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Haematomma ochroleucum

May 12, 2024

Haematomma ochroleucum, also known as yellow bloodstain lichen, is a species of crustose lichenized fungus. First described in 1771 by Noël Martin Joseph de Necker, it has no subspecies, but two named varieties: H. o. var. ochroleucum and H. o. var. porphyrium.

Haematomma ochroleucum
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Haematommataceae
Genus: Haematomma
Species:
H. ochroleucum
Binomial name
Haematomma ochroleucum
(Neck.) Laundon, 1970
Synonyms[1]

Lichen ochroleucus Neck., 1771
Lichen haematomma Ehrh., 1783
Lichen coccineus Dicks., 1785
Lepraria leiphaema Ach., 1803
Lecidea callosyne Ach., 1808
Haematomma coccineum Körb., 1855
Haematomma leiphaemum Zopf, 1907

Taxonomy edit

Belgian botanist Noël Martin Joseph de Necker first described Haematomma ochroleucum in 1771 from a type specimen collected from shaded rocks in the Rheinland-Pfalz region of Germany.[1][2] He named it Lichen ochroleucus. When Jack Laundon moved the species to the genus Haematomma in 1970, he created the combination Haematomma ochroleucum to replace the illegitimately named Haematomma coccineum. The latter name had been given to a later description of the same species, and had gained widespread usage; however, Necker's name took taxonomic precedence.[1] Haematomma ochroleucum is the type species for the genus Haematomma.[3] It has no subspecies, but it does have two named varieties: H. o. var. ochroleucum and H. o. var. porphyrium,[4] which differ in color and chemical composition.[5]

The genus name Haematomma means "bloody eye", and is a reference to the red color of the lichen's apothecia.[5] The specific epithet ochroleucum is a combination of the Latin word oclira, meaning "ochre", and the Greek word leucum, meaning "white"; the combination indicates a pale ochre color.[6] The species is known colloquially as yellow bloodstain lichen.[7]

Description edit

 

Haematomma ochroleucum is a crustose lichen.[5] It comes in two color forms: the thallus of H. o. ochroleucum is pale yellow to yellow-green, while that of H. o. porphyrium is whitish to pale gray.[8] Colonies of both varieties are edged with a fringed white prothallus.[5] Its photobiont is a chlorococcoid.[9]

The lichen's thallus reacts positively with both potassium hydroxide (K) and para-phenylenediamene (Pd), turning yellow in both cases.[5] Its apothecia react positively with potassium as well, turning purple.[5] Among the substances produced by the lichen are atranorin, zeorin, and porphyrillic acid. The variety ochroleucum also produces usnic acid, which the variety porphyrium does not.[10] The apothecia and pycnidia produce anthraquinones.[9]

Similar species edit

Haematomma ochroleucum var. ochroleucum can look very similar to Lecanora thysanophora, but the former species has a shorter, more continuous prothallus which is more uniformly white with thinner hyphae. The two species share similar chemistry, though Lecanora thysanophora nearly always contains thysanophora unknowns that are not known to occur in Haematomma ochroleucum.[11]

Distribution and habitat edit

In Europe, Haematomma ochroleucum has been reported as widespread, though its relative abundance varies widely.[12] In parts of Ireland and Wales, it is rare but locally abundant on shaded rocky outcrops,[13] particularly those that are north-facing.[14] In Wales, it is more common inland than at the coast.[14] In Belgium and Luxembourg, it is found primarily on protected, vertical surfaces on siliceous or sandstone rocks, or on the bark of older beech or oak trees in well-preserved forests. It is less common on the trunks of poplars and willows.[15] In North America, it is rare, and limited primarily to the Pacific Northwest and southern Rocky Mountains.[16] There, it is found primarily in waterfall spray zones, with fewer colonies on drier vertical rock faces, rocky overhangs, and the trunks of large black cottonwood trees.[17] It has also been found in Maine.[18]

Ecology edit

Haematomma ochroleucum cannot tolerate significant amounts of sulfur dioxide pollution; it is found only if the mean winter concentrations are less than about 60 μg/m3.[19] In Ireland, it grows in communities that include Lobaria virens, Nephroma laevigatum, Opegrapha gyrocarpa, Dermatocarpon luridum and Toninia pulvinata.[13] On the Danish island of Bornholm (in the Baltic Sea), it occurs on vertical rock faces above 10 m (33 ft) high, in association with Ramalina siliquosa, Lecanora atra, and Rhizocarpon constrictum.[20]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Laundon, J.R. (December 1970). "Lichens New to the British Flora:4". Lichenologist. 4 (4): 297–308. doi:10.1017/S0024282970000397. S2CID 250350002.
  2. ^ Brodo, Irwin M.; Culberson, William L. & Culberson, Chicita F. (Fall 2008). "Haematomma (Lecanoraceae) in North and Central America, including the West Indies". The Bryologist. 111 (3): 363–423. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2008)111[363:HLINAC]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 20110953. S2CID 85776365.
  3. ^ Rogers, Roderick; Hafellner, Josef (April 1988). "Haematomma and Ophioparma: Two Superficially Similar Genera of Lichenized Fungi". The Lichenologist. 20 (2): 167–174. doi:10.1017/S0024282988000179. S2CID 84818933.
  4. ^ "Haematomma ochroleucum". mycobank.org. MycoBank. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Dobson, Frank S. (2011). Lichens: An Illustrated Guide to the British and Irish Species. Slough, UK: Richmond Publishing. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-85546-315-1.
  6. ^ Fitzgerald, Henry Purefoy (1885). Dictionary of the names of British plants. London, UK: Baillière, Tindall & Cox. p. 61.
  7. ^ "Plants Profile for Haematomma ochroleucum (yellow bloodstain lichen)". U.S. Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  8. ^ Fryday, Alan & Coppins, Brian (July 1997). "Keys to Sterile, Crustose Saxicolous and Terricolous Lichens Occurring in the British Isles". Lichenologist. 29 (4): 301–332. doi:10.1006/lich.1997.0080. S2CID 85647115.
  9. ^ a b Nimis, P.L. & Martellos, S. "Haematomma ochroleucum (Neck.) J.R. Laundon var. ochroleucum". ITALIC - The Information System on Italian Lichens. University of Trieste, Dept. of Biology. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
  10. ^ Kukwa, Martin; Motiejūnaitė, Jurga (January 2005). "Notes on two lichen species, Haematomma ochroleucum and Lecanora thysanophora, in Lithuania". Botanica Lithuanica. 11 (4): 247–249.
  11. ^ Harris, Richard C.; Brodo, Irwin M. & Tønsberg, Tor (Winter 2000). "Lecanora thysanophora, a Common Leprose Lichen in Eastern North America". The Bryologist. 103 (4): 790–793. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(2000)103[0790:LTACLL]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 3244346. S2CID 85751323.
  12. ^ Zdyńzyk, Anna & Kukwa, Martin (2012). "Revised Distribution of the Lichen Species Haematomma ochroleucum in Poland". Polish Botanical Journal. 57 (2): 473–477.
  13. ^ a b McCarthy, P. M. (January 1988). "The Lichens of Inishbofin, Co Galway". The Irish Naturalists' Journal. 22 (9): 403–407. JSTOR 25539235.
  14. ^ a b Armstrong, R. A. (March 1974). "The Descriptive Ecology of Saxicolous Lichens in an Area of South Merionethshire, Wales". Journal of Ecology. 62 (1): 33–45. doi:10.2307/2258878. JSTOR 2258878.
  15. ^ "Haematomma ochroleucum". Lichens of Belgium, Luxembourg and Northern France. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  16. ^ Brodo, Irwin M. (2016). Keys to Lichens of North America. New Haven CT, US: Yale University Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-300-19573-6.
  17. ^ Björk, Curtis R.; Goward, Trevor; Spribille, Toby (January 2011). "New Records and Range Extensions of Rare Lichens from Waterfalls and Sprayzones in Inland British Columbia, Canada". Evansia. 26 (4): 219–224. doi:10.1639/0747-9859-26.4.219. S2CID 128768517.
  18. ^ Paquette, Hayley; Gates, Kenya; McMullin, Richard Troy (July 2020). "Chaenothecopsis ochroleuca, Haematomma ochroleucum, and Multiclavula vernalis Reported for the First Time from Maine". Northeastern Naturalist. 27 (3): 34–39. doi:10.1656/045.027.0304. S2CID 222002527.
  19. ^ Moriarty, Frank (1999). Ecotoxicology: The Study of Pollutants in Ecosystems (3rd ed.). London, UK: Academic Press. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-12-506763-8.
  20. ^ Søchting, Ulrik & Gjelstrup, Peter (March 1985). "Lichen Communities and the Associated Fauna on a Rocky Sea Shore on Bornholm in the Baltic". Holarctic Ecology. 8 (1): 66–75. JSTOR 3682615.

External links edit

  •   Media related to Haematomma ochroleucum at Wikimedia Commons
  •   Data related to Haematomma ochroleucum at Wikispecies

May 12, 2024
haematomma, ochroleucum, also, known, yellow, bloodstain, lichen, species, crustose, lichenized, fungus, first, described, 1771, noël, martin, joseph, necker, subspecies, named, varieties, ochroleucum, porphyrium, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota,. Haematomma ochroleucum also known as yellow bloodstain lichen is a species of crustose lichenized fungus First described in 1771 by Noel Martin Joseph de Necker it has no subspecies but two named varieties H o var ochroleucum and H o var porphyrium Haematomma ochroleucum Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Fungi Division Ascomycota Class Lecanoromycetes Order Lecanorales Family Haematommataceae Genus Haematomma Species H ochroleucum Binomial name Haematomma ochroleucum Neck Laundon 1970 Synonyms 1 Lichen ochroleucus Neck 1771 Lichen haematomma Ehrh 1783 Lichen coccineus Dicks 1785 Lepraria leiphaema Ach 1803 Lecidea callosyne Ach 1808 Haematomma coccineum Korb 1855 Haematomma leiphaemum Zopf 1907 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 2 1 Similar species 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Ecology 5 References 6 External linksTaxonomy editBelgian botanist Noel Martin Joseph de Necker first described Haematomma ochroleucum in 1771 from a type specimen collected from shaded rocks in the Rheinland Pfalz region of Germany 1 2 He named it Lichen ochroleucus When Jack Laundon moved the species to the genus Haematomma in 1970 he created the combination Haematomma ochroleucum to replace the illegitimately named Haematomma coccineum The latter name had been given to a later description of the same species and had gained widespread usage however Necker s name took taxonomic precedence 1 Haematomma ochroleucum is the type species for the genus Haematomma 3 It has no subspecies but it does have two named varieties H o var ochroleucum and H o var porphyrium 4 which differ in color and chemical composition 5 The genus name Haematomma means bloody eye and is a reference to the red color of the lichen s apothecia 5 The specific epithet ochroleucum is a combination of the Latin word oclira meaning ochre and the Greek word leucum meaning white the combination indicates a pale ochre color 6 The species is known colloquially as yellow bloodstain lichen 7 Description edit nbsp Haematomma ochroleucum is a crustose lichen 5 It comes in two color forms the thallus of H o ochroleucum is pale yellow to yellow green while that of H o porphyrium is whitish to pale gray 8 Colonies of both varieties are edged with a fringed white prothallus 5 Its photobiont is a chlorococcoid 9 The lichen s thallus reacts positively with both potassium hydroxide K and para phenylenediamene Pd turning yellow in both cases 5 Its apothecia react positively with potassium as well turning purple 5 Among the substances produced by the lichen are atranorin zeorin and porphyrillic acid The variety ochroleucum also produces usnic acid which the variety porphyrium does not 10 The apothecia and pycnidia produce anthraquinones 9 Similar species edit Haematomma ochroleucum var ochroleucum can look very similar to Lecanora thysanophora but the former species has a shorter more continuous prothallus which is more uniformly white with thinner hyphae The two species share similar chemistry though Lecanora thysanophora nearly always contains thysanophora unknowns that are not known to occur in Haematomma ochroleucum 11 Distribution and habitat editIn Europe Haematomma ochroleucum has been reported as widespread though its relative abundance varies widely 12 In parts of Ireland and Wales it is rare but locally abundant on shaded rocky outcrops 13 particularly those that are north facing 14 In Wales it is more common inland than at the coast 14 In Belgium and Luxembourg it is found primarily on protected vertical surfaces on siliceous or sandstone rocks or on the bark of older beech or oak trees in well preserved forests It is less common on the trunks of poplars and willows 15 In North America it is rare and limited primarily to the Pacific Northwest and southern Rocky Mountains 16 There it is found primarily in waterfall spray zones with fewer colonies on drier vertical rock faces rocky overhangs and the trunks of large black cottonwood trees 17 It has also been found in Maine 18 Ecology editHaematomma ochroleucum cannot tolerate significant amounts of sulfur dioxide pollution it is found only if the mean winter concentrations are less than about 60 mg m3 19 In Ireland it grows in communities that include Lobaria virens Nephroma laevigatum Opegrapha gyrocarpa Dermatocarpon luridum and Toninia pulvinata 13 On the Danish island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea it occurs on vertical rock faces above 10 m 33 ft high in association with Ramalina siliquosa Lecanora atra and Rhizocarpon constrictum 20 References edit a b c Laundon J R December 1970 Lichens New to the British Flora 4 Lichenologist 4 4 297 308 doi 10 1017 S0024282970000397 S2CID 250350002 Brodo Irwin M Culberson William L amp Culberson Chicita F Fall 2008 Haematomma Lecanoraceae in North and Central America including the West Indies The Bryologist 111 3 363 423 doi 10 1639 0007 2745 2008 111 363 HLINAC 2 0 CO 2 JSTOR 20110953 S2CID 85776365 Rogers Roderick Hafellner Josef April 1988 Haematomma and Ophioparma Two Superficially Similar Genera of Lichenized Fungi The Lichenologist 20 2 167 174 doi 10 1017 S0024282988000179 S2CID 84818933 Haematomma ochroleucum mycobank org MycoBank Retrieved 2 August 2017 a b c d e f Dobson Frank S 2011 Lichens An Illustrated Guide to the British and Irish Species Slough UK Richmond Publishing p 190 ISBN 978 0 85546 315 1 Fitzgerald Henry Purefoy 1885 Dictionary of the names of British plants London UK Bailliere Tindall amp Cox p 61 Plants Profile for Haematomma ochroleucum yellow bloodstain lichen U S Department of Agriculture Retrieved 14 August 2017 Fryday Alan amp Coppins Brian July 1997 Keys to Sterile Crustose Saxicolous and Terricolous Lichens Occurring in the British Isles Lichenologist 29 4 301 332 doi 10 1006 lich 1997 0080 S2CID 85647115 a b Nimis P L amp Martellos S Haematomma ochroleucum Neck J R Laundon var ochroleucum ITALIC The Information System on Italian Lichens University of Trieste Dept of Biology Retrieved 20 December 2019 Kukwa Martin Motiejunaite Jurga January 2005 Notes on two lichen species Haematomma ochroleucum and Lecanora thysanophora in Lithuania Botanica Lithuanica 11 4 247 249 Harris Richard C Brodo Irwin M amp Tonsberg Tor Winter 2000 Lecanora thysanophora a Common Leprose Lichen in Eastern North America The Bryologist 103 4 790 793 doi 10 1639 0007 2745 2000 103 0790 LTACLL 2 0 CO 2 JSTOR 3244346 S2CID 85751323 Zdynzyk Anna amp Kukwa Martin 2012 Revised Distribution of the Lichen Species Haematomma ochroleucum in Poland Polish Botanical Journal 57 2 473 477 a b McCarthy P M January 1988 The Lichens of Inishbofin Co Galway The Irish Naturalists Journal 22 9 403 407 JSTOR 25539235 a b Armstrong R A March 1974 The Descriptive Ecology of Saxicolous Lichens in an Area of South Merionethshire Wales Journal of Ecology 62 1 33 45 doi 10 2307 2258878 JSTOR 2258878 Haematomma ochroleucum Lichens of Belgium Luxembourg and Northern France Retrieved 5 February 2020 Brodo Irwin M 2016 Keys to Lichens of North America New Haven CT US Yale University Press p 173 ISBN 978 0 300 19573 6 Bjork Curtis R Goward Trevor Spribille Toby January 2011 New Records and Range Extensions of Rare Lichens from Waterfalls and Sprayzones in Inland British Columbia Canada Evansia 26 4 219 224 doi 10 1639 0747 9859 26 4 219 S2CID 128768517 Paquette Hayley Gates Kenya McMullin Richard Troy July 2020 Chaenothecopsis ochroleuca Haematomma ochroleucum and Multiclavula vernalis Reported for the First Time from Maine Northeastern Naturalist 27 3 34 39 doi 10 1656 045 027 0304 S2CID 222002527 Moriarty Frank 1999 Ecotoxicology The Study of Pollutants in Ecosystems 3rd ed London UK Academic Press p 247 ISBN 978 0 12 506763 8 Sochting Ulrik amp Gjelstrup Peter March 1985 Lichen Communities and the Associated Fauna on a Rocky Sea Shore on Bornholm in the Baltic Holarctic Ecology 8 1 66 75 JSTOR 3682615 External links edit nbsp Media related to Haematomma ochroleucum at Wikimedia Commons nbsp Data related to Haematomma ochroleucum at Wikispecies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Haematomma ochroleucum amp oldid 1177241753, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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