He was born in the island of St Thomas in the Danish West Indies, where his father was French consul. Together with his elder brother Charles, he was educated in Paris at the collège Rollin. In 1844, having graduated as a doctor of medicine and doctor of science, he was appointed to organize the new faculty of science at Besançon, where he acted as dean and professor of chemistry from 1845 to 1851. Returning to Paris in the latter year he succeeded Antoine Jérôme Balard at the École Normale, and in 1859 became professor at the Sorbonne in place of J. B. A. Dumas, for whom he had begun to lecture in 1853. He died at Boulogne-sur-Seine.[1]
In 1841, he began his experiments with investigations of oil of turpentine and tolu balsam, in the course of which he discovered toluene. But his most important work was perhaps in inorganic and thermal chemistry. In 1849 he discovered anhydrous nitric acid (nitrogen pentoxide), a substance interesting as the first obtained of the so-called "anhydrides" of the monobasic acids. In 1854, he succeeded in obtaining metallic aluminium, and ultimately he devised a method by which the metal could be prepared on a large scale by the aid of sodium, the manufacture of which he also developed. Together with Friedrich Wöhler, he discovered silicon nitride in 1857.[2] With Jules Henri Debray (1827–1888) he worked at the platinum metals, his object being on the one hand to prepare them pure, and on the other to find a suitable metal for the standard metre for the International Metric Commission then sitting at Paris. With Louis Joseph Troost (born 1825) he devised a method for determining vapour densities at temperatures up to 1400˚C, and, partly with F. Wöhler, he investigated the allotropic forms of silicon and boron.[1]
The artificial preparation of minerals, especially of apatite and isorhor-phous minerals and of crystalline oxides, was another subject in which he made many experiments. But his best known contribution to general chemistry is his work on the phenomena of reversible reactions, which he comprehended under a general theory of "dissociation." He first took up the subject about 1857, and it was in the course of his investigations on it that he devised the apparatus known as the "Deville hot and cold tube."[1]
^Deville, H.; Wöhler, F. (1857). "Ueber das Stickstoffsilicium (Erstmalige Erwähnung von Si3N4)". Liebigs Ann. Chem. 104: 256.
^"APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-01-19.
Catholic Encyclopedia article
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Sainte-Claire Deville, Étienne Henri". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 1.
A.G. Morachevskii (2006). "Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville (to 150th anniversary of the development of the first industrial method for production of aluminum)". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 79 (10): 1731–1735. doi:10.1134/S1070427206100399. S2CID 195240549.
August 23, 2023
henri, Étienne, sainte, claire, deville, this, article, about, chemist, brother, geologist, meteorologist, charles, joseph, sainte, claire, deville, march, 1818, july, 1881, french, chemist, henri, sainte, claire, devilleborn, 1818, march, 1818st, thomas, dani. This article is about the chemist For his brother the geologist and meteorologist see Charles Joseph Sainte Claire Deville Henri Etienne Sainte Claire Deville 11 March 1818 1 July 1881 was a French chemist Henri Sainte Claire DevilleBorn 1818 03 11 11 March 1818St Thomas Danish West IndiesDied1 July 1881 1881 07 01 aged 63 Boulogne sur Seine FranceNationalityFrenchKnown forDeville processScientific careerInstitutionsEcole Normale SorbonneDoctoral studentsLouis Joseph TroostHe was born in the island of St Thomas in the Danish West Indies where his father was French consul Together with his elder brother Charles he was educated in Paris at the college Rollin In 1844 having graduated as a doctor of medicine and doctor of science he was appointed to organize the new faculty of science at Besancon where he acted as dean and professor of chemistry from 1845 to 1851 Returning to Paris in the latter year he succeeded Antoine Jerome Balard at the Ecole Normale and in 1859 became professor at the Sorbonne in place of J B A Dumas for whom he had begun to lecture in 1853 He died at Boulogne sur Seine 1 In 1841 he began his experiments with investigations of oil of turpentine and tolu balsam in the course of which he discovered toluene But his most important work was perhaps in inorganic and thermal chemistry In 1849 he discovered anhydrous nitric acid nitrogen pentoxide a substance interesting as the first obtained of the so called anhydrides of the monobasic acids In 1854 he succeeded in obtaining metallic aluminium and ultimately he devised a method by which the metal could be prepared on a large scale by the aid of sodium the manufacture of which he also developed Together with Friedrich Wohler he discovered silicon nitride in 1857 2 With Jules Henri Debray 1827 1888 he worked at the platinum metals his object being on the one hand to prepare them pure and on the other to find a suitable metal for the standard metre for the International Metric Commission then sitting at Paris With Louis Joseph Troost born 1825 he devised a method for determining vapour densities at temperatures up to 1400 C and partly with F Wohler he investigated the allotropic forms of silicon and boron 1 The artificial preparation of minerals especially of apatite and isorhor phous minerals and of crystalline oxides was another subject in which he made many experiments But his best known contribution to general chemistry is his work on the phenomena of reversible reactions which he comprehended under a general theory of dissociation He first took up the subject about 1857 and it was in the course of his investigations on it that he devised the apparatus known as the Deville hot and cold tube 1 Deville was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1860 3 In 1885 the rue Sainte Claire Deville in the 12th arrondissement de Paris was named in his honour See also EditDevilline History of aluminiumSelected publications Edit De l aluminium et de ses combinaisons chimiques Comptes rendus de l Academie des sciences 1854 article analyse sur le site BibNum Memoire sur la fabrication du sodium et de l aluminium Annales de chimie et de physique 46 1856 415 58 De l aluminium ses proprietes sa fabrication et ses applications 1 vol in 8 Paris Mallet Bachelier 1859 176 pages L etat naissant des corps la Revue scientifique 22 janvier 1870 L internat dans l education la Revue scientifique 2 septembre 1871 References Edit a b c Chisholm 1911 Deville H Wohler F 1857 Ueber das Stickstoffsilicium Erstmalige Erwahnung von Si3N4 Liebigs Ann Chem 104 256 APS Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved 2021 01 19 Catholic Encyclopedia article This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Sainte Claire Deville Etienne Henri Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 24 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 1 Jaime Wisniak 2004 Henri Etienne Sainte Claire Deville A physician turned metallurgist Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 13 2 117 128 Bibcode 2004JMEP 13 117W doi 10 1361 10599490418271 S2CID 95058552 A G Morachevskii 2006 Henri Etienne Sainte Claire Deville to 150th anniversary of the development of the first industrial method for production of aluminum Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 79 10 1731 1735 doi 10 1134 S1070427206100399 S2CID 195240549 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Henri Etienne Sainte Claire Deville amp oldid 1161106707, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
