Alexander VI dispensed Christopher from being underage which cost the Bremian see 1 500 Rhenish guilders 8 Alexander VI confirmed Christopher as coadjutor under the proviso that he should only ascend to office having come of age 27 years which was in 1514 8 However Christopher de facto assumed the rule in 1511 after Rode s death citation needed In 1509 Magnus and Henry s daughter Catherine married which sealed the reconciliation of Henry and Magnus In 1511 Henry together with the other members of the House of Brunswick Luneburg conquered the County of Hoya which had refused to recognize Brunswick Luneburg as its liege lord A second attack on East Frisia in 1514 in the course of the Saxon Feud led to Henry s death his head was shot off during the siege of Leerort Castle today part of Leer Family editHenry married Catherine of Pomerania daughter of Eric II Duke of Pomerania in 1486 They had the following children Christoper of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel Archbishop of Bremen c 1487 1558 Catherine of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel c 1488 29 June 1563 married Magnus I Duke of Saxe Lauenburg in November 1509 Henry of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel 1489 1568 succeeded as Duke of Brunswick Luneburg Francis of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel Bishop of Minden c 1492 1529 George of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel Archbishop of Bremen 1494 1566 Eric of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel c 1500 1553 joined the Teutonic Order William of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel died c 1557 joined the Teutonic Order Elizabeth of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel Abbess of Steterburg John of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel died as a child Ancestors editAncestors of Henry IV Duke of Brunswick Luneburg8 Henry the Mild Duke of Brunswick Luneburg4 William the Victorious Duke of Brunswick Luneburg9 Sophie of Pomarania2 William IV Duke of Brunswick Luneburg10 Frederick I Elector of Brandenburg5 Cecilia of Brandenburg11 Elisabeth of Bavaria Electress of Brandenburg1 Henry IV Duke of Brunswick Luneburg12 Henry of Stolberg6 Bodo VII Count of Stolberg Wernigerode13 Elizabeth of Hohenstein3 Elizabeth of Stolberg Wernigerode7 Anna of SchwarzburgNotes edit a b Michael Schutz Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode in see references for bibliographical details vol II pp 263 278 here p 266 ISBN 978 3 9801919 8 2 Elke Freifrau von Boeselager Das Land Hadeln bis zum Beginn der fruhen Neuzeit in see references for bibliographical details vol II pp 321 388 here p 332 ISBN 978 3 9801919 8 2 Michael Schutz Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode in see references for bibliographical details vol II pp 263 278 here pp 267 seq ISBN 978 3 9801919 8 2 a b Karl Ernst Hermann Krause Johann III Erzbischof von Bremen in see references for bibliographical details vol 14 pp 183 185 here p 184 Michael Schutz Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode in see references for bibliographical details vol II pp 263 278 here p 267 ISBN 978 3 9801919 8 2 a b Karl Schleif Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstifts Bremen see references for bibliographical details p 20 a b Michael Schutz Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode in see references for bibliographical details vol II pp 263 278 here p 268 ISBN 978 3 9801919 8 2 a b c d e Michael Schutz Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode in see references for bibliographical details vol II pp 263 278 here p 269 ISBN 978 3 9801919 8 2 References editElke Freifrau von Boeselager Das Land Hadeln bis zum Beginn der fruhen Neuzeit in Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser 3 vols Hans Eckhard Dannenberg und Heinz Joachim Schulze eds Stade Landschaftsverband der ehem Herzogtumer Bremen und Verden 1995 and 2008 vol I Vor und Fruhgeschichte 1995 vol II Mittelalter einschl Kunstgeschichte 1995 vol III Neuzeit 2008 Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem Herzogtumer Bremen und Verden vols 7 9 ISBN vol I ISBN 978 3 9801919 7 5 vol II ISBN 978 3 9801919 8 2 vol III ISBN 978 3 9801919 9 9 vol II pp 321 388 Karl Ernst Hermann Krause 1881 Johann III Erzbischof von Bremen Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie in German vol 14 Leipzig Duncker amp Humblot pp 183 185 Karl Schleif Regierung und Verwaltung des Erzstifts Bremen Hamburg no publ 1972 Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehemaligen Herzogtumer Bremen und Verden vol 1 zugl Hamburg Univ Diss 1968 Michael Schutz Die Konsolidierung des Erzstiftes unter Johann Rode in Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser 3 vols Hans Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz Joachim Schulze eds Stade Landschaftsverband der ehem Herzogtumer Bremen und Verden 1995 and 2008 vol I Vor und Fruhgeschichte 1995 vol II Mittelalter einschl Kunstgeschichte 1995 vol III Neuzeit 2008 Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem Herzogtumer Bremen und Verden vols 7 9 ISBN vol I ISBN 978 3 9801919 7 5 vol II ISBN 978 3 9801919 8 2 vol III ISBN 978 3 9801919 9 9 vol II pp 263 278 in German Zedlers Universal Lexicon vol 12 p 776 in German At the House of Welf siteExternal links editHenry IV Duke of Brunswick LuneburgHouse of WelfCadet branch of the House of EsteBorn 24 June 1463 Died 23 June 1514Regnal titlesPreceded byWilliam the Younger Duke of Brunswick LuneburgPrince of Calenbergjointly with his brother Eric I1491 1494 Succeeded byEric IDuke of Brunswick LuneburgPrince of Brunswick Wolfenbutteljointly with his brother Eric I1491 1494 Succeeded byhimself alonePreceded byhimself and Eric I Duke of Brunswick LuneburgPrince of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel1494 1514 Succeeded byHenry V Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henry IV Duke of Brunswick Luneburg amp oldid 1130448435, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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