Menotropin (also called human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG) is a hormonally active medication for the treatment of fertility disturbances. Frequently the plural is used as the medication is a mixture of gonadotropins. Menotropins are extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women.[1]
Urine of postmenopausal women reflects the hypergonadotropic state of menopause -levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are high - and contain a mixture of these gonadotropins.[2][3][4] Other protein substances may be present, including small amounts of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).[1] In 1949 Piero Donini found a relatively simple method to extract gonadotropins from urine of postmenopausal women.[4][5] Menotropins were successfully introduced into clinical use by Bruno Lunenfeld in 1961.[4] While earlier menotropin medications contained FSH and LH at a 1:1 ratio, the recognition that it is FSH that is critical for follicle stimulation has led to development of newer preparations that contain a much higher FSH/LH ratio, Fertinex being an example.[4]
Menotropin preparations are designed for use in selected women where they stimulate the ovaries to mature follicles, thus making them more fertile. They are administered by typically daily injection, intramuscularly or subcutaneously, for about ten days under close supervision to adjust dose and duration of therapy. They can also be used in hypogonadal men to stimulate sperm production.
Human urinary-derived menotropin preparations are exposed to the theoretical risk of infection from menopausal donors of urine. Nevertheless, the failure to irrefutably demonstrate infectivity following intracerebral inoculation with urine from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)-infected hosts suggests that the risk associated with products derived from urine is merely theoretical.[6]
Recombinant gonadotropins have to a large degree replaced hMG in fertility treatments. The recombinant process allows for the production of pure FSH or LH not "contaminated" by other proteins that may be present after urinary extraction. While some head-on studies seem not to suggest that "pure FSH" gives better results than hMG,[7] others claim that recombinant FSH is more efficient and reduces costs.[8] A Cochrane Collaboration analysis did not reveal major differences in clinical outcomes when comparing urinary versus recombinant FSH.[9]
The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine reported:[10]“Compared with earlier crude animal extracts, modern highly purified urinary and recombinant gonadotropin products have clearly superior quality, specific activity, and performance. There are no confirmed differences in safety, purity, or clinical efficacy among the various available urinary or recombinant gonadotropin products.”
List of hMG preparationsedit
A number of drug companies have and had marketed hMG preparations that include:[11]
^ abvan de Weijer BH, Mulders JW, Bos ES, Verhaert PD, van den Hooven HW (November 2003). "Compositional analyses of a human menopausal gonadotrophin preparation extracted from urine (menotropin). Identification of some of its major impurities". Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 7 (5): 547–557. doi:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)62071-8. PMID 14680547.
^TheFreeDictionary > Menotropin Citing: Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. 2007
^ abcdLunenfeld B (2004). "Historical perspectives in gonadotrophin therapy". Human Reproduction Update. 10 (6): 453–467. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh044. PMID 15388674.
^Unknown. . Serono Laboratories, 2011. Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2013-11-24.
^Reichl H, Balen A, Jansen CA (October 2002). "Prion transmission in blood and urine: what are the implications for recombinant and urinary-derived gonadotrophins?". Human Reproduction. 17 (10): 2501–2508. doi:10.1093/humrep/17.10.2501. PMID 12351519.
^Bagratee JS, Lockwood G, López Bernal A, Barlow DH, Ledger WL (February 1998). "Comparison of highly purified FSH (metrodin-high purity) with pergonal for IVF superovulation". Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 15 (2): 65–69. doi:10.1007/BF02766827. PMC3455420. PMID 9513843.
^Daya S, Ledger W, Auray JP, Duru G, Silverberg K, Wikland M, et al. (December 2001). "Cost-effectiveness modelling of recombinant FSH versus urinary FSH in assisted reproduction techniques in the UK". Human Reproduction. 16 (12): 2563–2569. doi:10.1093/humrep/16.12.2563. PMID 11726575.
^van Wely M, Kwan I, Burt AL, Thomas J, Vail A, Van der Veen F, Al-Inany HG (February 2011). Van Wely M (ed.). "Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011 (2): CD005354. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005354.pub2. PMC7388278. PMID 21328276.
^Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (November 2008). "Gonadotropin preparations: past, present, and future perspectives". Fertility and Sterility. 90 (5 Suppl): S13–S20. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.031. PMID 19007609.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Fuller MA, Sajatovic M (2003). Drug Information Handbook for Psychiatry (4 ed.). Lexi-Comp, Inc. p. 711. ISBN978-1-59195-064-6.
December 20, 2023
menotropin, also, called, human, menopausal, gonadotropin, hormonally, active, medication, treatment, fertility, disturbances, frequently, plural, used, medication, mixture, gonadotropins, extracted, from, urine, postmenopausal, women, clinical, datatrade, nam. Menotropin also called human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG is a hormonally active medication for the treatment of fertility disturbances Frequently the plural is used as the medication is a mixture of gonadotropins Menotropins are extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women 1 MenotropinClinical dataTrade namesRepronexMedlinePlusa601002ATC codeG03GA02 WHO IdentifiersCAS Number61489 71 2 YChemSpidernoneUNII5Y9QQM372QCompTox Dashboard EPA DTXSID50904983 DTXSID3040483 DTXSID50904983ECHA InfoCard100 119 926 N Y what is this verify Contents 1 Description and usage 2 List of hMG preparations 3 See also 4 ReferencesDescription and usage editUrine of postmenopausal women reflects the hypergonadotropic state of menopause levels of follicle stimulating hormone FSH and luteinizing hormone LH are high and contain a mixture of these gonadotropins 2 3 4 Other protein substances may be present including small amounts of human chorionic gonadotropin hCG 1 In 1949 Piero Donini found a relatively simple method to extract gonadotropins from urine of postmenopausal women 4 5 Menotropins were successfully introduced into clinical use by Bruno Lunenfeld in 1961 4 While earlier menotropin medications contained FSH and LH at a 1 1 ratio the recognition that it is FSH that is critical for follicle stimulation has led to development of newer preparations that contain a much higher FSH LH ratio Fertinex being an example 4 Menotropin preparations are designed for use in selected women where they stimulate the ovaries to mature follicles thus making them more fertile They are administered by typically daily injection intramuscularly or subcutaneously for about ten days under close supervision to adjust dose and duration of therapy They can also be used in hypogonadal men to stimulate sperm production Human urinary derived menotropin preparations are exposed to the theoretical risk of infection from menopausal donors of urine Nevertheless the failure to irrefutably demonstrate infectivity following intracerebral inoculation with urine from transmissible spongiform encephalopathy TSE infected hosts suggests that the risk associated with products derived from urine is merely theoretical 6 Recombinant gonadotropins have to a large degree replaced hMG in fertility treatments The recombinant process allows for the production of pure FSH or LH not contaminated by other proteins that may be present after urinary extraction While some head on studies seem not to suggest that pure FSH gives better results than hMG 7 others claim that recombinant FSH is more efficient and reduces costs 8 A Cochrane Collaboration analysis did not reveal major differences in clinical outcomes when comparing urinary versus recombinant FSH 9 The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine reported 10 Compared with earlier crude animal extracts modern highly purified urinary and recombinant gonadotropin products have clearly superior quality specific activity and performance There are no confirmed differences in safety purity or clinical efficacy among the various available urinary or recombinant gonadotropin products List of hMG preparations editA number of drug companies have and had marketed hMG preparations that include 11 Gynogen HP Sanzyme P Limited Highly purified urinary FSH and LH in 1 1 ratio dd Humog Bharat Serums And Vaccines Ltd highly purified urinary FSH and LH in 1 1 ratio dd Humegon Organon Menopur Ferring Pharmaceuticals 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH activity Merional Meriofert IBSA Institut Menogon Metrodin Serono highly purified urinary FSH dd Repronex Ferring Pharmaceuticals 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH Pergonal Serono Pergonal was the major hMG prior to the arrival of recombinant gonadotropins containing 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LH dd HMG Massone 75 IU FSH and 75 IU LHSee also editGonadotropin preparationsReferences edit a b van de Weijer BH Mulders JW Bos ES Verhaert PD van den Hooven HW November 2003 Compositional analyses of a human menopausal gonadotrophin preparation extracted from urine menotropin Identification of some of its major impurities Reproductive Biomedicine Online 7 5 547 557 doi 10 1016 S1472 6483 10 62071 8 PMID 14680547 Menotropins at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH TheFreeDictionary gt Menotropin Citing Dorland s Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers 2007 a b c d Lunenfeld B 2004 Historical perspectives in gonadotrophin therapy Human Reproduction Update 10 6 453 467 doi 10 1093 humupd dmh044 PMID 15388674 Unknown Serono goes recombinant Serono Laboratories 2011 Archived from the original on 2013 12 02 Retrieved 2013 11 24 Reichl H Balen A Jansen CA October 2002 Prion transmission in blood and urine what are the implications for recombinant and urinary derived gonadotrophins Human Reproduction 17 10 2501 2508 doi 10 1093 humrep 17 10 2501 PMID 12351519 Bagratee JS Lockwood G Lopez Bernal A Barlow DH Ledger WL February 1998 Comparison of highly purified FSH metrodin high purity with pergonal for IVF superovulation Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 15 2 65 69 doi 10 1007 BF02766827 PMC 3455420 PMID 9513843 Daya S Ledger W Auray JP Duru G Silverberg K Wikland M et al December 2001 Cost effectiveness modelling of recombinant FSH versus urinary FSH in assisted reproduction techniques in the UK Human Reproduction 16 12 2563 2569 doi 10 1093 humrep 16 12 2563 PMID 11726575 van Wely M Kwan I Burt AL Thomas J Vail A Van der Veen F Al Inany HG February 2011 Van Wely M ed Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011 2 CD005354 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD005354 pub2 PMC 7388278 PMID 21328276 Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine Birmingham Alabama November 2008 Gonadotropin preparations past present and future perspectives Fertility and Sterility 90 5 Suppl S13 S20 doi 10 1016 j fertnstert 2008 08 031 PMID 19007609 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Fuller MA Sajatovic M 2003 Drug Information Handbook for Psychiatry 4 ed Lexi Comp Inc p 711 ISBN 978 1 59195 064 6 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Menotropin amp oldid 1173649376, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
