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Harmon Trophy

January 07, 2023

The Harmon Trophy is a set of three international trophies, to be awarded annually to the world's outstanding aviator, aviatrix, and aeronaut (balloon or dirigible). A fourth trophy, the "National Trophy," was awarded from 1926 through 1938 to the most outstanding aviator in each of the twenty-one member countries and again from 1946–1948 to honor Americans who contributed to aviation. The award was established in 1926 by Clifford B. Harmon, a wealthy balloonist and aviator.

The Harmon Aviator Trophy

The awards are described by the Clifford B. Harmon Trust as:

"American awards for the most outstanding international achievements in the arts and/or science of aeronautics for the preceding year, with the art of flying receiving first consideration."[1]

World War II and Harmon's death

Prior to World War II, the award was administered by the International League of Aviators (Ligue Internationale des Aviateurs), an organization founded by Harmon to serve as "an agent for Peace and National security."[2] The League became defunct during the war and Harmon's death on June 25, 1945 in Cannes, France[3] put the awards in turmoil. Harmon left $55,000 of his estate to continue funding the award in "perpetuity," but Harmon's relatives challenged the bequest.[4] Ultimately, a trust fund of $48,431 was created in 1948.[5]

During the period the awards were in litigation (1945–1948), the American Section of the League awarded the International Aviator Trophy to three U.S. leaders in aviation. However, since the awards were not approved by other League Sections, the awards are technically invalid. Also, these three awards were given without consideration to the "art of flying" and the awards did not recognize a superlative aviation achievement, rather recognized American aviation industry leaders. President Truman's staff questioned the award to Alexander de Seversky, Secretary of the Air Force Stuart Symington stating, "he [de Seversky] did absolutely nothing to deserve it."[6] Truman also did not make time to present the 1948 award to Trans World Airlines CEO Ralph Damon[7] or Brazilian aviation pioneer Francisco Pignatari[8] The award to Pan American World Airways President Juan Trippe in 1946 was the only one presented without debate.

Since 1997 or 1998, the National Aeronautic Association has been responsible for awarding the trophies. With the exception of the Aeronaut trophy, all are inactive.

The trustees wrestled with how to treat space flight. Bound by the court to offer only three trophies, the trustees first agreed that "feats of piloting in both earth orbiting or outer space vehicles will be considered for the Harmon Awards provided the vehicles are controlled by their pilots rather than from the ground."[9] The advisory committee directed the trustees to alternate awarding the aeronaut trophy between balloonists and astronauts, but the trustees decided to offer the aviator award to aviation and astronaut recipients.[10] A fifth trophy was created in 1969 to honor achievements in space flight.[11]

Some aviatrix awards from 1980–1990 were awarded by the Ninety-Nines based on research performed by Fay Gillis Wells. This work was not coordinated with the NAA or Smithsonian.

The original awards were 24-inch-tall bronze statues.[12] The aviator trophy depicts World War I flying ace Raoul Lufbery launching a biplane set next to an eagle about to take wing. The statuette was created by sculptor Roussadana M'divani. The Smithsonian Institution acquired the aviator's trophy in 1950 from the Clifford B. Harmon Trust. The aviatrix trophy depicts a winged goddess cradling a falcon with outstretched wings. The aeronaut trophy was lost in Germany between May 1940 and October 1953 and was believed to have been sold as scrap. The three-foot-tall, 150-pound statue of five aviators holding the globe on their shoulders was found in a junk store and subsequently given to the Smithsonian after the presentation of the 1952 awards.[13]

List of award winners

The following is an incomplete list compiled from several sources. The Aeronaut, National and Astronaut categories have not been listed in a central location. The NAA and the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum worked to assemble a complete list to be published in conjunction with the NAA's hundredth anniversary in 2005, however this project was not completed and it appears that the source documents for a period of awards were destroyed.

Year Aviator[14] Aviatrix Aeronaut[15] National (until 1949) see below for Astronaut since 1967
1926 Lt. Col. Georges Pelletier d'Oisy, France[16] No award presented General Umberto Nobile, Italy Shirley J. Short, USA; Cdr. Hirosi Abe, Japan; Maj. Mario de Bernardi, Italy[17]
1927 Col. Charles A. Lindbergh, USA Lady Mary Bailey, UK Commander Charles E. Rosendahl, USA Joseph le Brix, Dieudonné Costas, France; Miguel García Granados, Guatemala; Francesco de Pinedo, Italy; Sidney Webster, UK; G. A. Koppen, Nederlands; José Manuel Sarmento, Portugal; Ribeiro Barros, Brazil
1928 Col. Arturo Ferrarin, Italy Lady Mary Bailey, UK Dr. Hugo Eckener, Germany Carl Eielson;[18] Charles Kingsford-Smith Australia[19]
1929 Lieut. Carl Ben Eielson, USA[20] Miss Winifred Spooner, UK Dr. Hugo Eckener, Germany Maj. James H. Doolittle, USA;[21] Hugh Grosvenor, Australia[19]
1930 Maj. Dieudonne Costes, France Miss Amy Johnson Mollison, UK Dr. Hugo Eckener, Germany (dirigible); Ward T. Van Orman, USA (spherical balloon) Lt. Cdr. Frank Hawks; Lt. Carlos de Haya González de Ubieta es:Carlos de Haya Gonzalez, Spain; Charles Kingsford-Smith, Australia[19]
1931 Air Marshal Italo Balbo, Italy[22] Mrs. Maryse Bastié, France[22] Dr. Hugo Eckener, Germany (dirigible); Prof. Auguste Piccard, Switzerland (spherical balloon)[22] Clyde Pangborn, USA; Hugh Herndon, USA; Ruth Nichols, USA; Air Commodore; Charles Kingsford-Smith Australia; Bert Hinkler, UK; Amy Johnson, UK; Peggy Salaman, UK; Captain von Gronau, Germany; Marga von Etzdorf, Germany[22]
1932 Wolfgang von Gronau; Germany[23] Mrs. Amelia Earhart Putnam, USA[23] Prof. Auguste Piccard, Switzerland (spherical balloon); Capt. Ernst A. Lehmann, (dirigible)[23] Roscoe Turner, USA; Warren D. Williams, USA (dirigible); Lt. Cdr. Charles E. C. Rosendahl, USA (dirigible); Lt. Thomas G. W. Settle, USA (spherical balloon);[23] Lt. Carlos de Haya González de Ubieta es:Carlos de Haya Gonzalez, Spain
1933 Wiley Post, USA[24] Maryse Hiltz, France[24] Lt. Cdr. Thomas G. W. Settle, USA (Spherical Balloon); Dr. Hugo Eckener, Germany (dirigible)[24] Mrs. Anne Morrow Lindbergh, USA; Lt. Cdr. Charles E. C. Rosendahl, USA (dirigible); Lt. Cdr. Thomas W. G. Settle, USA (spherical balloon); Francesco Agello, Italy; Mariano Barberan, Spain (posthumously); Herberts Cukurs, Latvia; Joaquin Collar, Spain (posthumously)[24]
1934 C. W. A. Scott; UK[25] Hélène Boucher, France (posthumously)[25] Capt. Ernst A. Lehmann, Germany (dirigible); Mme. Jeannette Piccard, Switzerland (United States) (spherical balloon)[25] Miss Laura Ingalls, USA; Dean C. Smith, USA; Lt. Cdr. H. V. Wiley, USA (dirigible); Maj. William E. Kepner, USA (spherical balloon); Edgardo Bonnet, Argentina; Maria Leloir de Udaondo, Argentina, Charles Kingsford-Smith, Australia, Teddy Franchomme, Belgium; E. Demuyter, Belgium, Mlle. S. Lippens, Belgium; Michael Hansen, Denmark; U. Makela, Finland; Jean Mermoz, France; Raymond Delmotte, France; Germain Bonnet, France; Heini Dittmar, Germany; Hans Kurt Fleming, Germany; Elly Beinhorn, Germany; K. D. Parmentier, Holland; Francesco Agello, Italy; Momosaburo Shinno, Japan; Choko Mabuchi, Japan; Kikuko Matsumoto, Japan; Capt. Jerzy Bajan, Poland; Franciszek Hynek, Poland; Humberto da Cruz, Portugal; Herman Baron, San Salvador; Luang Prung Prechakas, Siam; Ramon Torres, Spain; Walther Mittelholzer, Switzerland[25]
1935 Capt. Edwin Musick, USA[26] Jean Batten, UK

(New Zealand); Amelia Earhart, USA[26]

 Capt.Orvil Arson Anderson, USA; Capt.Albert William Stevens USA;(spherical balloon); Capt. Hans von Schiller, Germany (dirigible)[26] Arnold Looz-Corswarem, Belgium; Michael Hansen, Denmark; Harry Frank Broadbent, UK (Australia); André Japy, France; Bertha Alisch, Germany; Elly Beinhorn, Germany; Mario Stoppani, Italy; Casimiro Babbi, Italy; Marchesa Carina Negrone, Italy; Hoja Dzenitis, Lithuania; Gomez Namorado, Portugal; Juan Ignacio Pombo, Spain[26]
1936 Howard Hughes, USA[27] Jean Batten, UK (New Zealand)[27] Capt. Ernst A. Lehmann, Germany; Ernest De Muyter, Belgium Mrs. Louise Thaden, USA; James Diamond, USA;[27] Carl Götze Jr., Germany; Harry Frank Broadbent, UK (Australia)
1937 Henry T. Merrill, USA[28] Jean Batten, UK (New Zealand)[28] No award presented Miss Jacqueline Cochran, USA; Howard Hughes, USA[28]
1938 Howard Hughes, USA;[29] Jacqueline Cochran, USA[29] No award presented Lt. Col. Robert Olds, USA (Diploma of Honor); Roscoe Turner, USA; Capt. Kellett and crew, UK; Michael Hansen, Denmark; Maurice Rossi, France; Elizabeth Lion, France; Capt. Alfred Henks, Germany; Hanna Reitsch, Germany; Lt. Col. Mario Pezzi, Italy; Maj. Yuzo Fujita, Japan; Capt. Viktors Eglitis, Latvia; Victor Alfredo Lara, San Salvador; Maj. Tonnard, Belgium (spherical balloon); Capt. Max Pruss, Germany (dirigible); Capt. Antoni Janusz, Poland (spherical balloon)[29]
1939 Maj. Alexander P. de Seversky, USA[30] Jacqueline Cochran, USA[31] No award presented
1945 Francisco Pignatari, Brazil
1946 Juan T. Trippe, USA[32]
1947 Alexander P. de Seversky, USA[33]
1948 Ralph S. Damon[34]
1949 Louis A. Johnson[35]
1940
to 1949[36]		 Lt. Gen. James H. Doolittle, USA; Geoffrey de Havilland, UK (posthumously) (Citation of Honorable Mention); Capt. Charles E. Yeager, USA (Citation of Honorable Mention)[37] Jacqueline Cochran, USA; Pauline Gower, UK (posthumously) (Citation of Honorable Mention)[37] Vice Admiral Charles E. Rosendahl, USA; M. Charles Dollfus, France (Citation of Honorable Mention); Lt. Howard R. Walton, USA (posthumously) (Citation of Honorable Mention)[37]
1950 Col. David C. Schilling, USA[38] No award presented[38] National prize not awarded after 1949
1951 Capt. Charles F. Blair Jr, USA[39] Jacqueline Auriol, France[39] Lt. Carl J. Seiberlich, USN[39]
1952 Col. Bernt Balchen, USA (Norwegian-born)[40] Jacqueline Auriol, France[40] Walter L. Massic, USA[40]
1953 Maj. Charles E. Yeager, USA[41] Jacqueline Cochran, USA[41] No award presented[41]
1954 Major Charles E. Yeager, USA[42] Jacqueline Cochran, USA
1955 Group Captain John Cunningham, UK[43] Jacqueline Auriol, France[43] Lt. Cdr. Charles A. Mills, USA[43]
1956 Lt. Col. Frank K. Everest Jr., USA[44] Jacqueline Auriol, France Lt. Cdr. Malcolm D. Ross, USA; Lt. Cdr. Morton L. Lewis, USA[44]
1957 Gen. Curtis E. LeMay, USA[45] No award presented Cdr. Jack R. Hunt, USA[45]
1958 Maj. André Edouard Turcat, France[46] No award presented
1959 Capt. Joe B. Jordan, USA[47] No award presented Capt. Joseph Kittinger, USA[47]
1960 A. Scott Crossfield, USA; Capt. Joseph A. Walker, USA; Maj. Robert M. White, USA[48] No award presented
1961 Lt. Col. William R. Payne, USA[49] Jacqueline Cochran, USA[49] Cdr. Malcolm D. Ross, USA; Lt. Cdr. Victor E. Prather, USA (posthumously)[49]
1962 Maj. Fitzhugh L. Fulton Jr., USA[50] No award presented[50] Mrs. Nini Boesman, Netherlands (subsequently canceled[51])[50]
1963 Maj. L. Gordon Cooper, USA[50] Betty Miller, USA[50] No award presented[50]
1964 Max Conrad, USA[52] Joan Merriam Smith, USA (posthumously)[52] No award presented[52]
1965 Commander James A. Lovell Jr.; Lt. Col. Frank Borman; Captain Wally Schirra; Maj. Thomas P. Stafford (all USA)[53] No award presented
1966 Cmdr. James A. Lovell Jr.; Maj. Edwin E. Aldrin; Maj. Alvin S. White (all USA)[54][55] Sheila Scott, UK[54] No award presented[10]
1967 Major William J. Knight, USA[56] No award presented Astronaut
1968 Maj. Jerauld R. Gentry, USA[11] No award presented Col. Frank Borman; Capt. James A. Lovell Jr.; Lt. Col. William A. Anders (all USA)[11]
1969 Squadron Leader Thomas Lecky-Thompson, UK; Squadron Leader Graham Williams, UK[57] Turi Widerøe; Norway[57] No award presented[57] Neil Armstrong; Edwin E. Aldrin; Michael Collins[57]
1970 Brian Trubshaw, UK; Major André Edouard Turcat, France[58] Sheila Scott, UK No award presented
1971 Lt. Col. Thomas B. Estes, USA; Lt. Col. Dewain C. Vick, USA[58] Geraldyn Cobb, USA[58] No award presented
1972 Lt. Col. Edgar L. Allison, USA[59] No award presented No award presented
1973 Col. Edward J. Nash, USA[59] No award presented Malcolm S. Forbes Sr., USA[59] Captain Charles Conrad Jr.; Captain Paul J. Weitz; Captain Joseph Kerwin (all USA)[59]
1974
1975 Lt. Col. Herbert M. Fix, USA Marion Rice Hart, USA
1976 No award presented
1977
1978
1979 Byran Allen, USA No award presented
1980 Lt. (jg) John Currier, USCG No award presented
1981 Jerry Foster, USA[60] Janice Lee Brown, USA[60] John W. Young; Capt. Robert L. Crippen, Col. Joseph H. Engle; Capt. Richard Truly (all USA)[60]
1982 Dormon Cannon, USA; No award presented
1983 No award presented Dr. Sally Ride, USA
1984 Senator Barry Goldwater Brooke Knapp, USA
1985 No award presented No award presented
1986 Chief Warrant Officer Jon Iseminger, USA Jeana Yeager, USA
1987 Allen E. Paulson, USA Lois McCallin, USA
1988 Kanellos Kanellopoulos; Greece Anne Baddour, USA Per Lindstrand
1989 Capt. George A. Hof Jr., USA; Dr. Max E. Shauck, USA Gaby Kennard, Australia
1990 No award presented No award presented Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov, both Russia
1991 No award presented No award presented
1992 No award presented No award presented
1993 No award presented Vance D. Brand, USA
1994 No award presented No award presented
1995 No award presented Eileen M. Collins, USA
National Aeronautic Association.

Source:[61]

Year Aviator Aviatrix Aeronaut
1998 Steve Fossett
1999 Don Cameron Dr. Bertrand Piccard; Switzerland; Brian Jones, UK
2000 David Hempleman-Adams
2001 Jennifer Murray, UK (USA) Richard Abruzzo
2002 Steve Fossett
2003 Richard Abruzzo
2004 David Hempleman-Adams
2005 Carol Rymer Davis and Richard Abruzzo
2006 No award
2007 David Hempleman-Adams
2008 No award
2009 No award
2010 No award
2011 John Petrehn[62]
2012 No award
2013 No award
2014 No award
2015 Troy Bradley and Leonid Tiukhtyaev[63]
2016 No award
2017 No award
2018 Nicolas Tièche and Laurent Sciboz (Fribourg Freiburg Challenge Team)

See also

References

  1. ^ "Harmon International Trophies Origin and Purpose". Personal Collection of Charles E. Rosendahl. University of Texas, Dallas.
  2. ^ "Clifford B. Harmon to President Herbert Clark Hoover". Hoover Papers, Hoover Library. 1929-11-23.
  3. ^ "Col.Harmon Dies; Aviation Pioneer; Donor of Aeronautic Trophy a Leader in Modern Technique --Suggested World Force Turned to Ballooning Wanted International Air Force Part in Naval Bombing" (fee required). New York Times. 1945-07-03. p. 13. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
  4. ^ "3 Endorse Fund for Air Awards; Harmon Trophy Winners Testify in Fight of Heirs Against Bequest of $55,000" (fee required). New York Times. 1948-04-21. p. 56. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
  5. ^ "$48,431 to Harmon Fund; Sum Willed by Air Enthusiast to Maintain Trophy Awards" (fee required). New York Times. 1948-10-27. p. 54. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
  6. ^ "RB to Matthew J. Connelly". Truman Papers, Truman Library. 1947-06-14. p. WHCF: OF 1049 357R.
  7. ^ "Estelle Friedrichs to Matthew J. Connelly". Truman Papers, Truman Library. 1946-12-02. p. WHCF: OF 1049 357R.
  8. ^ "Matthew J. Connelly to Joseph P. Rowan". Truman Papers, Truman Library. 1949-07-25. p. WHCF: OF 1049 357R.
  9. ^ "Raphael H. Beauduy to Charles E. Rosendahl". Personal Collection of Charles E. Rosendahl. University of Texas, Dallas. 1962-02-21.
  10. ^ a b "Edward F. X. Ryan to Mary V. Brosnahan". Personal Collection of Charles E. Rosendahl. University of Texas, Dallas. 1967-08-03.
  11. ^ a b c "Maj. Gentry Gets Harmon Trophy" (fee required). New York Times. 1969-09-08. p. 82. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
  12. ^ . www.nasm.si.edu. Archived from the original on 5 December 2004. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  13. ^ "Missing Air Trophy is Returned to U.S." (fee required). New York Times. 1953-11-06. p. 14. Retrieved 2007-01-22.
  14. ^ Awards from 1926-1952 from Significant American and International Awards in Aviation, Bureau of Aeronautics, Department of the Navy, Revised February 1954
  15. ^ Aeronaut awards from 1998 on provided by the National Aeronautic Association's Recent aeronaut list[permanent dead link]
  16. ^ . Time. 1927-01-24. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  17. ^ "Air Mail Ace Wins Harmon 1926 Trophy; Aviation Award to Pilot Short Is for Merit of Consistent Flying Over Spectacular Performances". New York Times. 1927-01-14. Retrieved 2007-02-16.[dead link]
  18. ^ Carl "Ben" Eielson Biography, National Aviation Hall of Fame 2007-07-07 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ a b c The Harmon National Trophy for Australia, Airways Museum Virtual Tour
  20. ^ "Carl Ben Eielson, Pioneer Aviator". Office of Governor, State of North Dakota. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
  21. ^ Aviation Trophy Given to Doolittle; He Receives Harmon Award at Cleveland for His Work in "Blind" Flying, New York Times, April 8, 1931
  22. ^ a b c d General Balbo Wins the Harmon Trophy; Declared 1931 World Aviation Champion -- Ruth Nichols, Pangborn and Herndon Honored, New York Times March 5, 1932
  23. ^ a b c d Amelia Earhart Honored; Receives Award of Harmon Trophy for Transatlantic Flight, New York Times April 15, 1933
  24. ^ a b c d Post and Settle Win Flying Prizes; Gain Harmon International Trophies for 1933 for World and Stratosphere Flights. Mrs. Lindbergh Honored Takes Award as Leading U.S. Aviatrix Last Year -- Rosendahl and Eckener Also Named, New York Times April 22, 1934
  25. ^ a b c d Harmon Air Prize is Won by Scott; Briton Gets the International Award for Best Aviator -- Capt. Lehmann Honored, New York Times March 11, 1935
  26. ^ a b c d World's Air Title is Won by Musick; Veteran Pilot of Pan American Clipper Ships Is Named to Get the Harmon Trophy, New York Times, April 18, 1936
  27. ^ a b c Air Prize for Hughes; Jean Batten Honored; American Cross-Country Flier and New Zealand Girl Get Harmon Trophies, New York Times, March 1, 1937
  28. ^ a b c Merrill, Jean Batten Win Harmon Awards; Aviation Honors American and New Zealander-Hughes and Miss Cochran, Named, New York Times, February 18, 1938
  29. ^ a b c Hughes is Named Aviation Champion; Round-the-World Flier Gets Harmon Trophy--Olds of Army Wins Medal and Diploma, New York Times, March 25, 1939
  30. ^ De Seversky Honored for Plane Advances; Receives Harmon Trophy From President--Sees Air Navies, New York Times, December 20, 1940
  31. ^ Trophy Presented to Miss Cochran; Flier Receives the Clifford Burke Harmon Award From Mrs. Roosevelt, New York Times, November 9, 1940
  32. ^ Harry S. Truman - The President's Day, February 27, 1947
  33. ^ Harry S. Truman - Truman presenting aeronautics award to Alexander de Seversky, June 24, 1947
  34. ^ Ralph S. Damon Honored, New York Times June 24, 1949
  35. ^ "RLK to Matthew J. Connelly". Truman Papers, Truman Library. 1950-03-22. p. WHCF: OF 1049 357R.
  36. ^ Time Magazine, November 13, 1950
  37. ^ a b c Harry S. Truman - The President's Day, November 2, 1950
  38. ^ a b Harmon Prize Won by Col. Schilling; Leading Fighter Pilot in Last War Named World's Top Aviator of 1950, New York Times, July 5, 1951
  39. ^ a b c Airline Pilot Wins Top Harmon Prize; Capt. C. F. Blair Jr. Is Named 'Outstanding Aviator' - Award to Mme. Auriol, New York Times, July 5, 1952
  40. ^ a b c 3 Fliers Selected for Harmon Prizes; Col. Balchen, Jacqueline Auriol and Blimp Test Pilot Named Winners of 1953 {presented in 1953 for 1952} Trophies, New York Times, July 5, 1953
  41. ^ a b c Yeager, Cochran Win Air Trophies; Harmon Judges Pick Major and Aviatrix for Flights Topping Speed of Sound, New York Times, July 5, 1954
  42. ^ Harmon Prizes go for 2 Air 'Firsts'; Vertical-Flight Test Pilot and Airship Endurance Captain Are 1955 Winners, New York Times, July 5, 1955
  43. ^ a b c 3 Aviators to get Harmon Trophies; British Test Pilot, French Woman Flier and American Navy Officer Picked, New York Times, August 5, 1956
  44. ^ a b Three Fliers Win Harmon Awards; Honored for Aerial Achievements, New York Times, August 11, 1957
  45. ^ a b LeMay and Navy Blimp Man Get Harmon Air Prize, New York Times, November 13, 1958
  46. ^ Frenchman Cited as Flier of Year, New York Times, December 12, 1959
  47. ^ a b 2 Air Force Pilots Win Harmon Prizes, New York Times, July 3, 1960
  48. ^ John F. Kennedy - Remarks Upon Presenting the Harmon Trophy to Three Test Pilots of the X-15 Rocket Plane, November 28, 1961
  49. ^ a b c President Gives Harmon Trophies; Three Pilots and Widow of Another Get Awards, New York Times, October 19, 1962
  50. ^ a b c d e f Astronaut to get a Harmon Trophy; Cooper Will Be Honored for Orbital Trip in 1963, New York Times, August 2, 1964
  51. ^ Award to Dutch Balloonist Canceled by Harmon Trust, New York Times, September 7, 1964
  52. ^ a b c 2 Named Winners of Harmon Prizes; Max Conrad and Late Mrs. Smith Hailed for Flights, New York Times, August 8, 1965
  53. ^ Astronauts Names for Harmon Award, New York Times, August 7, 1966
  54. ^ a b Harmon Winners for 1967 {presented in 1967 for 1966} are Named, New York Times September 10, 1967
  55. ^ "Harmon Awards to Astronauts". Lincoln Journal Star. Lincoln, Nebraska. UPI. September 11, 1967. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. ^ Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks Upon Presenting the Harmon Trophy to Maj. William J. Knight, USAF, December 3, 1968
  57. ^ a b c d Two R.A.F. Pilots to Share Harmon Aviator's Trophy, New York Times September 7, 1970
  58. ^ a b c 5 Top Pilots Cited, New York Times, September 21, 1973
  59. ^ a b c d Gerald R. Ford - Remarks Upon Presenting the Harmon International Aviation Trophies, May 2, 1975
  60. ^ a b c The Daily Diary of President Ronald Reagan, Ronald Reagan Library, December 7, 1982
  61. ^ National Aeronautic Association
  62. ^ NAA Announces John Petrehn to Receive 2011 Harmon Trophy for Ballooning
  63. ^ Troy Bradley and Leonid Tiukhtyaev of the Two Eagles Balloon Flight to Receive the 2015 Harmon Trophy

External links

  • Harmon Aeronaut Trophy (National Aeronautic Association)
  • Harmon National Trophy for Australia

January 07, 2023
harmon, trophy, three, international, trophies, awarded, annually, world, outstanding, aviator, aviatrix, aeronaut, balloon, dirigible, fourth, trophy, national, trophy, awarded, from, 1926, through, 1938, most, outstanding, aviator, each, twenty, member, coun. The Harmon Trophy is a set of three international trophies to be awarded annually to the world s outstanding aviator aviatrix and aeronaut balloon or dirigible A fourth trophy the National Trophy was awarded from 1926 through 1938 to the most outstanding aviator in each of the twenty one member countries and again from 1946 1948 to honor Americans who contributed to aviation The award was established in 1926 by Clifford B Harmon a wealthy balloonist and aviator The Harmon Aviator Trophy The awards are described by the Clifford B Harmon Trust as American awards for the most outstanding international achievements in the arts and or science of aeronautics for the preceding year with the art of flying receiving first consideration 1 Contents 1 World War II and Harmon s death 2 List of award winners 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksWorld War II and Harmon s death EditPrior to World War II the award was administered by the International League of Aviators Ligue Internationale des Aviateurs an organization founded by Harmon to serve as an agent for Peace and National security 2 The League became defunct during the war and Harmon s death on June 25 1945 in Cannes France 3 put the awards in turmoil Harmon left 55 000 of his estate to continue funding the award in perpetuity but Harmon s relatives challenged the bequest 4 Ultimately a trust fund of 48 431 was created in 1948 5 During the period the awards were in litigation 1945 1948 the American Section of the League awarded the International Aviator Trophy to three U S leaders in aviation However since the awards were not approved by other League Sections the awards are technically invalid Also these three awards were given without consideration to the art of flying and the awards did not recognize a superlative aviation achievement rather recognized American aviation industry leaders President Truman s staff questioned the award to Alexander de Seversky Secretary of the Air Force Stuart Symington stating he de Seversky did absolutely nothing to deserve it 6 Truman also did not make time to present the 1948 award to Trans World Airlines CEO Ralph Damon 7 or Brazilian aviation pioneer Francisco Pignatari 8 The award to Pan American World Airways President Juan Trippe in 1946 was the only one presented without debate Since 1997 or 1998 the National Aeronautic Association has been responsible for awarding the trophies With the exception of the Aeronaut trophy all are inactive The trustees wrestled with how to treat space flight Bound by the court to offer only three trophies the trustees first agreed that feats of piloting in both earth orbiting or outer space vehicles will be considered for the Harmon Awards provided the vehicles are controlled by their pilots rather than from the ground 9 The advisory committee directed the trustees to alternate awarding the aeronaut trophy between balloonists and astronauts but the trustees decided to offer the aviator award to aviation and astronaut recipients 10 A fifth trophy was created in 1969 to honor achievements in space flight 11 Some aviatrix awards from 1980 1990 were awarded by the Ninety Nines based on research performed by Fay Gillis Wells This work was not coordinated with the NAA or Smithsonian The original awards were 24 inch tall bronze statues 12 The aviator trophy depicts World War I flying ace Raoul Lufbery launching a biplane set next to an eagle about to take wing The statuette was created by sculptor Roussadana M divani The Smithsonian Institution acquired the aviator s trophy in 1950 from the Clifford B Harmon Trust The aviatrix trophy depicts a winged goddess cradling a falcon with outstretched wings The aeronaut trophy was lost in Germany between May 1940 and October 1953 and was believed to have been sold as scrap The three foot tall 150 pound statue of five aviators holding the globe on their shoulders was found in a junk store and subsequently given to the Smithsonian after the presentation of the 1952 awards 13 List of award winners EditThe following is an incomplete list compiled from several sources The Aeronaut National and Astronaut categories have not been listed in a central location The NAA and the Smithsonian Institution s National Air and Space Museum worked to assemble a complete list to be published in conjunction with the NAA s hundredth anniversary in 2005 however this project was not completed and it appears that the source documents for a period of awards were destroyed Year Aviator 14 Aviatrix Aeronaut 15 National until 1949 see below for Astronaut since 19671926 Lt Col Georges Pelletier d Oisy France 16 No award presented General Umberto Nobile Italy Shirley J Short USA Cdr Hirosi Abe Japan Maj Mario de Bernardi Italy 17 1927 Col Charles A Lindbergh USA Lady Mary Bailey UK Commander Charles E Rosendahl USA Joseph le Brix Dieudonne Costas France Miguel Garcia Granados Guatemala Francesco de Pinedo Italy Sidney Webster UK G A Koppen Nederlands Jose Manuel Sarmento Portugal Ribeiro Barros Brazil1928 Col Arturo Ferrarin Italy Lady Mary Bailey UK Dr Hugo Eckener Germany Carl Eielson 18 Charles Kingsford Smith Australia 19 1929 Lieut Carl Ben Eielson USA 20 Miss Winifred Spooner UK Dr Hugo Eckener Germany Maj James H Doolittle USA 21 Hugh Grosvenor Australia 19 1930 Maj Dieudonne Costes France Miss Amy Johnson Mollison UK Dr Hugo Eckener Germany dirigible Ward T Van Orman USA spherical balloon Lt Cdr Frank Hawks Lt Carlos de Haya Gonzalez de Ubieta es Carlos de Haya Gonzalez Spain Charles Kingsford Smith Australia 19 1931 Air Marshal Italo Balbo Italy 22 Mrs Maryse Bastie France 22 Dr Hugo Eckener Germany dirigible Prof Auguste Piccard Switzerland spherical balloon 22 Clyde Pangborn USA Hugh Herndon USA Ruth Nichols USA Air Commodore Charles Kingsford Smith Australia Bert Hinkler UK Amy Johnson UK Peggy Salaman UK Captain von Gronau Germany Marga von Etzdorf Germany 22 1932 Wolfgang von Gronau Germany 23 Mrs Amelia Earhart Putnam USA 23 Prof Auguste Piccard Switzerland spherical balloon Capt Ernst A Lehmann dirigible 23 Roscoe Turner USA Warren D Williams USA dirigible Lt Cdr Charles E C Rosendahl USA dirigible Lt Thomas G W Settle USA spherical balloon 23 Lt Carlos de Haya Gonzalez de Ubieta es Carlos de Haya Gonzalez Spain1933 Wiley Post USA 24 Maryse Hiltz France 24 Lt Cdr Thomas G W Settle USA Spherical Balloon Dr Hugo Eckener Germany dirigible 24 Mrs Anne Morrow Lindbergh USA Lt Cdr Charles E C Rosendahl USA dirigible Lt Cdr Thomas W G Settle USA spherical balloon Francesco Agello Italy Mariano Barberan Spain posthumously Herberts Cukurs Latvia Joaquin Collar Spain posthumously 24 1934 C W A Scott UK 25 Helene Boucher France posthumously 25 Capt Ernst A Lehmann Germany dirigible Mme Jeannette Piccard Switzerland United States spherical balloon 25 Miss Laura Ingalls USA Dean C Smith USA Lt Cdr H V Wiley USA dirigible Maj William E Kepner USA spherical balloon Edgardo Bonnet Argentina Maria Leloir de Udaondo Argentina Charles Kingsford Smith Australia Teddy Franchomme Belgium E Demuyter Belgium Mlle S Lippens Belgium Michael Hansen Denmark U Makela Finland Jean Mermoz France Raymond Delmotte France Germain Bonnet France Heini Dittmar Germany Hans Kurt Fleming Germany Elly Beinhorn Germany K D Parmentier Holland Francesco Agello Italy Momosaburo Shinno Japan Choko Mabuchi Japan Kikuko Matsumoto Japan Capt Jerzy Bajan Poland Franciszek Hynek Poland Humberto da Cruz Portugal Herman Baron San Salvador Luang Prung Prechakas Siam Ramon Torres Spain Walther Mittelholzer Switzerland 25 1935 Capt Edwin Musick USA 26 Jean Batten UK New Zealand Amelia Earhart USA 26 Capt Orvil Arson Anderson USA Capt Albert William Stevens USA spherical balloon Capt Hans von Schiller Germany dirigible 26 Arnold Looz Corswarem Belgium Michael Hansen Denmark Harry Frank Broadbent UK Australia Andre Japy France Bertha Alisch Germany Elly Beinhorn Germany Mario Stoppani Italy Casimiro Babbi Italy Marchesa Carina Negrone Italy Hoja Dzenitis Lithuania Gomez Namorado Portugal Juan Ignacio Pombo Spain 26 1936 Howard Hughes USA 27 Jean Batten UK New Zealand 27 Capt Ernst A Lehmann Germany Ernest De Muyter Belgium Mrs Louise Thaden USA James Diamond USA 27 Carl Gotze Jr Germany Harry Frank Broadbent UK Australia 1937 Henry T Merrill USA 28 Jean Batten UK New Zealand 28 No award presented Miss Jacqueline Cochran USA Howard Hughes USA 28 1938 Howard Hughes USA 29 Jacqueline Cochran USA 29 No award presented Lt Col Robert Olds USA Diploma of Honor Roscoe Turner USA Capt Kellett and crew UK Michael Hansen Denmark Maurice Rossi France Elizabeth Lion France Capt Alfred Henks Germany Hanna Reitsch Germany Lt Col Mario Pezzi Italy Maj Yuzo Fujita Japan Capt Viktors Eglitis Latvia Victor Alfredo Lara San Salvador Maj Tonnard Belgium spherical balloon Capt Max Pruss Germany dirigible Capt Antoni Janusz Poland spherical balloon 29 1939 Maj Alexander P de Seversky USA 30 Jacqueline Cochran USA 31 No award presented1945 Francisco Pignatari Brazil1946 Juan T Trippe USA 32 1947 Alexander P de Seversky USA 33 1948 Ralph S Damon 34 1949 Louis A Johnson 35 1940 to 1949 36 Lt Gen James H Doolittle USA Geoffrey de Havilland UK posthumously Citation of Honorable Mention Capt Charles E Yeager USA Citation of Honorable Mention 37 Jacqueline Cochran USA Pauline Gower UK posthumously Citation of Honorable Mention 37 Vice Admiral Charles E Rosendahl USA M Charles Dollfus France Citation of Honorable Mention Lt Howard R Walton USA posthumously Citation of Honorable Mention 37 1950 Col David C Schilling USA 38 No award presented 38 National prize not awarded after 19491951 Capt Charles F Blair Jr USA 39 Jacqueline Auriol France 39 Lt Carl J Seiberlich USN 39 1952 Col Bernt Balchen USA Norwegian born 40 Jacqueline Auriol France 40 Walter L Massic USA 40 1953 Maj Charles E Yeager USA 41 Jacqueline Cochran USA 41 No award presented 41 1954 Major Charles E Yeager USA 42 Jacqueline Cochran USA1955 Group Captain John Cunningham UK 43 Jacqueline Auriol France 43 Lt Cdr Charles A Mills USA 43 1956 Lt Col Frank K Everest Jr USA 44 Jacqueline Auriol France Lt Cdr Malcolm D Ross USA Lt Cdr Morton L Lewis USA 44 1957 Gen Curtis E LeMay USA 45 No award presented Cdr Jack R Hunt USA 45 1958 Maj Andre Edouard Turcat France 46 No award presented1959 Capt Joe B Jordan USA 47 No award presented Capt Joseph Kittinger USA 47 1960 A Scott Crossfield USA Capt Joseph A Walker USA Maj Robert M White USA 48 No award presented1961 Lt Col William R Payne USA 49 Jacqueline Cochran USA 49 Cdr Malcolm D Ross USA Lt Cdr Victor E Prather USA posthumously 49 1962 Maj Fitzhugh L Fulton Jr USA 50 No award presented 50 Mrs Nini Boesman Netherlands subsequently canceled 51 50 1963 Maj L Gordon Cooper USA 50 Betty Miller USA 50 No award presented 50 1964 Max Conrad USA 52 Joan Merriam Smith USA posthumously 52 No award presented 52 1965 Commander James A Lovell Jr Lt Col Frank Borman Captain Wally Schirra Maj Thomas P Stafford all USA 53 No award presented1966 Cmdr James A Lovell Jr Maj Edwin E Aldrin Maj Alvin S White all USA 54 55 Sheila Scott UK 54 No award presented 10 1967 Major William J Knight USA 56 No award presented Astronaut1968 Maj Jerauld R Gentry USA 11 No award presented Col Frank Borman Capt James A Lovell Jr Lt Col William A Anders all USA 11 1969 Squadron Leader Thomas Lecky Thompson UK Squadron Leader Graham Williams UK 57 Turi Wideroe Norway 57 No award presented 57 Neil Armstrong Edwin E Aldrin Michael Collins 57 1970 Brian Trubshaw UK Major Andre Edouard Turcat France 58 Sheila Scott UK No award presented1971 Lt Col Thomas B Estes USA Lt Col Dewain C Vick USA 58 Geraldyn Cobb USA 58 No award presented1972 Lt Col Edgar L Allison USA 59 No award presented No award presented1973 Col Edward J Nash USA 59 No award presented Malcolm S Forbes Sr USA 59 Captain Charles Conrad Jr Captain Paul J Weitz Captain Joseph Kerwin all USA 59 19741975 Lt Col Herbert M Fix USA Marion Rice Hart USA1976 No award presented197719781979 Byran Allen USA No award presented1980 Lt jg John Currier USCG No award presented1981 Jerry Foster USA 60 Janice Lee Brown USA 60 John W Young Capt Robert L Crippen Col Joseph H Engle Capt Richard Truly all USA 60 1982 Dormon Cannon USA No award presented1983 No award presented Dr Sally Ride USA1984 Senator Barry Goldwater Brooke Knapp USA1985 No award presented No award presented1986 Chief Warrant Officer Jon Iseminger USA Jeana Yeager USA1987 Allen E Paulson USA Lois McCallin USA1988 Kanellos Kanellopoulos Greece Anne Baddour USA Per Lindstrand1989 Capt George A Hof Jr USA Dr Max E Shauck USA Gaby Kennard Australia1990 No award presented No award presented Vladimir Titov and Musa Manarov both Russia1991 No award presented No award presented1992 No award presented No award presented1993 No award presented Vance D Brand USA1994 No award presented No award presented1995 No award presented Eileen M Collins USANational Aeronautic Association Source 61 Year Aviator Aviatrix Aeronaut1998 Steve Fossett1999 Don Cameron Dr Bertrand Piccard Switzerland Brian Jones UK2000 David Hempleman Adams2001 Jennifer Murray UK USA Richard Abruzzo2002 Steve Fossett2003 Richard Abruzzo2004 David Hempleman Adams2005 Carol Rymer Davis and Richard Abruzzo2006 No award2007 David Hempleman Adams2008 No award2009 No award2010 No award2011 John Petrehn 62 2012 No award2013 No award2014 No award2015 Troy Bradley and Leonid Tiukhtyaev 63 2016 No award2017 No award2018 Nicolas Tieche and Laurent Sciboz Fribourg Freiburg Challenge Team See also EditList of aviation awardsReferences Edit Harmon International Trophies Origin and Purpose Personal Collection of Charles E Rosendahl University of Texas Dallas Clifford B Harmon to President Herbert Clark Hoover Hoover Papers Hoover Library 1929 11 23 Col Harmon Dies Aviation Pioneer Donor of Aeronautic Trophy a Leader in Modern Technique Suggested World Force Turned to Ballooning Wanted International Air Force Part in Naval Bombing fee required New York Times 1945 07 03 p 13 Retrieved 2007 01 22 3 Endorse Fund for Air Awards Harmon Trophy Winners Testify in Fight of Heirs Against Bequest of 55 000 fee required New York Times 1948 04 21 p 56 Retrieved 2007 01 22 48 431 to Harmon Fund Sum Willed by Air Enthusiast to Maintain Trophy Awards fee required New York Times 1948 10 27 p 54 Retrieved 2007 01 22 RB to Matthew J Connelly Truman Papers Truman Library 1947 06 14 p WHCF OF 1049 357R Estelle Friedrichs to Matthew J Connelly Truman Papers Truman Library 1946 12 02 p WHCF OF 1049 357R Matthew J Connelly to Joseph P Rowan Truman Papers Truman Library 1949 07 25 p WHCF OF 1049 357R Raphael H Beauduy to Charles E Rosendahl Personal Collection of Charles E Rosendahl University of Texas Dallas 1962 02 21 a b Edward F X Ryan to Mary V Brosnahan Personal Collection of Charles E Rosendahl University of Texas Dallas 1967 08 03 a b c Maj Gentry Gets Harmon Trophy fee required New York Times 1969 09 08 p 82 Retrieved 2007 01 22 Archived copy www nasm si edu Archived from the original on 5 December 2004 Retrieved 12 January 2022 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Missing Air Trophy is Returned to U S fee required New York Times 1953 11 06 p 14 Retrieved 2007 01 22 Awards from 1926 1952 from Significant American and International Awards in Aviation Bureau of Aeronautics Department of the Navy Revised February 1954 Aeronaut awards from 1998 on provided by the National Aeronautic Association s Recent aeronaut list permanent dead link Peace Ace Time 1927 01 24 Archived from the original on March 7 2008 Retrieved 2007 02 16 Air Mail Ace Wins Harmon 1926 Trophy Aviation Award to Pilot Short Is for Merit of Consistent Flying Over Spectacular Performances New York Times 1927 01 14 Retrieved 2007 02 16 dead link Carl Ben Eielson Biography National Aviation Hall of Fame Archived 2007 07 07 at the Wayback Machine a b c The Harmon National Trophy for Australia Airways Museum Virtual Tour Carl Ben Eielson Pioneer Aviator Office of Governor State of North Dakota Retrieved 2021 03 20 Aviation Trophy Given to Doolittle He Receives Harmon Award at Cleveland for His Work in Blind Flying New York Times April 8 1931 a b c d General Balbo Wins the Harmon Trophy Declared 1931 World Aviation Champion Ruth Nichols Pangborn and Herndon Honored New York Times March 5 1932 a b c d Amelia Earhart Honored Receives Award of Harmon Trophy for Transatlantic Flight New York Times April 15 1933 a b c d Post and Settle Win Flying Prizes Gain Harmon International Trophies for 1933 for World and Stratosphere Flights Mrs Lindbergh Honored Takes Award as Leading U S Aviatrix Last Year Rosendahl and Eckener Also Named New York Times April 22 1934 a b c d Harmon Air Prize is Won by Scott Briton Gets the International Award for Best Aviator Capt Lehmann Honored New York Times March 11 1935 a b c d World s Air Title is Won by Musick Veteran Pilot of Pan American Clipper Ships Is Named to Get the Harmon Trophy New York Times April 18 1936 a b c Air Prize for Hughes Jean Batten Honored American Cross Country Flier and New Zealand Girl Get Harmon Trophies New York Times March 1 1937 a b c Merrill Jean Batten Win Harmon Awards Aviation Honors American and New Zealander Hughes and Miss Cochran Named New York Times February 18 1938 a b c Hughes is Named Aviation Champion Round the World Flier Gets Harmon Trophy Olds of Army Wins Medal and Diploma New York Times March 25 1939 De Seversky Honored for Plane Advances Receives Harmon Trophy From President Sees Air Navies New York Times December 20 1940 Trophy Presented to Miss Cochran Flier Receives the Clifford Burke Harmon Award From Mrs Roosevelt New York Times November 9 1940 Harry S Truman The President s Day February 27 1947 Harry S Truman Truman presenting aeronautics award to Alexander de Seversky June 24 1947 Ralph S Damon Honored New York Times June 24 1949 RLK to Matthew J Connelly Truman Papers Truman Library 1950 03 22 p WHCF OF 1049 357R The Harmon Trophy was presented once for the entire decade Time Magazine November 13 1950 a b c Harry S Truman The President s Day November 2 1950 a b Harmon Prize Won by Col Schilling Leading Fighter Pilot in Last War Named World s Top Aviator of 1950 New York Times July 5 1951 a b c Airline Pilot Wins Top Harmon Prize Capt C F Blair Jr Is Named Outstanding Aviator Award to Mme Auriol New York Times July 5 1952 a b c 3 Fliers Selected for Harmon Prizes Col Balchen Jacqueline Auriol and Blimp Test Pilot Named Winners of 1953 presented in 1953 for 1952 Trophies New York Times July 5 1953 a b c Yeager Cochran Win Air Trophies Harmon Judges Pick Major and Aviatrix for Flights Topping Speed of Sound New York Times July 5 1954 Harmon Prizes go for 2 Air Firsts Vertical Flight Test Pilot and Airship Endurance Captain Are 1955 Winners New York Times July 5 1955 a b c 3 Aviators to get Harmon Trophies British Test Pilot French Woman Flier and American Navy Officer Picked New York Times August 5 1956 a b Three Fliers Win Harmon Awards Honored for Aerial Achievements New York Times August 11 1957 a b LeMay and Navy Blimp Man Get Harmon Air Prize New York Times November 13 1958 Frenchman Cited as Flier of Year New York Times December 12 1959 a b 2 Air Force Pilots Win Harmon Prizes New York Times July 3 1960 John F Kennedy Remarks Upon Presenting the Harmon Trophy to Three Test Pilots of the X 15 Rocket Plane November 28 1961 a b c President Gives Harmon Trophies Three Pilots and Widow of Another Get Awards New York Times October 19 1962 a b c d e f Astronaut to get a Harmon Trophy Cooper Will Be Honored for Orbital Trip in 1963 New York Times August 2 1964 Award to Dutch Balloonist Canceled by Harmon Trust New York Times September 7 1964 a b c 2 Named Winners of Harmon Prizes Max Conrad and Late Mrs Smith Hailed for Flights New York Times August 8 1965 Astronauts Names for Harmon Award New York Times August 7 1966 a b Harmon Winners for 1967 presented in 1967 for 1966 are Named New York Times September 10 1967 Harmon Awards to Astronauts Lincoln Journal Star Lincoln Nebraska UPI September 11 1967 p 9 via Newspapers com Lyndon B Johnson Remarks Upon Presenting the Harmon Trophy to Maj William J Knight USAF December 3 1968 a b c d Two R A F Pilots to Share Harmon Aviator s Trophy New York Times September 7 1970 a b c 5 Top Pilots Cited New York Times September 21 1973 a b c d Gerald R Ford Remarks Upon Presenting the Harmon International Aviation Trophies May 2 1975 a b c The Daily Diary of President Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan Library December 7 1982 National Aeronautic Association NAA Announces John Petrehn to Receive 2011 Harmon Trophy for Ballooning Troy Bradley and Leonid Tiukhtyaev of the Two Eagles Balloon Flight to Receive the 2015 Harmon TrophyExternal links EditHarmon Aeronaut Trophy National Aeronautic Association National Air and Space Museum list Harmon National Trophy for Australia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Harmon Trophy amp oldid 1106898666, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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