Carmania was the sister ship of RMS Caronia, although the two ships had different machinery. When new, the pair were the largest ships in the Cunard fleet.[2]
Carmania had three propellers, each driven by a Parsonssteam turbine. A high-pressure turbine drove her centre shaft. Exhaust steam from the centre turbine powered a pair of low-pressure turbines that drove her port and starboard shafts.[5]
Caronia, which was launched the year before, had twin propellers which were driven by quadruple-expansion engines.[6] The essentially identical ships with the two different sets of engines was an opportunity to compare operations and clarify the advantages and disadvantages of turbine engines.[5]
Another feature that differentiated the two liners was that Carmania had two tall forward deck ventilator cowls, which were absent on Caronia.
As built, Carmania had berths for 2,650 passengers: 300 first class, 350 second class, 1,000 third class and 1,000 steerage class.[5] Her holds included 46,280 cubic feet (1,311 m3) refrigerated cargo space.[7]
Serviceedit
Carmania left Liverpool on 2 December 1905 for her maiden voyage to New York arriving on 10 December. She completed the voyage in 7 days, 9 hours and 31 minutes, averaging 15.97 knots (29.58 km/h) over the 2,835 nautical miles (5,250 km) route.[5]
Carmania plied between Liverpool and New York from 1905 to 1910. In the spring of 1906 she took H. G. Wells to North America for the first time. He noted her size in a book about his travels, "This Carmania isn't the largest ship nor the finest, nor is to be the last. Greater ships are to follow and greater. The scale of size, the scale of power, the speed and dimensions of things about us alter remorselessly—to some limit we cannot at present descry".[8]
In June 1910 in Liverpool Carmania suffered a major fire in her passenger accommodation. Her structure and machinery were undamaged, and repairs were completed by 4 October.[2]
On an eastbound crossing in October 1913 Carmania answered a distress signal from Volturno to pick up survivors in a storm, which resulted in many awards for gallantry being presented to various members of her crew and Captain James Clayton Barr.[9]
Commanded by Captain Noel Grant she sailed from Liverpool to Shell Bay in Bermuda. On 14 September 1914 she engaged and sank the German merchant cruiser SMS Cap Trafalgar in the Battle of Trindade. At the time Cap Trafalgar's appearance had been altered to resemble Carmania.[11]Carmania suffered extensive damage and several casualties to her crew.
After repairs in Gibraltar, she patrolled the coast of Portugal and the Atlantic islands for the next two years. In 1916 she assisted in the Gallipoli campaign. From July 1916 she was a troop ship. After the war she took Canadian troops home from Europe.
By 1919 she had returned to passenger liner service. In 1923 Cunard had her refitted as a cabin class ship,[12] with her total accommodation reduced from 2,650 berths to 1,440. Caronia was similarly refitted, and the two sisters kept busy until the shipping slump[13] caused by the Great Depression after 1929. By 1930 Carmania's navigational equipment included submarine signalling and wireless direction finding.[4]
Fateedit
Toward the end of 1931 Cunard listed both Carmania and Caronia for sale.[13] In 1932 Hughes Bolckow & Co. bought her for scrap. She arrived at Blyth on 22 April to be broken up.[3]
^"List of Vessels Fitted with Refrigerating Appliances". Lloyd's Register(PDF). London: Lloyd's Register. 1930. Retrieved 22 December 2020 – via Plimsoll Ship Data.
^Wells, HG (1906). The Future in America: A Search after Realities. New York and London: Harper and Brothers. pp. 21, 29.
^"Capt. Barr Cites Log On Volturno. Says Carmania's Part in Rescue Work Was Misrepresented in English Reports". The New York Times. 27 October 1913. Retrieved 26 February 2010. The Cunard liner Carmania arrived yesterday from Liverpool with forty-three survivors from the Volturno, including twenty-two women and children who had been rescued by the Leyland steamship Devonian and landed at Liverpool.
^Howard Stagg; Naval Enthusiast (eds.). "HMS CARMANIA – August 1914 to May 1916, British waters, Central Atlantic, Carmania v Cap Trafalgar single ship action, Mediterranean". Royal Navy Log Books of the World War 1 Era. Naval History.Net. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
^Simpson, Colin (1977). The Ship that Hunted Itself. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN0-14-004823-5.
Osborne, Richard; Spong, Harry & Grover, Tom (2007). Armed Merchant Cruisers 1878–1945. Windsor: World Warship Society. ISBN978-0-9543310-8-5.
Wilson, RM (1956). The Big Ships. London: Cassell & Co.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carmania (ship, 1905).
Ballins Dampfer Welt (29 July 2013). RMS Carmania, Cunard, Baton Rouge Rag, Ragtime. YouTube. Archived from the original on 19 December 2021.
November 01, 2023
carmania, 1905, other, ships, with, same, name, carmania, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, carmania, . For other ships with the same name see RMS Carmania This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources RMS Carmania 1905 news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message RMS Carmania was a Cunard Line transatlantic steam turbine ocean liner She was launched in 1905 and scrapped in 1932 In World War I she was first an armed merchant cruiser AMC 1 and then a troop ship HistoryUnited KingdomNameCarmaniaNamesakeCarmaniaOwnerCunard LineOperator1914 16 Royal NavyPort of registryLiverpoolRouteLiverpool New YorkBuilderJohn Brown amp Company ClydebankYard number366Laid down17 May 1904Launched21 February 1905CompletedNovember 1905Maiden voyage2 December 1905IdentificationUK official number 120901 Code letters HFBJ 1914 16 Pennant number M 55FateScrapped 1932 at BlythGeneral characteristicsTypeOcean linerTonnage19 566 GRT 9 250 NRTLength650 4 ft 198 2 m registered length 678 ft 207 m o aBeam72 2 ft 22 0 m Draught33 ft 3 in 10 13 m Depth40 0 ft 12 2 m Decks3Installed power21 000 SHPPropulsion1 High pressure steam turbine 2 Low pressure steam turbines 3 PropellersSpeed20 knots 37 km h CapacityAs built 2 650 berths in four classes 1923 1 440 berths Cargo 46 280 cubic feet 1 311 m3 refrigeratedCrew450Sensors and processing systemsBy 1930 Submarine signalling Wireless Direction findingArmament as AMC 8 QF 4 7 inch Mk V naval gunsNotesSister ship RMS CaroniaCarmania was the sister ship of RMS Caronia although the two ships had different machinery When new the pair were the largest ships in the Cunard fleet 2 Contents 1 Building 2 Service 3 Fate 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksBuilding editLeonard Peskett designed Carmania John Brown amp Company built her launching her on 21 February 1905 3 and completing her that November 4 Carmania had three propellers each driven by a Parsons steam turbine A high pressure turbine drove her centre shaft Exhaust steam from the centre turbine powered a pair of low pressure turbines that drove her port and starboard shafts 5 Caronia which was launched the year before had twin propellers which were driven by quadruple expansion engines 6 The essentially identical ships with the two different sets of engines was an opportunity to compare operations and clarify the advantages and disadvantages of turbine engines 5 Carmania s sea trials were in November 1905 On the nautical measured mile off Skelmorlie she achieved 20 19 knots 37 39 km h 5 Another feature that differentiated the two liners was that Carmania had two tall forward deck ventilator cowls which were absent on Caronia As built Carmania had berths for 2 650 passengers 300 first class 350 second class 1 000 third class and 1 000 steerage class 5 Her holds included 46 280 cubic feet 1 311 m3 refrigerated cargo space 7 Service editCarmania left Liverpool on 2 December 1905 for her maiden voyage to New York arriving on 10 December She completed the voyage in 7 days 9 hours and 31 minutes averaging 15 97 knots 29 58 km h over the 2 835 nautical miles 5 250 km route 5 Carmania plied between Liverpool and New York from 1905 to 1910 In the spring of 1906 she took H G Wells to North America for the first time He noted her size in a book about his travels This Carmania isn t the largest ship nor the finest nor is to be the last Greater ships are to follow and greater The scale of size the scale of power the speed and dimensions of things about us alter remorselessly to some limit we cannot at present descry 8 In June 1910 in Liverpool Carmania suffered a major fire in her passenger accommodation Her structure and machinery were undamaged and repairs were completed by 4 October 2 nbsp Captain James BarrOn an eastbound crossing in October 1913 Carmania answered a distress signal from Volturno to pick up survivors in a storm which resulted in many awards for gallantry being presented to various members of her crew and Captain James Clayton Barr 9 In August 1914 after the outbreak of World War I Carmania was converted into an AMC armed with eight QF 4 7 inch Mk V naval guns She was commissioned as HMS Carmania with the pennant number M 55 10 Commanded by Captain Noel Grant she sailed from Liverpool to Shell Bay in Bermuda On 14 September 1914 she engaged and sank the German merchant cruiser SMS Cap Trafalgar in the Battle of Trindade At the time Cap Trafalgar s appearance had been altered to resemble Carmania 11 Carmania suffered extensive damage and several casualties to her crew nbsp Carmania sinking Cap Trafalgar off Trinidad September 14 1914 by Charles DixonAfter repairs in Gibraltar she patrolled the coast of Portugal and the Atlantic islands for the next two years In 1916 she assisted in the Gallipoli campaign From July 1916 she was a troop ship After the war she took Canadian troops home from Europe By 1919 she had returned to passenger liner service In 1923 Cunard had her refitted as a cabin class ship 12 with her total accommodation reduced from 2 650 berths to 1 440 Caronia was similarly refitted and the two sisters kept busy until the shipping slump 13 caused by the Great Depression after 1929 By 1930 Carmania s navigational equipment included submarine signalling and wireless direction finding 4 Fate editToward the end of 1931 Cunard listed both Carmania and Caronia for sale 13 In 1932 Hughes Bolckow amp Co bought her for scrap She arrived at Blyth on 22 April to be broken up 3 Carmania s bell is on display aboard the permanently moored HQS Wellington at Victoria Embankment London References edit Solem Borge S S Carmania Cunard Line Norway Heritage a b Ljungstrom Henrik 23 March 2018 Carmania I The Great Ocean Liners Retrieved 22 December 2020 a b Carmania Scottish Built Ships Caledonian Maritime Research Trust Retrieved 22 December 2020 a b Steamers amp Motorships Lloyd s Register PDF London Lloyd s Register 1930 Retrieved 22 December 2020 via Plimsoll Ship Data a b c d e The New Turbine Liner Carmania International Marine Engineering Marine Engineering 11 January 1 6 1906 Retrieved 3 February 2018 Frame Chris Carmania Chris Cunard Page List of Vessels Fitted with Refrigerating Appliances Lloyd s Register PDF London Lloyd s Register 1930 Retrieved 22 December 2020 via Plimsoll Ship Data Wells HG 1906 The Future in America A Search after Realities New York and London Harper and Brothers pp 21 29 Capt Barr Cites Log On Volturno Says Carmania s Part in Rescue Work Was Misrepresented in English Reports The New York Times 27 October 1913 Retrieved 26 February 2010 The Cunard liner Carmania arrived yesterday from Liverpool with forty three survivors from the Volturno including twenty two women and children who had been rescued by the Leyland steamship Devonian and landed at Liverpool Howard Stagg Naval Enthusiast eds HMS CARMANIA August 1914 to May 1916 British waters Central Atlantic Carmania v Cap Trafalgar single ship action Mediterranean Royal Navy Log Books of the World War 1 Era Naval History Net Retrieved 23 December 2020 Simpson Colin 1977 The Ship that Hunted Itself Harmondsworth Penguin Books ISBN 0 14 004823 5 Wilson 1956 p 42 a b Wilson 1956 p 194 Bibliography editOsborne Richard Spong Harry amp Grover Tom 2007 Armed Merchant Cruisers 1878 1945 Windsor World Warship Society ISBN 978 0 9543310 8 5 Wilson RM 1956 The Big Ships London Cassell amp Co External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carmania ship 1905 Ballins Dampfer Welt 29 July 2013 RMS Carmania Cunard Baton Rouge Rag Ragtime YouTube Archived from the original on 19 December 2021 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title RMS Carmania 1905 amp oldid 1170933464, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
