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Heishui Mohe

March 06, 2023

The Heishui Mohe (Chinese: 黑水靺鞨; pinyin: Hēishuǐ Mòhé; Manchu: Sahaliyan i Aiman or 薩哈廉部),[citation needed] also known as the Heuksu Malgal,[citation needed] rendered in English as Blackriver Mohe or Blackwater Mohe, were a tribe of Mohe people in Outer Manchuria along the Amur River (Chinese: 黑水; pinyin: Hēi Shuǐ; lit. 'Blackwater" or "Black River') in what is now Russia's Khabarovsk Krai, Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, and Heilongjiang in China.

History

The southern Heishui Mohe were subjects of King Seon (King Xuan) of Balhae (Bohai). Balhae was conquered by the Khitan-led Liao dynasty in AD 926.[1] The Heishui Mohe are sometimes linked with the Jurchen who established China's Jin dynasty in the 10th century and who later formed the core of the Manchus who established the Qing dynasty in the 17th century.[3] The Jurchen inhabited the forests and river valleys of the land which is now divided between China's Heilongjiang Province and Russia's Maritime Province,[4] outside the range of the Blackriver Mohe, and such links remain conjectural.[5]

Culture

The Mohe enjoyed eating pork, practiced pig farming extensively, and were mainly sedentary,[6] and also used both pig and wolf skins for coats. They were predominantly farmers and grew soybean, wheat, millet, and rice, in addition to engaging in hunting.[7]

Archaeological exploration

Modern archaeologists on both sides of the Amur/Heilongjiang River have made a number of conclusions about the correspondence of the discovered archaeological cultures to the ethnic groups known from ancient records. According to Russian archaeologists, prior to about the second half of the 7th century AD the Lesser Khingan mountain range formed a natural boundary between two groups of archaeological cultures. West of the range, the Talakan Culture (талаканская культура) was succeeded by the Mikhailovskaya Culture (михайловская культура), which has been identified with the Mongolic-speaking Shiwei people. East of the range, the Poltsevo Culture (польцевская культура) and the Naifeld Group (найфельдская группы, also known as Tongzhen Culture based on the findings on the Chinese side of the River) of the Mohe Culture was found; the latter was identified with the Tungusic Heishui Mohe people.[8]

According to the archaeological evidence, during the late 7th century through 10th century AD, some Naifeld-Culture Heishui Mohe migrated west of the range (to the section of the Amur Valley west of the Bureya River, and possibly also into the Nen River basin), absorbing the indigenous population of the area (which is evidenced e.g. by the presence of the ornaments associated with the autochthonous Mikhailovskaya Culture on the ceramics of the Neifeld [Heishui Mohe] people who had migrated into the Mikhailovskaya's former area). Modern researchers surmise that the migration of some of the Mohe people west of the range during the late 7th - early 8th century may have been caused by the pressure from the Balhae further south.[8]

Another Mohe group, the Sumo Mohe from the Sungari Valley migrated to the Western Amur Valley at roughly the same time as well. Which Mohe group arrived to the region first remains the subject of a dispute, hinging on radiocarbon and stratigraphic dating of various sites.[8]

There is some archaeological evidence for the migration of the Sumo Mohe to the northeast, to the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk as well, namely, apparent influence of the Neifeld Culture found in the ceramics of the Tokarevo Culture of the latter region.[8]

Chieftains

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ *Shin, Michael D. (2014), Korean History in Maps, Cambridge University Press, p. 66
  2. ^ Huang Pei (June 1990), "New Light on the Origins of the Manchu", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 50, pp. 239–82.
  3. ^ For example, by Huang.[2]
  4. ^ Elliott (2001), p. 47.
  5. ^ Elliott (2001), p. 48.
  6. ^ Gorelova 2002, pp. 13-4.
  7. ^ Gorelova 2002, p. 14.
  8. ^ a b c d С.П. Нестеров (S.P. Nesterov) ПУТИ И ВРЕМЯ МИГРАЦИИ ХЭЙШУЙ МОХЭ В ЗАПАДНОЕ ПРИАМУРЬЕ 2006-06-16 at the Wayback Machine (The routes and timing of the migration of the Heishui Mohe into the western Amur valley) (in Russian)

Bibliography

  • Aisin Gioro, Ulhicun; Jin, Shi. "Manchuria from the Fall of the Yuan to the rise of the Manchu State (1368-1636)" (PDF). Retrieved 10 March 2014.
  • Elliott, Mark C. (2001), The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China, Stanford: Stanford University Press, ISBN 0804746842.
  • Gorelova, Liliya M., ed. (2002). Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies, Manchu Grammar. Vol. Seven Manchu Grammar. Brill Academic Pub. ISBN 9004123075. Retrieved 6 May 2014.

March 06, 2023
heishui, mohe, chinese, 黑水靺鞨, pinyin, hēishuǐ, mòhé, manchu, sahaliyan, aiman, 薩哈廉部, citation, needed, also, known, heuksu, malgal, citation, needed, rendered, english, blackriver, mohe, blackwater, mohe, were, tribe, mohe, people, outer, manchuria, along, amu. The Heishui Mohe Chinese 黑水靺鞨 pinyin Heishuǐ Mohe Manchu Sahaliyan i Aiman or 薩哈廉部 citation needed also known as the Heuksu Malgal citation needed rendered in English as Blackriver Mohe or Blackwater Mohe were a tribe of Mohe people in Outer Manchuria along the Amur River Chinese 黑水 pinyin Hei Shuǐ lit Blackwater or Black River in what is now Russia s Khabarovsk Krai Amur Oblast Jewish Autonomous Oblast and Heilongjiang in China Contents 1 History 2 Culture 3 Archaeological exploration 4 Chieftains 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Citations 6 2 BibliographyHistory EditThe southern Heishui Mohe were subjects of King Seon King Xuan of Balhae Bohai Balhae was conquered by the Khitan led Liao dynasty in AD 926 1 The Heishui Mohe are sometimes linked with the Jurchen who established China s Jin dynasty in the 10th century and who later formed the core of the Manchus who established the Qing dynasty in the 17th century 3 The Jurchen inhabited the forests and river valleys of the land which is now divided between China s Heilongjiang Province and Russia s Maritime Province 4 outside the range of the Blackriver Mohe and such links remain conjectural 5 Culture EditThe Mohe enjoyed eating pork practiced pig farming extensively and were mainly sedentary 6 and also used both pig and wolf skins for coats They were predominantly farmers and grew soybean wheat millet and rice in addition to engaging in hunting 7 Archaeological exploration EditModern archaeologists on both sides of the Amur Heilongjiang River have made a number of conclusions about the correspondence of the discovered archaeological cultures to the ethnic groups known from ancient records According to Russian archaeologists prior to about the second half of the 7th century AD the Lesser Khingan mountain range formed a natural boundary between two groups of archaeological cultures West of the range the Talakan Culture talakanskaya kultura was succeeded by the Mikhailovskaya Culture mihajlovskaya kultura which has been identified with the Mongolic speaking Shiwei people East of the range the Poltsevo Culture polcevskaya kultura and the Naifeld Group najfeldskaya gruppy also known as Tongzhen Culture based on the findings on the Chinese side of the River of the Mohe Culture was found the latter was identified with the Tungusic Heishui Mohe people 8 According to the archaeological evidence during the late 7th century through 10th century AD some Naifeld Culture Heishui Mohe migrated west of the range to the section of the Amur Valley west of the Bureya River and possibly also into the Nen River basin absorbing the indigenous population of the area which is evidenced e g by the presence of the ornaments associated with the autochthonous Mikhailovskaya Culture on the ceramics of the Neifeld Heishui Mohe people who had migrated into the Mikhailovskaya s former area Modern researchers surmise that the migration of some of the Mohe people west of the range during the late 7th early 8th century may have been caused by the pressure from the Balhae further south 8 Another Mohe group the Sumo Mohe from the Sungari Valley migrated to the Western Amur Valley at roughly the same time as well Which Mohe group arrived to the region first remains the subject of a dispute hinging on radiocarbon and stratigraphic dating of various sites 8 There is some archaeological evidence for the migration of the Sumo Mohe to the northeast to the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk as well namely apparent influence of the Neifeld Culture found in the ceramics of the Tokarevo Culture of the latter region 8 Chieftains EditNishuliji Sinicized 倪屬利稽 pinyin Nishǔliji around 722 Gao Ziluo Go Jara Sinicized 高子羅 pinyin Gao Zǐluo defected to Goryeo with 170 men in February 921 A gu lang A eo han Sinicized 阿於閒 pinyin Ayuxian defected to Goryeo with 200 men in April 921 Adoutuofu Adutabul Sinicized 阿豆陀弗 paid tribute to Hyeonjong of Goryeo in 1021 See also EditMohe people Mohe Heilongjiang city in contemporary China History of Manchuria BalhaeReferences EditCitations Edit Shin Michael D 2014 Korean History in Maps Cambridge University Press p 66 Huang Pei June 1990 New Light on the Origins of the Manchu Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies vol 50 pp 239 82 For example by Huang 2 Elliott 2001 p 47 Elliott 2001 p 48 Gorelova 2002 pp 13 4 Gorelova 2002 p 14 a b c d S P Nesterov S P Nesterov PUTI I VREMYa MIGRACII HEJShUJ MOHE V ZAPADNOE PRIAMURE Archived 2006 06 16 at the Wayback Machine The routes and timing of the migration of the Heishui Mohe into the western Amur valley in Russian Bibliography Edit Aisin Gioro Ulhicun Jin Shi Manchuria from the Fall of the Yuan to the rise of the Manchu State 1368 1636 PDF Retrieved 10 March 2014 Elliott Mark C 2001 The Manchu Way The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China Stanford Stanford University Press ISBN 0804746842 Gorelova Liliya M ed 2002 Handbook of Oriental Studies Section 8 Uralic amp Central Asian Studies Manchu Grammar Vol Seven Manchu Grammar Brill Academic Pub ISBN 9004123075 Retrieved 6 May 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Heishui Mohe amp oldid 1140284898, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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