Henry I (c. 1170 – 1252), a member of the House of Ascania, was Count of Anhalt from 1212 and the first ruling Anhalt prince from 1218 until his death.
He was the oldest son of Count Bernhard of Anhalt probably by his first wife Judith (or Jutta) of Poland, a daughter of Mieszko III the Old. Bernhard was enfeoffed with the Duchy of Saxony by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa after the deposition of the Welf duke Henry the Lion in 1180. After his death in 1212, his surviving sons divided his lands according to the laws of the House of Ascania: Henry received the old Ascanian allodial possessions in the Saxon Schwabengau around Ballenstedt, where he established the Principality of Anhalt; while his younger brother Albert inherited the Saxon ducal title and retained several unconnected Eastphalian estates around the towns of Wittenberg and Belzig (later Saxe-Wittenberg) as well as the northern lordship of Lauenburg.
Henry initially was a loyal supporter of the Hohenstaufen heir Frederick II, though later he temporarily switched sides to his Welf rival, Emperor Otto IV, was at feud with the Archbishops of Magdeburg, and campaigned the estates of Nienburg Abbey. From about 1215, he began to style himself "prince" (princeps, German: Fürst), and by Otto's death in 1218 was officially elevated to that rank attending the Hoftag diets of Emperor Frederick II. From 1220 Henry acted as a guardian for the minor sons of his Ascanian cousin, the late Margrave Albert II of Brandenburg, rivalling with both the Magdeburg archbishop Albert I of Käfernburg and his brother, Duke Albert of Saxony.
Partition of Anhalt among the sons of Henry I
Henry backed Emperor Frederick II during the rebellion of his son Henry (VII) in 1234 as well as on his Italian campaigns against the Lombard League, participating in the 1238 Siege of Brescia. Back in Germany, he became involved in the conflict between the Magdeburg archbishop Wilbrand von Käfernburg with his Ascanian cousins, the Margraves of Brandenburg, whereby the Nienburg estates were devastated by the troops of Margrave Otto III in 1242. Both sides reconciled in 1245, mediated by Duke Otto I of Brunswick who married his daughter Matilda, a niece of the Brandenburg margraves, off to Prince Henry's eldest son, Henry II.
Before his death, about 1245, Henry retired and divided the Anhalt principality between his sons: Henry II inherited Aschersleben, Bernhard received Bernburg, and Siegfried took Zerbst. His youngest surviving sons, Hermann and Magnus, were ordained priests. The House of Ascania ruled the Duchy of Anhalt until 1918.
Literary patron and poetEdit
Henry's most famous ministerialis (bondsman) was Eike von Repgow, a Saxon noble from Reppichau, who compiled the Sachsenspiegel, the most important legal code of the German Middle Ages. The prince also was a renowned Minnesänger. At the beginning of the 14th century, five of his Minnelieder (love songs) were copied into the Codex Manesse, an exceptionally beautiful collection. In this source, he is erroneously referred to as "Duke" (Herzog).
Judith (died after 14 May 1277), married by 10 March 1233 to Lord Nicholas I of Werle
Sophie (died 23 November 1272), first married to Duke Otto I of Merania, secondly to Count Siegfried of Regenstein, and thirdly to Otto of Hadmersleben
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This article does not cite any sources Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Henry I Prince of Anhalt news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Henry I c 1170 1252 a member of the House of Ascania was Count of Anhalt from 1212 and the first ruling Anhalt prince from 1218 until his death Henry IPrince of AnhaltPortrait in the Codex Manesse 14th centuryBornc 1170Died1252BuriedBallenstedtNoble familyHouse of AscaniaSpouse s Irmgard of ThuringiaIssueHenry II Prince of Anhalt AscherslebenBernhard I Prince of Anhalt BernburgSiegfried I Prince of Anhalt ZerbstFatherBernhard Count of AnhaltMotherJudith Jutta of Poland Contents 1 Life 2 Literary patron and poet 3 Marriage and issue 4 AncestorsLife EditHe was the oldest son of Count Bernhard of Anhalt probably by his first wife Judith or Jutta of Poland a daughter of Mieszko III the Old Bernhard was enfeoffed with the Duchy of Saxony by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa after the deposition of the Welf duke Henry the Lion in 1180 After his death in 1212 his surviving sons divided his lands according to the laws of the House of Ascania Henry received the old Ascanian allodial possessions in the Saxon Schwabengau around Ballenstedt where he established the Principality of Anhalt while his younger brother Albert inherited the Saxon ducal title and retained several unconnected Eastphalian estates around the towns of Wittenberg and Belzig later Saxe Wittenberg as well as the northern lordship of Lauenburg Henry initially was a loyal supporter of the Hohenstaufen heir Frederick II though later he temporarily switched sides to his Welf rival Emperor Otto IV was at feud with the Archbishops of Magdeburg and campaigned the estates of Nienburg Abbey From about 1215 he began to style himself prince princeps German Furst and by Otto s death in 1218 was officially elevated to that rank attending the Hoftag diets of Emperor Frederick II From 1220 Henry acted as a guardian for the minor sons of his Ascanian cousin the late Margrave Albert II of Brandenburg rivalling with both the Magdeburg archbishop Albert I of Kafernburg and his brother Duke Albert of Saxony nbsp Partition of Anhalt among the sons of Henry IHenry backed Emperor Frederick II during the rebellion of his son Henry VII in 1234 as well as on his Italian campaigns against the Lombard League participating in the 1238 Siege of Brescia Back in Germany he became involved in the conflict between the Magdeburg archbishop Wilbrand von Kafernburg with his Ascanian cousins the Margraves of Brandenburg whereby the Nienburg estates were devastated by the troops of Margrave Otto III in 1242 Both sides reconciled in 1245 mediated by Duke Otto I of Brunswick who married his daughter Matilda a niece of the Brandenburg margraves off to Prince Henry s eldest son Henry II Before his death about 1245 Henry retired and divided the Anhalt principality between his sons Henry II inherited Aschersleben Bernhard received Bernburg and Siegfried took Zerbst His youngest surviving sons Hermann and Magnus were ordained priests The House of Ascania ruled the Duchy of Anhalt until 1918 Literary patron and poet EditHenry s most famous ministerialis bondsman was Eike von Repgow a Saxon noble from Reppichau who compiled the Sachsenspiegel the most important legal code of the German Middle Ages The prince also was a renowned Minnesanger At the beginning of the 14th century five of his Minnelieder love songs were copied into the Codex Manesse an exceptionally beautiful collection In this source he is erroneously referred to as Duke Herzog Marriage and issue EditAbout the year 1211 Henry married Irmgard c 1197 c 1244 daughter of the Ludovingian landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia and a second cousin of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II through her paternal grandmother Judith of Swabia They had eleven children Henry II Prince of Anhalt Aschersleben born 1215 died 12 June 1266 Judith died after 14 May 1277 married by 10 March 1233 to Lord Nicholas I of Werle Sophie died 23 November 1272 first married to Duke Otto I of Merania secondly to Count Siegfried of Regenstein and thirdly to Otto of Hadmersleben Bernhard I Prince of Anhalt Bernburg born c 1218 died 1287 Albert died c 1245 a Franciscan friar Hermann died 1289 a canon in Halberstadt Magnus died after 18 June 1264 a canon in Magdeburg Otto died after 19 July 1246 a canon in Magdeburg Siegfried I Prince of Anhalt Zerbst born c 1230 died Kothen 25 March 1298 Hedwig died 21 December 1259 married on 8 May 1242 to Duke Boleslaw II of Silesia and Liegnitz Glogau Gertrud died 1275 Abbess of Gernrode 1260 1275 Ancestors EditAncestors of Henry I Prince of Anhalt8 Otto Count of Ballenstedt4 Albert the Bear9 Eilika of Saxony2 Bernhard Count of Anhalt10 Herman I Count of Winzenburg5 Sophie of Winzenburg11 A Countess of Everstein1 Henry I Count of Anhalt12 Boleslaw III Wrymouth6 Mieszko III the Old13 Salomea of Berg3 Judith Jutta of Poland14 Bela II of Hungary7 Elizabeth of Hungary15 Helena of Serbia Henry I of AnhaltHouse of AscaniaBorn c 1170 Died 1252Regnal titlesPreceded byBernhard Count of Anhalt1212 1218 County elevated to principalityAnhalt elevated to principality Prince of Anhalt1218 1252 Succeeded byHenry IIas Prince of Anhalt AscherslebenSucceeded byBernhard Ias Prince of Anhalt BernburgSucceeded bySiegfried Ias Prince of Anhalt Zerbst Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henry I Prince of Anhalt amp oldid 1174271478, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
