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Eastphalia

April 13, 2023

Not to be confused with East Westphalia.

Eastphalia (German: Ostfalen; Eastphalian: Oostfalen) is a historical region in northern Germany, encompassing the eastern Gaue (shires) of the historic stem duchy of Saxony, roughly confined by the River Leine in the west and the Elbe and Saale in the east. The territory corresponds with the southeastern part of the present-day states of Lower Saxony, western Saxony-Anhalt and northern Thuringia. Together with Westphalia, central Angria and Nordalbingia it was one of the four main Saxon administrative regions.

Eastphalia within Saxony circa 1000 CE
  Eastphalia
  Other parts of Saxony
  Rest of the German Kingdom
19th century map of Eastphalia circa 1000 CE, showing settlements and subdivisions

Etymology

The name Ostfalen probably means "east plain". Falen is a Germanic word meaning "flat", "level" and "plain" and is related to the Old Swedish word fala, found today in place names such as Falbygden and Falun, as well as in the northern German town of Fallstedt.[1] The North German Plain of Eastphalia and Westphalia, divided by the Weser river, stands in contrast to the hilly region to the south, the Central Uplands of Franconia and Thuringia. Unlike the name Westphalia, which was perpetuated by the Duchy of Westphalia held by the archbishop-electors of Cologne, the name Eastphalia gradually fell out of use when the Saxon stem duchy dissolved upon the deposition of Duke Henry the Lion in 1180.[1]

German linguists reintroduced the term in the 19th century in the course of researching the Eastphalian language as a West Low German dialect. With the rise of racial studies in the 19th and early 20th century, mention began to be made – notably by Hans F. K. Günther[2] – of a "Phalian" subtype (fälische Rasse) of an "Aryan race" according to the occult concept of Helena Blavatsky and her Ariosophic followers.

History

With Charlemagne's defeat and baptism of Duke Widukind in 785 during the Saxon Wars, his lands were integrated into the Frankish Empire and the Saxons were increasingly converted to Christianity.[3][4][5] The bishoprics of Halberstadt and Hildesheim were established in eastern Saxony, bounded by the Oker river, in 804 and 815 respectively. The medieval Duchy of Saxony was divided between the districts of Eastphalia (Ostfalahi), Westphalia and Engern.

The Eastphalian territory at the Harz mountain range was the hereditary lands of Henry the Fowler, the first Saxon duke to become King of the Romans in 919, and his descendants of the Ottonian dynasty. They left several Romanesque abbeys and castles, a cultural landscape that today encompasses three World Heritage Sites with the medieval town of Goslar and Quedlinburg, as well as St. Mary's Cathedral and St. Michael's Church at Hildesheim. As the Eastphalian territory bordered on the lands of the Polabian Slavs beyond the Elbe and Saale rivers, it became the starting point of the German Ostsiedlung ("settling of the East") started by the invasions of King Henry and continued by the Saxon margraves.

After the Welf duke Henry the Lion was placed under Imperial ban in 1180, Eastphalia was increasingly subdivided into smaller states,[1] foremost the Welf Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg and the counties of Anhalt, Wernigerode and Blankenburg as well as the Imperial city of Goslar, but also the ecclesiastical territories of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg, the prince-bishoprics of Hildesheim and Halberstadt and Quedlinburg Abbey. The Saxon tradition was perpetuated by the Ascanian dukes of Saxe-Wittenberg, who secured for themselves the electoral dignity and later established the Electorate of Saxony on the upper Elbe.

Subdivisions

Eastphalia consisted of several Gaue. The exact list is not known for sure and differs among authorities. From North to South, the Gaue were (where available, modernized names are used):

References

  1. ^ a b c Dieter Thierbach, Rätsel des Alltags: Jeder kennt Westfalen – gibt es auch Ostfalen? 2010-10-28 at the Wayback Machine, RP-online.de (August 9, 2005). Retrieved February 2, 2011. (in German)
  2. ^ Hans F. K. Günther, Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes, München (J. F. Lehmann) 1922.
  3. ^ Simon Speck, Paderborn als Stützpunkt der Sachsenmission − 4.2: Zwangschristianisierung Monograph, 22 pages. ISBN 978-3-638-66587-2 Retrieved October 12, 2009. (in German)
  4. ^ "Ein Blick in die Geschichte unserer Region − Die Zeit der Franken"[permanent dead link] radio-unna.de Quote: "Nach der Zwangschristianisierung wird Sachsen in Gaue eingeteilt, die als weiterentwickeltes Stammesrecht (lex saxonum) von Gaugrafen verwaltet werden." Retrieved October 12, 2009. (in German)
  5. ^ Webarchiv. Quote: Blutgericht von Verden, Karl d.G. läßt 4.500 Sachsen enthaupten; 10.000 ins das [sic] Frankenreic [sic] deportieren, Zwangschristianisierung der Sachsen". Retrieved March 2, 2010. (in German)

April 13, 2023
eastphalia, confused, with, east, westphalia, german, ostfalen, oostfalen, historical, region, northern, germany, encompassing, eastern, gaue, shires, historic, stem, duchy, saxony, roughly, confined, river, leine, west, elbe, saale, east, territory, correspon. Not to be confused with East Westphalia Eastphalia German Ostfalen Eastphalian Oostfalen is a historical region in northern Germany encompassing the eastern Gaue shires of the historic stem duchy of Saxony roughly confined by the River Leine in the west and the Elbe and Saale in the east The territory corresponds with the southeastern part of the present day states of Lower Saxony western Saxony Anhalt and northern Thuringia Together with Westphalia central Angria and Nordalbingia it was one of the four main Saxon administrative regions Eastphalia within Saxony circa 1000 CE Eastphalia Other parts of Saxony Rest of the German Kingdom19th century map of Eastphalia circa 1000 CE showing settlements and subdivisions Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Subdivisions 4 ReferencesEtymology EditThe name Ostfalen probably means east plain Falen is a Germanic word meaning flat level and plain and is related to the Old Swedish word fala found today in place names such as Falbygden and Falun as well as in the northern German town of Fallstedt 1 The North German Plain of Eastphalia and Westphalia divided by the Weser river stands in contrast to the hilly region to the south the Central Uplands of Franconia and Thuringia Unlike the name Westphalia which was perpetuated by the Duchy of Westphalia held by the archbishop electors of Cologne the name Eastphalia gradually fell out of use when the Saxon stem duchy dissolved upon the deposition of Duke Henry the Lion in 1180 1 German linguists reintroduced the term in the 19th century in the course of researching the Eastphalian language as a West Low German dialect With the rise of racial studies in the 19th and early 20th century mention began to be made notably by Hans F K Gunther 2 of a Phalian subtype falische Rasse of an Aryan race according to the occult concept of Helena Blavatsky and her Ariosophic followers History EditWith Charlemagne s defeat and baptism of Duke Widukind in 785 during the Saxon Wars his lands were integrated into the Frankish Empire and the Saxons were increasingly converted to Christianity 3 4 5 The bishoprics of Halberstadt and Hildesheim were established in eastern Saxony bounded by the Oker river in 804 and 815 respectively The medieval Duchy of Saxony was divided between the districts of Eastphalia Ostfalahi Westphalia and Engern The Eastphalian territory at the Harz mountain range was the hereditary lands of Henry the Fowler the first Saxon duke to become King of the Romans in 919 and his descendants of the Ottonian dynasty They left several Romanesque abbeys and castles a cultural landscape that today encompasses three World Heritage Sites with the medieval town of Goslar and Quedlinburg as well as St Mary s Cathedral and St Michael s Church at Hildesheim As the Eastphalian territory bordered on the lands of the Polabian Slavs beyond the Elbe and Saale rivers it became the starting point of the German Ostsiedlung settling of the East started by the invasions of King Henry and continued by the Saxon margraves After the Welf duke Henry the Lion was placed under Imperial ban in 1180 Eastphalia was increasingly subdivided into smaller states 1 foremost the Welf Duchy of Brunswick Luneburg and the counties of Anhalt Wernigerode and Blankenburg as well as the Imperial city of Goslar but also the ecclesiastical territories of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg the prince bishoprics of Hildesheim and Halberstadt and Quedlinburg Abbey The Saxon tradition was perpetuated by the Ascanian dukes of Saxe Wittenberg who secured for themselves the electoral dignity and later established the Electorate of Saxony on the upper Elbe Subdivisions EditEastphalia consisted of several Gaue The exact list is not known for sure and differs among authorities From North to South the Gaue were where available modernized names are used Bardengau around Luneburg sometimes considered part of Engern not Eastphalia Drevani a Slavic tribe Chojna sometimes considered part of Drevani Osterwalde Salzwedel Gretinge Hohne Mulbeze Balsamgau Stendal Flutwidde Astfala Hildesheim Derlingau Evessen Nordthuringgau Gudingau Elze Valothungo sometimes considered part of Gudingau Scotelingo sometimes considered part of Gudingau Aringo sometimes considered part of Gudingau Flenithi sometimes considered part of Gudingau Suilbergau Ambergau sometimes considered part of Salzgau Salzgau Salzgitter Densigau sometimes considered part of Salzgau Harzgau Halberstadt Schwabengau Hassegau Mansfeld Friesenfeld sometimes considered part of Hassegau References Edit a b c Dieter Thierbach Ratsel des Alltags Jeder kennt Westfalen gibt es auch Ostfalen Archived 2010 10 28 at the Wayback Machine RP online de August 9 2005 Retrieved February 2 2011 in German Hans F K Gunther Rassenkunde des deutschen Volkes Munchen J F Lehmann 1922 Simon Speck Paderborn als Stutzpunkt der Sachsenmission 4 2 Zwangschristianisierung Monograph 22 pages ISBN 978 3 638 66587 2 Retrieved October 12 2009 in German Ein Blick in die Geschichte unserer Region Die Zeit der Franken permanent dead link radio unna de Quote Nach der Zwangschristianisierung wird Sachsen in Gaue eingeteilt die als weiterentwickeltes Stammesrecht lex saxonum von Gaugrafen verwaltet werden Retrieved October 12 2009 in German Zeittafel der germanischen Volkerwanderung Webarchiv Quote Blutgericht von Verden Karl d G lasst 4 500 Sachsen enthaupten 10 000 ins das sic Frankenreic sic deportieren Zwangschristianisierung der Sachsen Retrieved March 2 2010 in German Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eastphalia amp oldid 1145048159, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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