Hawaiian Kingdom–United States relations refers to the historical relationship between the independent Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States. Relations included several treaties and exchanges of trade and diplomatic representatives from 1820 to 1893.
While American missionaries and businessmen had settled as residents in the Hawaiian Kingdom since 1820, relations with the United States developed slowly, beginning in 1826, when the first treaty between the two countries was signed by Captain Thomas ap Catesby Jones and Kuhina NuiKaʻahumanu.
However, US recognition of Hawaii's government was suspended following the 1843 Paulet Affair, after which the United Kingdom and France announced their recognition of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Recognition was restored in 1849, when the United States and the Kingdom signed a treaty that established relations between the two countries. This treaty was signed one year after the US has expanded its territorial base to the Pacific coast of North America, making the two countries "neighbors".
Further treaties were signed between the United States and Hawaii, including the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875. Relations between the two countries were aggravated following the 1893 Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, in which then-Minister John L. Stevens had participated; he was accused of inappropriate conduct by the Blount Report, and was forced into retirement by the United States government that same year. After the Republic of Hawaii was proclaimed, a new minister, James Henderson Blount, was sent to the country to investigate the overthrow of the monarchy. After Blount issued his report, he was succeeded by Albert Sydney Willis, who convinced the deposed queen to grant an amnesty to the instigators of the coup, and then demanded that the Provisional Government turn power back to the monarchy. This was refused by Sanford B. Dole.
Diplomats from the kingdom to the USedit
Diplomatic representation in Washington, DC in the kingdom was through a series of ad hoc envoys, and a post roughly equivalent to the current diplomatic rank of Ambassador of full-time Minister to the United States.
^Rhoda E. A. Hackler (2008). ""Earnest Persuasion but Not Peremptory Demand:" United States Government Policy toward the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, 1820–1863". Hawaiian Journal of History. Vol. 42. Hawaii Historical Society. pp. 49–67. hdl:10524/342.
^Richard A. Greer (1995). "A. G. Abell's Hawaiian Interlude". Hawaiian Journal of History. Vol. 29. Hawaii Historical Society. pp. 57–74. hdl:10524/441.
^United States Department of State, Office of the Historian. "Visits By Foreign Leaders in 1874". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
^McKercher, B.J.C., ed. (2022). The Routledge Handbook of Diplomacy and Statecraft (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN9780367860424. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
^United States Department of State, Office of the Historian. "Visits By Foreign Leaders of Hawaii". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-14.
^. state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
^. state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
^. state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
^. state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
^. state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2010.
External linksedit
President Cleveland Message about Hawaii
U.S. Chiefs of Mission - Kingdom of Hawaii
January 01, 1970
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Hawaiian Kingdom United States relations news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2010 Learn how and when to remove this message Hawaiian Kingdom United States relations refers to the historical relationship between the independent Hawaiian Kingdom and the United States Relations included several treaties and exchanges of trade and diplomatic representatives from 1820 to 1893 American Hawaiian relationsUnited States Hawaii Contents 1 History 2 Diplomats from the kingdom to the US 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory editWhile American missionaries and businessmen had settled as residents in the Hawaiian Kingdom since 1820 relations with the United States developed slowly beginning in 1826 when the first treaty between the two countries was signed by Captain Thomas ap Catesby Jones and Kuhina Nui Kaʻahumanu However US recognition of Hawaii s government was suspended following the 1843 Paulet Affair after which the United Kingdom and France announced their recognition of the Hawaiian Kingdom Recognition was restored in 1849 when the United States and the Kingdom signed a treaty that established relations between the two countries This treaty was signed one year after the US has expanded its territorial base to the Pacific coast of North America making the two countries neighbors The first United States Minister to Hawaii diplomatic rank roughly equivalent to a modern Ambassador was David L Gregg who became minister to Hawaii in 1853 1 A commercial agent called Consul starting in 1844 had served in the islands since 1820 2 From November 1874 to February 1875 King Kalakaua made a state visit to the United States This was the first time that any foreign head of state or head of government had visited the United States 3 4 Kalakaua visited the United States again in 1881 as part of his world tour 5 Further treaties were signed between the United States and Hawaii including the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 Relations between the two countries were aggravated following the 1893 Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom in which then Minister John L Stevens had participated he was accused of inappropriate conduct by the Blount Report and was forced into retirement by the United States government that same year After the Republic of Hawaii was proclaimed a new minister James Henderson Blount was sent to the country to investigate the overthrow of the monarchy After Blount issued his report he was succeeded by Albert Sydney Willis who convinced the deposed queen to grant an amnesty to the instigators of the coup and then demanded that the Provisional Government turn power back to the monarchy This was refused by Sanford B Dole Diplomats from the kingdom to the US editDiplomatic representation in Washington DC in the kingdom was through a series of ad hoc envoys and a post roughly equivalent to the current diplomatic rank of Ambassador of full time Minister to the United States William Richards 1842 6 James Jackson Jarves 1849 7 William Little Lee 1855 1856 8 Elisha Hunt Allen 1856 1883 9 Henry A P Carter 1883 1891 10 John Mott Smith 1891 1893 11 See also editUnited States Minister to Hawaii List of bilateral treaties signed by the Hawaiian Kingdom Hawaii Tahiti relations Legal status of HawaiiReferences edit Rhoda E A Hackler 2008 Earnest Persuasion but Not Peremptory Demand United States Government Policy toward the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi 1820 1863 Hawaiian Journal of History Vol 42 Hawaii Historical Society pp 49 67 hdl 10524 342 Richard A Greer 1995 A G Abell s Hawaiian Interlude Hawaiian Journal of History Vol 29 Hawaii Historical Society pp 57 74 hdl 10524 441 United States Department of State Office of the Historian Visits By Foreign Leaders in 1874 history state gov Retrieved 2022 12 14 McKercher B J C ed 2022 The Routledge Handbook of Diplomacy and Statecraft 2nd ed New York Routledge ISBN 9780367860424 Retrieved 2022 12 14 United States Department of State Office of the Historian Visits By Foreign Leaders of Hawaii history state gov Retrieved 2022 12 14 Richards William office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 6 2012 Retrieved June 5 2010 Ralph Simpson Kuykendall 1965 1938 Hawaiian Kingdom 1778 1854 foundation and transformation Vol 1 University of Hawaii Press pp 377 379 ISBN 0 87022 431 X Lee William L office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 6 2012 Retrieved June 5 2010 Allen Elisha Hunt office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on May 27 2010 Retrieved June 5 2010 Carter Augustus Peirce office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 20 2012 Retrieved June 5 2010 Mott Smith John office record state archives digital collections state of Hawaii Archived from the original on March 6 2012 Retrieved June 5 2010 External links editPresident Cleveland Message about Hawaii U S Chiefs of Mission Kingdom of Hawaii Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hawaiian Kingdom United States relations amp oldid 1193309286, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
