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Henry Chadwick (writer)

Henry Chadwick (October 5, 1824 – April 20, 1908) was an English-American sportswriter, baseball statistician and historian, often called the "Father of Baseball" for his early reporting on and contributions to the development of the game. He edited the first baseball guide that was sold to the public. He is credited with creating box scores, as well as creating the abbreviation "K" that designates a strikeout. He was posthumously inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1938.

Henry Chadwick
Born(1824-10-05)October 5, 1824
Exeter, Devon, England, United Kingdom
DiedApril 20, 1908(1908-04-20) (aged 83)
Brooklyn, New York, United States
Resting placeGreen-Wood Cemetery
OccupationSportswriter
NationalityEnglish, American
Periodcirca 1850–1908
SubjectBaseball
Cricket
Notable works
  • Beadle's Dime Base-Ball Player (1860–1881)
  • DeWitt's Base-Ball Guide (1869–1885)
  • Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide

Baseball career
Member of the National
Baseball Hall of Fame
Induction1938
Election methodCentennial Commission

Early life edit

Chadwick was born on October 5, 1824, in Exeter, England to James Chadwick and his second wife Theresa.[1][2] His grandfather, Andrew Chadwick, had been a close friend of theologian John Wesley.[3] His father, James Chadwick, was a supporter of the French Revolution who also tutored John Dalton in music and botany.[4] James Chadwick had served as editor of a publication known as the Western Times.[5]

Henry Chadwick was the much younger half-brother of Sir Edwin Chadwick who was born in 1800. Edwin was England's sanitary philosopher who developed environmental measures and laws designed to counteract the effects of the Industrial Revolution.[6] Edwin Chadwick's mother died soon after Edwin’s birth.

Henry Chadwick moved to Brooklyn with his family at the age of 12, in the 1830s. Biographer Andrew Schiff writes that Chadwick "was not brought up to value possessions or with an understanding of commerce and trade; rather he received an education that was drenched in moral philosophy and science."[7] He began to write music and to teach piano and guitar.[8]

In 1848, Chadwick married Jane Botts from Richmond, Virginia. Botts' father Alexander had been president of the Virginia State Council. She was also related to politician John Botts.[9] Chadwick edited John Botts' work titled The Great Rebellion. Chadwick and his wife had three children, Richard Westlake Chadwick, in 1849, Susan Mary Chadwick, in 1851, and Rose Virginia Chadwick, 1853.[10]

Chadwick became a frequent player of cricket and similar ball games such as rounders. He began covering cricket for numerous local newspapers such as the Long Island Star. He first came across organized baseball in 1856 as a cricket reporter for The New York Times, watching a match played between New York's Eagles and Gothams at the Elysian Fields in Hoboken, New Jersey.[11] He focused his attention as a journalist and writer on baseball after joining the New York Clipper in 1857, and was also soon hired on to provide coverage for other New York papers including the Sunday Mercury.[12]

Contributions to baseball edit

Promotion of the game edit

Chadwick was one of the prime movers in the rise of baseball from the 19th century to its popularity at the turn of the 20th century. A keen amateur statistician and professional writer, he helped sculpt the public perception of the game, as well as providing the basis for the records of teams' and players' achievements in the form of baseball statistics. He also served on baseball rules committees and influenced the game itself. He is sometimes referred to as "the father of baseball" because he facilitated the popularity of the sport in its early days.[13]

Early baseball had a provision known as the "bound rule", which held that a fielder could catch a batted ball on one bounce and that it would still be recorded as an out. Chadwick was an outspoken critic of the rule for many years, stating that fielders should have to catch a ball on the fly for it to count as an out. In 1864, the bound rule was eliminated for balls hit into fair territory. The bound rule for foul balls persisted into the 1880s.[14] In a more recent view, Schiff suggests that Chadwick was the father of baseball because he nurtured the sport for decades, rather than a claim to have started the American game.[2]

Chadwick edited The Beadle Dime Base-Ball Player, the first annual baseball guide on public sale, as well as the Spalding and Reach annual guides for a number of years and in this capacity promoted the game and influenced the infant discipline of sports journalism. In his 1861 Beadle guide, he listed totals of games played, outs, runs, home runs, and strikeouts for hitters on prominent clubs, the first database of its kind. His goal was to provide numerical evidence to prove which players helped a team to win.

In 1867, he accompanied the National Base Ball Club of Washington, D.C., on their inaugural national tour, as their official scorer. The next year, Chadwick wrote the first hardcover baseball book, The Game of Base Ball.[11] In 1874, he was instrumental in organizing a tour of England which included games of both baseball and cricket. In his role as journalist, he campaigned against the detrimental effects on the game of both alcohol and gambling.

Despite a friendship with Albert Spalding, Chadwick was scornful of the attempts to have Abner Doubleday declared the inventor of baseball. "He means well", said Chadwick, "but he don't know". Chadwick later willed his baseball library to Spalding.[15]

Author William Cook wrote that "Chadwick was at times a bit self-aggrandizing, but his heart was always deeply rooted in looking after the best interest of the game."[16] An 1876 Chicago Tribune article attacked Chadwick's status as the father of baseball, saying in part that Chadwick "has had enough experience to have made himself a man of respect had heaven but given him a head ... he proceeded to call himself the '"Father of the Game,' and to assume much on the strength of the title. But he found an unruly child, and one which disinherited him with rapidity and ease."[16] Cook writes that Chadwick may have been a victim of "Western journalism", a sensationalized style of writing.[16]

Box scores and statistics edit

 
Box score from 1876

Chadwick is credited with devising the baseball box score[17] (which he adapted from the cricket scorecard) for reporting game events. The first box score appeared in an 1859 issue of the Clipper. It was a grid with nine rows for players and nine columns for innings. The original box scores also created the often puzzling abbreviation for strikeout as "K" – "K" being the last letter of "struck" in "struck out".[18] Chadwick assigned numbers to each defensive position for scorekeeping purposes, a system that remains in modern baseball scorekeeping.[19]

Chadwick is credited with devising various statistical measures for baseball. He wrote in 1869: "In making up a score at the close of the match the record should be as follows:–Name of player, total number of times the first base was made by clean hits, total bases so made, left on bases after clean hits, and the number of times the first base has been made on errors..."[20] This led to the recording of "clean" hits—times a batter reached base without benefit of an error.[20] Further refinement by other early baseball proponents led to all National League teams calculating batting averages by 1876.[20]

Journalistic style edit

The following description of a game was written by Henry Chadwick and appeared in his Base Ball Memoranda. It is typical of his style of sports journalism, and that of his time:

A Base Ball tourney had been held in Chicago on July 4, 1867, in which the Excelsiors of that city and the Forest City Club, of Rockford, had been the leading contestants. The former had defeated the Forest City nine in two games, by the very close scores of 45–41 in one, and 28–25 in another, when the Forest Citys were invited to meet the Nationals at Chicago on July 25, a day which proved the most notable of the tour. The contest took place at Dexter Park, before a vast crowd of spectators, the majority of whom looked to see the Nationals have almost a walk-over. In the game A. G. Spalding was pitcher and Ross Barnes shortstop for the Forest City nine; these two afterwards becoming famous as star players of the Boston professional team of the early seventies. Williams was pitcher for the Nationals and Frank Norton catcher. The Nationals took the lead in the first innings by 3 to 2; but in the next two innings they added but five runs to their score, while the Forest Citys added thirteen to theirs, thereby taking the lead by a score of fifteen to eight, to the great surprise of the crowd and the delight of the Rockfords. The Nationals tried hard to recover the lost ground. The final result, however, was the success of the Forest Citys by a score of 29 to 23 in a nine innings game, twice interrupted by rain.

Later life edit

Late in life, Chadwick continued editing the Spalding Base Ball Guides and producing a column for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle.[21] In late 1905, he wrote the editor of The New York Times to propose widening of the baseball bat to overcome the advantage that pitchers had established in the game. In his letter, Chadwick noted that some cricket experts had advocated for the narrowing of the cricket bat to bring balance to the advantage that belonged to the batter in that game.[22]

In the winter before the 1908 baseball season, Chadwick was struck by an automobile and was bedridden for several weeks.[21] He recovered and attended an exhibition game at the Polo Grounds the week before the season began. He caught a cold while at the game, and the illness worsened when he attended an Opening Day game at Washington Park in Brooklyn.[23]

On April 19, Chadwick was moving furniture from the fourth floor of his apartment to the second floor when he fell unconscious. He was diagnosed with pneumonia and heart failure. He awakened briefly and asked about the game between Brooklyn and New York, but he died the next day.[24] Henry Chadwick is interred at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York.

Legacy edit

For his contributions to the game of baseball, he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1938. He was inducted in the same ceremony as Alexander Cartwright.[15]

In 2009, the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR) established the Henry Chadwick Award to honor the outstanding contributions of baseball researchers. Bill James and John Thorn are among the award's recipients.[25]

A collection of historical baseball items, which featured a letter written by Chadwick on the origins of baseball, sold at auction in 2004 for $310,500.[26]

Chadwick was inducted to the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame during 2020.

Chadwick, through the Spalding Athletic Library collection, added "The Ancient History of Base Ball" in 1867 and "Technical Terms of Base Ball" in 1897.[27][28]

References edit

  1. ^ Birkett, Andy (July 6, 2015). "The Englishman dubbed 'the father of baseball'". BBC News. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
  2. ^ a b Schiff, Andrew (2008). "Henry Chadwick: The 'Father of Baseball' was a Sportswriter". The National Pastime. 28. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
  3. ^ Schiff, p. 24.
  4. ^ Schiff, p. 25.
  5. ^ Vaughn, Stephen, ed. (2007). Encyclopedia of American Journalism. Routledge. p. 89. ISBN 978-1135880200. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  6. ^ Schiff, pp. 27–29.
  7. ^ Schiff, p. 26.
  8. ^ McGuiggan, Amy W. (2009). Take Me Out to the Ball Game: The Story of the Sensational Baseball Song. University of Nebraska Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0803218918. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  9. ^ Swanson, Ryan A. (2014). When Baseball Went White: Reconstruction, Reconciliation, and Dreams of a National Pastime. University of Nebraska Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-0803255173. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  10. ^ Goode, G. Brown (2009). Virginia Cousins. Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 365. ISBN 978-0806351735. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  11. ^ a b "Chadwick, Henry". Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  12. ^ Spink, Alfred Henry. The national game, p. 356 (1911)
  13. ^ Arango, Tim (November 12, 2010). "Myth of baseball's creation endures, with a prominent fan". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  14. ^ Thorn, John. "The Knickerbocker Rules—and the Long History of the One-Bounce Fielding Rule". Major League Baseball. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  15. ^ a b Corcoran, Dennis (2010). Induction Day at Cooperstown: A History of the Baseball Hall of Fame Ceremony. McFarland. p. 26. ISBN 978-0786491476. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  16. ^ a b c Cook, William A. (2005). The Louisville Grays Scandal of 1877: The Taint of Gambling at the Dawn of the National League. McFarland. p. 169. ISBN 1476616396. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  17. ^ His Hall of Fame plaque states, in part: "Inventor of the box score. Author of the first rule-book ... Chairman of rules committee in first nationwide baseball organization." Lederer, Rich. By the Numbers: Computer technology has deepened fans' passion with the game's statistics. Memories and Dreams (Vol. 33, No. 6; Winter 2011[–2012], pp. 32–34). National Baseball Hall of Fame official magazine.
  18. ^ Pesca, Mike (July 30, 2009). "The Man Who Made Baseball's Box Score A Hit". NPR. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  19. ^ "Famous Resident: Henry Chadwick". Green-Wood Cemetery. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  20. ^ a b c Hershberger, Richard (2018). "How Bases on Balls were Scored: 1864–1888". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved April 6, 2024.
  21. ^ a b Schiff, p. 215.
  22. ^ Chadwick, Henry (October 13, 1905). "Defects in baseball rules" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  23. ^ Schiff, p. 219.
  24. ^ Schiff, pp. 219–20.
  25. ^ "Henry Chadwick Award". Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  26. ^ . Robert Ward Auctions. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  27. ^ SABR, Martin Hoerchner, May 1996. [1] Retrieved Feb 11, 2021
  28. ^ The New Dickson Baseball Dictionary: A Cyclopedic Reference. [2] Retrieved Feb 11, 2021

Bibliography edit

  • Tygiel, Jules. Past Time.
  • Schwarz, Alan (2004). The Numbers Game: Baseball's Lifelong Fascination With Statistics. New York: Thomas Dunne Books.
  • Schiff, Andrew (2008). "The Father of Baseball": A Biography of Henry Chadwick. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland.

External links edit

  • Henry Chadwick at the Baseball Hall of Fame
  • Hall of Fame graves – Gravesites of Baseball Hall of Famers
  • Works by Henry Chadwick at Project Gutenberg
  • Works by or about Henry Chadwick at Internet Archive
  • The Game of Base Ball (1868) July 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine – Complete text of Chadwick's 1868 book
  • Review of "The Father of Baseball: A Biography of Henry Chadwick"
  • Henry Chadwick at Library of Congress, with 22 library catalog records
  • Green-Wood Cemetery Burial Search

henry, chadwick, writer, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, henry, chadwick, writer, news, newspapers, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Henry Chadwick writer news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2013 Learn how and when to remove this message Henry Chadwick October 5 1824 April 20 1908 was an English American sportswriter baseball statistician and historian often called the Father of Baseball for his early reporting on and contributions to the development of the game He edited the first baseball guide that was sold to the public He is credited with creating box scores as well as creating the abbreviation K that designates a strikeout He was posthumously inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1938 Henry ChadwickBorn 1824 10 05 October 5 1824Exeter Devon England United KingdomDiedApril 20 1908 1908 04 20 aged 83 Brooklyn New York United StatesResting placeGreen Wood CemeteryOccupationSportswriterNationalityEnglish AmericanPeriodcirca 1850 1908SubjectBaseballCricketNotable worksBeadle s Dime Base Ball Player 1860 1881 DeWitt s Base Ball Guide 1869 1885 Spalding s Official Base Ball GuideBaseball careerMember of the NationalBaseball Hall of FameInduction1938Election methodCentennial Commission Contents 1 Early life 2 Contributions to baseball 2 1 Promotion of the game 2 2 Box scores and statistics 2 3 Journalistic style 3 Later life 4 Legacy 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External linksEarly life editChadwick was born on October 5 1824 in Exeter England to James Chadwick and his second wife Theresa 1 2 His grandfather Andrew Chadwick had been a close friend of theologian John Wesley 3 His father James Chadwick was a supporter of the French Revolution who also tutored John Dalton in music and botany 4 James Chadwick had served as editor of a publication known as the Western Times 5 Henry Chadwick was the much younger half brother of Sir Edwin Chadwick who was born in 1800 Edwin was England s sanitary philosopher who developed environmental measures and laws designed to counteract the effects of the Industrial Revolution 6 Edwin Chadwick s mother died soon after Edwin s birth Henry Chadwick moved to Brooklyn with his family at the age of 12 in the 1830s Biographer Andrew Schiff writes that Chadwick was not brought up to value possessions or with an understanding of commerce and trade rather he received an education that was drenched in moral philosophy and science 7 He began to write music and to teach piano and guitar 8 In 1848 Chadwick married Jane Botts from Richmond Virginia Botts father Alexander had been president of the Virginia State Council She was also related to politician John Botts 9 Chadwick edited John Botts work titled The Great Rebellion Chadwick and his wife had three children Richard Westlake Chadwick in 1849 Susan Mary Chadwick in 1851 and Rose Virginia Chadwick 1853 10 Chadwick became a frequent player of cricket and similar ball games such as rounders He began covering cricket for numerous local newspapers such as the Long Island Star He first came across organized baseball in 1856 as a cricket reporter for The New York Times watching a match played between New York s Eagles and Gothams at the Elysian Fields in Hoboken New Jersey 11 He focused his attention as a journalist and writer on baseball after joining the New York Clipper in 1857 and was also soon hired on to provide coverage for other New York papers including the Sunday Mercury 12 Contributions to baseball editPromotion of the game edit Chadwick was one of the prime movers in the rise of baseball from the 19th century to its popularity at the turn of the 20th century A keen amateur statistician and professional writer he helped sculpt the public perception of the game as well as providing the basis for the records of teams and players achievements in the form of baseball statistics He also served on baseball rules committees and influenced the game itself He is sometimes referred to as the father of baseball because he facilitated the popularity of the sport in its early days 13 Early baseball had a provision known as the bound rule which held that a fielder could catch a batted ball on one bounce and that it would still be recorded as an out Chadwick was an outspoken critic of the rule for many years stating that fielders should have to catch a ball on the fly for it to count as an out In 1864 the bound rule was eliminated for balls hit into fair territory The bound rule for foul balls persisted into the 1880s 14 In a more recent view Schiff suggests that Chadwick was the father of baseball because he nurtured the sport for decades rather than a claim to have started the American game 2 Chadwick edited The Beadle Dime Base Ball Player the first annual baseball guide on public sale as well as the Spalding and Reach annual guides for a number of years and in this capacity promoted the game and influenced the infant discipline of sports journalism In his 1861 Beadle guide he listed totals of games played outs runs home runs and strikeouts for hitters on prominent clubs the first database of its kind His goal was to provide numerical evidence to prove which players helped a team to win In 1867 he accompanied the National Base Ball Club of Washington D C on their inaugural national tour as their official scorer The next year Chadwick wrote the first hardcover baseball book The Game of Base Ball 11 In 1874 he was instrumental in organizing a tour of England which included games of both baseball and cricket In his role as journalist he campaigned against the detrimental effects on the game of both alcohol and gambling Despite a friendship with Albert Spalding Chadwick was scornful of the attempts to have Abner Doubleday declared the inventor of baseball He means well said Chadwick but he don t know Chadwick later willed his baseball library to Spalding 15 Author William Cook wrote that Chadwick was at times a bit self aggrandizing but his heart was always deeply rooted in looking after the best interest of the game 16 An 1876 Chicago Tribune article attacked Chadwick s status as the father of baseball saying in part that Chadwick has had enough experience to have made himself a man of respect had heaven but given him a head he proceeded to call himself the Father of the Game and to assume much on the strength of the title But he found an unruly child and one which disinherited him with rapidity and ease 16 Cook writes that Chadwick may have been a victim of Western journalism a sensationalized style of writing 16 Box scores and statistics edit nbsp Box score from 1876 Chadwick is credited with devising the baseball box score 17 which he adapted from the cricket scorecard for reporting game events The first box score appeared in an 1859 issue of the Clipper It was a grid with nine rows for players and nine columns for innings The original box scores also created the often puzzling abbreviation for strikeout as K K being the last letter of struck in struck out 18 Chadwick assigned numbers to each defensive position for scorekeeping purposes a system that remains in modern baseball scorekeeping 19 Chadwick is credited with devising various statistical measures for baseball He wrote in 1869 In making up a score at the close of the match the record should be as follows Name of player total number of times the first base was made by clean hits total bases so made left on bases after clean hits and the number of times the first base has been made on errors 20 This led to the recording of clean hits times a batter reached base without benefit of an error 20 Further refinement by other early baseball proponents led to all National League teams calculating batting averages by 1876 20 Further information Batting average baseball History Journalistic style edit The following description of a game was written by Henry Chadwick and appeared in his Base Ball Memoranda It is typical of his style of sports journalism and that of his time A Base Ball tourney had been held in Chicago on July 4 1867 in which the Excelsiors of that city and the Forest City Club of Rockford had been the leading contestants The former had defeated the Forest City nine in two games by the very close scores of 45 41 in one and 28 25 in another when the Forest Citys were invited to meet the Nationals at Chicago on July 25 a day which proved the most notable of the tour The contest took place at Dexter Park before a vast crowd of spectators the majority of whom looked to see the Nationals have almost a walk over In the game A G Spalding was pitcher and Ross Barnes shortstop for the Forest City nine these two afterwards becoming famous as star players of the Boston professional team of the early seventies Williams was pitcher for the Nationals and Frank Norton catcher The Nationals took the lead in the first innings by 3 to 2 but in the next two innings they added but five runs to their score while the Forest Citys added thirteen to theirs thereby taking the lead by a score of fifteen to eight to the great surprise of the crowd and the delight of the Rockfords The Nationals tried hard to recover the lost ground The final result however was the success of the Forest Citys by a score of 29 to 23 in a nine innings game twice interrupted by rain Later life editLate in life Chadwick continued editing the Spalding Base Ball Guides and producing a column for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle 21 In late 1905 he wrote the editor of The New York Times to propose widening of the baseball bat to overcome the advantage that pitchers had established in the game In his letter Chadwick noted that some cricket experts had advocated for the narrowing of the cricket bat to bring balance to the advantage that belonged to the batter in that game 22 In the winter before the 1908 baseball season Chadwick was struck by an automobile and was bedridden for several weeks 21 He recovered and attended an exhibition game at the Polo Grounds the week before the season began He caught a cold while at the game and the illness worsened when he attended an Opening Day game at Washington Park in Brooklyn 23 On April 19 Chadwick was moving furniture from the fourth floor of his apartment to the second floor when he fell unconscious He was diagnosed with pneumonia and heart failure He awakened briefly and asked about the game between Brooklyn and New York but he died the next day 24 Henry Chadwick is interred at Green Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn New York Legacy editFor his contributions to the game of baseball he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1938 He was inducted in the same ceremony as Alexander Cartwright 15 In 2009 the Society for American Baseball Research SABR established the Henry Chadwick Award to honor the outstanding contributions of baseball researchers Bill James and John Thorn are among the award s recipients 25 A collection of historical baseball items which featured a letter written by Chadwick on the origins of baseball sold at auction in 2004 for 310 500 26 Chadwick was inducted to the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame during 2020 Chadwick through the Spalding Athletic Library collection added The Ancient History of Base Ball in 1867 and Technical Terms of Base Ball in 1897 27 28 References edit Birkett Andy July 6 2015 The Englishman dubbed the father of baseball BBC News Retrieved July 6 2015 a b Schiff Andrew 2008 Henry Chadwick The Father of Baseball was a Sportswriter The National Pastime 28 Retrieved February 28 2024 Schiff p 24 Schiff p 25 Vaughn Stephen ed 2007 Encyclopedia of American Journalism Routledge p 89 ISBN 978 1135880200 Retrieved November 8 2014 Schiff pp 27 29 Schiff p 26 McGuiggan Amy W 2009 Take Me Out to the Ball Game The Story of the Sensational Baseball Song University of Nebraska Press p 3 ISBN 978 0803218918 Retrieved November 8 2014 Swanson Ryan A 2014 When Baseball Went White Reconstruction Reconciliation and Dreams of a National Pastime University of Nebraska Press p 207 ISBN 978 0803255173 Retrieved November 8 2014 Goode G Brown 2009 Virginia Cousins Genealogical Publishing Company p 365 ISBN 978 0806351735 Retrieved November 8 2014 a b Chadwick Henry Baseball Hall of Fame Retrieved March 8 2014 Spink Alfred Henry The national game p 356 1911 Arango Tim November 12 2010 Myth of baseball s creation endures with a prominent fan The New York Times Archived from the original on January 3 2022 Retrieved November 8 2014 Thorn John The Knickerbocker Rules and the Long History of the One Bounce Fielding Rule Major League Baseball Retrieved November 8 2014 a b Corcoran Dennis 2010 Induction Day at Cooperstown A History of the Baseball Hall of Fame Ceremony McFarland p 26 ISBN 978 0786491476 Retrieved November 8 2014 a b c Cook William A 2005 The Louisville Grays Scandal of 1877 The Taint of Gambling at the Dawn of the National League McFarland p 169 ISBN 1476616396 Retrieved November 8 2014 His Hall of Fame plaque states in part Inventor of the box score Author of the first rule book Chairman of rules committee in first nationwide baseball organization Lederer Rich By the Numbers Computer technology has deepened fans passion with the game s statistics Memories and Dreams Vol 33 No 6 Winter 2011 2012 pp 32 34 National Baseball Hall of Fame official magazine Pesca Mike July 30 2009 The Man Who Made Baseball s Box Score A Hit NPR Retrieved March 8 2014 Famous Resident Henry Chadwick Green Wood Cemetery Retrieved November 8 2014 a b c Hershberger Richard 2018 How Bases on Balls were Scored 1864 1888 Society for American Baseball Research Retrieved April 6 2024 a b Schiff p 215 Chadwick Henry October 13 1905 Defects in baseball rules PDF The New York Times Retrieved March 8 2014 Schiff p 219 Schiff pp 219 20 Henry Chadwick Award Society for American Baseball Research Retrieved March 8 2014 1907 Henry Chadwick The Graves Fraud Letter and Origins of Baseball Collection Robert Ward Auctions Archived from the original on November 8 2014 Retrieved November 8 2014 SABR Martin Hoerchner May 1996 1 Retrieved Feb 11 2021 The New Dickson Baseball Dictionary A Cyclopedic Reference 2 Retrieved Feb 11 2021Bibliography editTygiel Jules Past Time Schwarz Alan 2004 The Numbers Game Baseball s Lifelong Fascination With Statistics New York Thomas Dunne Books Schiff Andrew 2008 The Father of Baseball A Biography of Henry Chadwick Jefferson North Carolina McFarland External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Henry Chadwick nbsp Baseball portal Henry Chadwick at the Baseball Hall of Fame Hall of Fame graves Gravesites of Baseball Hall of Famers Works by Henry Chadwick at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Henry Chadwick at Internet Archive The Game of Base Ball 1868 Archived July 5 2008 at the Wayback Machine Complete text of Chadwick s 1868 book Review of The Father of Baseball A Biography of Henry Chadwick Henry Chadwick at Library of Congress with 22 library catalog records Green Wood Cemetery Burial Search Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henry Chadwick writer amp oldid 1217625319, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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