Haghartsin Monastery
Haghartsin (Armenian: Հաղարծին), also Hałarcin Monastery, is a 13th-century monastery located near the town of Dilijan in the Tavush Province of Armenia. It was built between the 10th and 13th centuries (in the 12th under Khachatur of Taron); much of it under the patronage of the Bagratuni dynasty.[1]
| Haghartsin | |
|---|---|
The renovated monastery in 2015 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Armenian Apostolic Church |
| Location | |
| Location | Near Dilijan, Tavush Province, Armenia |
Shown within Armenia Haghartsin Monastery (Tavush) | |
| Geographic coordinates | 40°46′07″N 44°53′27″E / 40.768489°N 44.890875°E |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Armenian |
| Completed | 10-13th century |
Etymology edit
Traditionally, an eagle was soaring over the dome of the main building at its dedication and thus it became commonly known as the monastery of the playing (or soaring) eagle ("Hagh" means a game while "Artsin", a form of "Artsiv", means eagle in Armenian).
The Monastery was almost entirely destroyed by the Seljuks in the 11th century, but was then renovated by the Zakarid princes Zakare and Ivane from 1184. At that time, the Monastery Church of St. Gregory (Surb-Grigor) was built, and simultaneously a žamatun was added on the western side. Ivane left a dedicatory inscription following the death of his brother in 1213:[2]
God loved my head’s crown of glory — Zak‘aria — and called to Himself the one who was courageous. And I built our patrimonial Monastery of Hałarcin, a žamatun with arches and resembling a rock, adjacent to (the Church of ) St. Gregory. And I donated an orchard in Erewan in memory of my brother and its servants are required to officiate a mass perpetually at the main altar for Zak‘arē...
— Dedication by Ivane.[2]
The two brother chose Hałarcin as their family’s burial ground.[2]
St. Astvatsatsin Church edit
St. Astvatsatsin Church in Haghartsin (1281) is the largest building and the dominant artistic feature. The sixteen-faced dome is decorated with arches, the bases of whose columns are connected by triangular ledges and spheres, with a band around the drum's bottom. This adds to the optical height of the dome and creates the impression that its drum is weightless. The platband of the southern portal's architrave is framed with rows of trefoils.
The sculptural group of the church's eastern facade differs in composition from the similar bas-reliefs of Sanahin, Haghpat, and Harich. It shows two men in monks' attire who point with their hands at a church model and a picture of a dove with half-spread wings placed between them. The umbrella roofing of the model's dome shows the original look of the dome of Astvatsatsin church. The figures are shown wearing different dresses — the one standing right is dressed more richly than the one standing left. The faces, with their long whiskers, luxuriant combed beards, and large almond-shaped eyes, are also executed in different manners. These are probably the founders of the church, the Father Superior and his assistant.
Outside the south door is a khachkar carved by Poghos in the 13th century.
St. Astvatsatsin Church gavit edit
The gavit of St. Astvatsatsin Church is severely damaged. The ruins show clearly where it stood; however, the walls are almost completely destroyed.
St. Gregory Church edit
The oldest large structure of the complex, probably dating from the 10th century, the Surp Grigor Church, is accessible through its gavit, which is wider than the church itself. The dome has an octagonal tambour. An important school of church music was set in this church.
St. Gregory Church gavit edit
The 12th-century gavit abutting St. Grigor Church is the most common type of plan. It is a square building, with roofing supported by four internal abutments, and with squat octahedral tents above the central sections, somewhat similar to the Armenian peasant home of the "glkhatun" type. The gavit has ornamented corner sections. Decorated with rosettes, these sections contain sculptures of human figures in monks' attires, carrying crosses, staffs, and birds. The framing of the central window of Haghardzin's gavit is cross-shaped. Placed right above the portal of the main entrance, it emphasizes the central part of the facade.
One of the half-columns along the right-hand wall towards the back has come forward, showing that it is hollow. According to legend, this was swung open and shut in the past and monastery riches were hidden inside at times of war and invasion.
St. Stepanos Church edit
The small St. Stepanos Church dates back to 1244.
Bagratuni sepulchre edit
The Bagratuni sepulchre is where some of the Bagratuni royalty are buried. It is located next to the gavit of St. Gregory Church.
Refectory edit
Like the Haghpat's refectory, the refectory of Haghardzin, built by the architect Minas in 1248, is divided by pillars into two square-plan parts roofed with intersecting arches.
The walls are lined with stone benches, and at the western butt wall, next to the door, there is a broad archway for the numerous pilgrims to navigate. The decoration is concentrated only in the central sections of the roofing, near the main lighting apertures. The transition from the rectangle of their base to the octagon of the top is decorated with tre- and quatrefoils. The low abutments determine the size of the upstretched arches. The proportionally diminishing architectural shapes create the impression of airiness and space.
This space has large wooden log tables and chairs, where receptions occur after marriages or baptisms at the monastery.
World Heritage listing edit
The monastery of Haghartsin, together with that of Goshavank, may become part of a natural site based on the state-protected area of Dilijan National Park, an important forest in north-eastern Armenia.
Current state edit
In 2011, Haghartsin Monastery underwent a major renovation by Armenia Fund with a donation from HH Dr. Sheikh Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi, Ruler of Sharjah.[1] Today the complex is reachable by a paved road with a large parking area, a gift shop, a bakery, and other facilities on site. In 2017 the monastery was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Trail long-distance hiking route.[3]
Gallery edit
- The Haghartsin monastic complex in July 2007 before the restoration
- Location of Haghartsin near Dilijan
- S. Stepanos Church exterior carvings and sundial
- Low-relief depiction of a lion (symbol of the Bagratuni family) on the exterior wall of S. Stepanos Church
- Khachkar by Poghos (13th century) next to the southern door of the church
- Haghartsin Monastery in the process of renovation (August 2009)
- Haghartsin Monastery in the process of renovation (September 2010)
- Haghartsin Monastery right by the end of the renovation process (August 2011)
- Haghartsin Monastery
- Surp Astvatsatsin (Mother of God Church) exterior
- The 13th century walnut tree destroyed by a lightning in 2013
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Sources edit
- ^ a b See Armenia Fund Will Upgrade Haghartsin Monastery With Donation from HH the Ruler of Sharjah 2011-10-04 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b c Vardanyan, Edda (1 January 2015). "The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture". Hoṙomos Monastery: Art and History, edited by Edda Vardanyan, Paris : ACHCByz: 211.
- ^ See Transcaucasian Trail Hiking Guide: Dilijan National Park.
- "Architectural Ensembles of Armenia", by O. Khalpakhchian, published in Moscow by Iskusstvo Publishers in 1980.
- "Rediscovering Armenia Guidebook", by Brady Kiesling and Raffi Kojian, published online and printed in 2005.
External links edit
- Armeniapedia.org: Haghartsin Monastery
- Armenica.org: Haghartzin Monastery
- About Haghartsin Church