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H-2 Air Base

January 31, 2023

H-2 Air Base (code-named 202B) is a former Iraqi Air Force base in the Al-Anbar Governorate of Iraq. It was captured by U.S.-led Coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003.

H-2 Air Base
Al-Anbar Province, Iraq
H-2 Air Base, 1995
H-2 Air Base
Location of H-2 Air Base
Coordinates33°21′22″N 040°35′47″E / 33.35611°N 40.59639°E / 33.35611; 40.59639 (H-2 AB)Coordinates: 33°21′22″N 040°35′47″E / 33.35611°N 40.59639°E / 33.35611; 40.59639 (H-2 AB)
Site information
ConditionAbandoned
Site history
Built1935 (1935)
In use1935–2003
Battles/warsWorld War II
Operation Desert Storm
Operation Iraqi Freedom
Garrison information
GarrisonRoyal Air Force (1935–1958)
Iraqi Air Force (1958–2003)
Coalition Forces (2003)
Airfield information
Runways
Direction Length and surface
11/29 12,600 ft (closed) Concrete
16/34 8,800 ft (closed) Concrete

Overview

H-2 is located in southern Iraq approximately 350 kilometers (217 mi) west of Baghdad. The airfield is served by two runways 12,600 and 8,800 feet long. H-2 occupies a 41 sq km (15.8 sq mi) site and is protected by 26 km (16.1 mi) of security perimeter.

History

RAF H2

H-2 was established by the Royal Air Force as a landing ground as "RAF H2" in the 1930s. It was named for the nearby H2 pumping station on the Mosul–Haifa oil pipeline. H2 one of several airfields established as part of the British Mandate of Iraq. Iraq was artificially created at the close of World War I from the former Ottoman Empire as part of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. It was used until the 1940s by No. 84 Squadron RAF.

During the early days World War II, the airfield was abandoned as the RAF moved its units to RAF Habbaniya during the 1941 Iraqi coup d'état and subsequent Anglo-Iraqi War. It may have been used by some German Luftwaffe units that had moved in from Vichy French controlled Syria, during an attempted coups by German-leaning Iraqi Generals who had engineered a coup in Iraq on 31 March 1941. However, the British moved in both land reinforcements from British Palestine and flew in some Wellington and Blenheim bombers to RAF Habbaniya. The coup crumbled in disorder, with the pro-Nazi forces in Iraq surrendering on 30 May. The Luftwaffe units stranded in Iraq retreated back to Syria. Outnumbered at least three to one, using outmoded equipment and facing the best of Nazi Germany's air power, the British still managed to conquer Iraq in less than four weeks. It was the first time the Luftwaffe had been beaten in World War II.[1]

Iraqi Air Force

The airfield remained under British control until 1958, as a result of the 14 July 1958 Iraqi Revolution when Hashemite monarchy established by King Faisal I of Iraq in 1921 under the auspices of the British was overthrown. Subsequently, it was turned over to the Iraqi Air Force. During the 1970s, it was one of several Iraqi airfields upgraded under project "Super-Base" in response to the experiences from Arab-Israeli wars in 1967 and 1973.

Companies from Yugoslavia – previously engaged in building bridges in Iraq – became involved in airfield construction. Due to their specific construction of these airfields – which included taxi-ways leading right out of Hardened Aircraft Shelters (HAS) and laid diagonally to the runways – they became known as "Trapezoids" or "Yugos".

The facilities were divided into two categories: "surface" and "underground". The "surface" facilities were actually the "softest", and included maintenance hangars of metal construction, and HAS of concrete construction. In total, the Yugoslavs have built no less but 200 HAS on different airfields in Iraq during the 1980s.

The protection of each HAS consisted of one meter thick concrete shells, reinforced by 30 cm thick steel plates. There was only one entrance and this was covered by sliding doors, made of 50 cm thick steel armoured plate and concrete. The HAS' were usually built in small groups – seldom more than five, with each group sharing the same water and power supply, besides having own backup gasoline-powered electrical generator, and each HAS being equipped with a semi-automatic aircraft-refuelling system.

In addition, underground facilities that could shelter between four and ten aircraft on average were constructed. In order to build these the Yugoslavs used equipment and construction techniques identical to that use in underground oil-storage depots, additionally concealing the extension and the true purpose of the whole project. The underground facilities were all hardened to withstand a direct hit by a tactical nuclear bomb, buried up to 50 meters below the ground and consisted of the main aircraft "hangar" (consisting of two floors in several cases, connected by 40ts hydraulic lifts), connected with operations, maintenance, and logistical facilities via a net of underground corridors.[2]

1991 Gulf War

H-2 became an important target for American F-117 "Stealth" fighter attacks in the opening days of the Gulf war, according to military analysts. The U.S. conducted some 47 raids on the base, effectively closing it for the duration of the war.[3]

2003 Iraq War

On 18 March 2003, a combined force of B and D squadron of British 22nd SAS Regiment and 1 squadron of the Australian SASR crossed the Iraqi-Jordanian border and headed towards H-2. The combined force took H-2 virtually unopposed, a company of U.S. Army Rangers and Marines from 45 Commando flew from Jordan to the base, where the SAS/SASR handed the base over to their control.[4]

Current status

According to satellite imagery, the base appears abandoned, with most of the buildings either collapsed or in an advanced state of disrepair. The taxiways and runways appear to be methodically blocked with obstacles, the majority of which seem to be evenly-spaced piles of sandbags, rendering them unusable to aircraft.[5]

References

  This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency.

  1. ^ British fought the good fight once before in Iraq
  2. ^ Cooper, Tom; Bishop, Farzad (2000). Iran-Iraq War in the Air, 1980-1988. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Military History. pp. 248–249. ISBN 0764316699. LCCN 2002110491.
  3. ^ Urban, Mark, Task Force Black: The Explosive True Story of the Secret Special Forces War in Iraq , St. Martin's Griffin, 2012, ISBN 978-1-250-00696-7, p.10
  4. ^ Neville, Leigh, Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military), Osprey Publishing, 2015 ISBN 978-1-4728-0790-8, p.118-119
  5. ^ "Google Maps".

January 31, 2023
base, code, named, 202b, former, iraqi, force, base, anbar, governorate, iraq, captured, coalition, forces, during, operation, iraqi, freedom, 2003, anbar, province, iraq, 1995location, coordinates33, 35611, 59639, 35611, 59639, coordinates, 35611, 59639, 3561. H 2 Air Base code named 202B is a former Iraqi Air Force base in the Al Anbar Governorate of Iraq It was captured by U S led Coalition forces during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003 H 2 Air BaseAl Anbar Province IraqH 2 Air Base 1995H 2 Air BaseLocation of H 2 Air BaseCoordinates33 21 22 N 040 35 47 E 33 35611 N 40 59639 E 33 35611 40 59639 H 2 AB Coordinates 33 21 22 N 040 35 47 E 33 35611 N 40 59639 E 33 35611 40 59639 H 2 AB Site informationConditionAbandonedSite historyBuilt1935 1935 In use1935 2003Battles warsWorld War IIOperation Desert StormOperation Iraqi FreedomGarrison informationGarrisonRoyal Air Force 1935 1958 Iraqi Air Force 1958 2003 Coalition Forces 2003 Airfield informationRunwaysDirection Length and surface11 29 12 600 ft closed Concrete16 34 8 800 ft closed Concrete Contents 1 Overview 2 History 2 1 RAF H2 2 2 Iraqi Air Force 2 3 1991 Gulf War 2 4 2003 Iraq War 3 Current status 4 ReferencesOverview EditH 2 is located in southern Iraq approximately 350 kilometers 217 mi west of Baghdad The airfield is served by two runways 12 600 and 8 800 feet long H 2 occupies a 41 sq km 15 8 sq mi site and is protected by 26 km 16 1 mi of security perimeter History EditRAF H2 Edit H 2 was established by the Royal Air Force as a landing ground as RAF H2 in the 1930s It was named for the nearby H2 pumping station on the Mosul Haifa oil pipeline H2 one of several airfields established as part of the British Mandate of Iraq Iraq was artificially created at the close of World War I from the former Ottoman Empire as part of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles It was used until the 1940s by No 84 Squadron RAF During the early days World War II the airfield was abandoned as the RAF moved its units to RAF Habbaniya during the 1941 Iraqi coup d etat and subsequent Anglo Iraqi War It may have been used by some German Luftwaffe units that had moved in from Vichy French controlled Syria during an attempted coups by German leaning Iraqi Generals who had engineered a coup in Iraq on 31 March 1941 However the British moved in both land reinforcements from British Palestine and flew in some Wellington and Blenheim bombers to RAF Habbaniya The coup crumbled in disorder with the pro Nazi forces in Iraq surrendering on 30 May The Luftwaffe units stranded in Iraq retreated back to Syria Outnumbered at least three to one using outmoded equipment and facing the best of Nazi Germany s air power the British still managed to conquer Iraq in less than four weeks It was the first time the Luftwaffe had been beaten in World War II 1 Iraqi Air Force Edit The airfield remained under British control until 1958 as a result of the 14 July 1958 Iraqi Revolution when Hashemite monarchy established by King Faisal I of Iraq in 1921 under the auspices of the British was overthrown Subsequently it was turned over to the Iraqi Air Force During the 1970s it was one of several Iraqi airfields upgraded under project Super Base in response to the experiences from Arab Israeli wars in 1967 and 1973 Companies from Yugoslavia previously engaged in building bridges in Iraq became involved in airfield construction Due to their specific construction of these airfields which included taxi ways leading right out of Hardened Aircraft Shelters HAS and laid diagonally to the runways they became known as Trapezoids or Yugos The facilities were divided into two categories surface and underground The surface facilities were actually the softest and included maintenance hangars of metal construction and HAS of concrete construction In total the Yugoslavs have built no less but 200 HAS on different airfields in Iraq during the 1980s The protection of each HAS consisted of one meter thick concrete shells reinforced by 30 cm thick steel plates There was only one entrance and this was covered by sliding doors made of 50 cm thick steel armoured plate and concrete The HAS were usually built in small groups seldom more than five with each group sharing the same water and power supply besides having own backup gasoline powered electrical generator and each HAS being equipped with a semi automatic aircraft refuelling system In addition underground facilities that could shelter between four and ten aircraft on average were constructed In order to build these the Yugoslavs used equipment and construction techniques identical to that use in underground oil storage depots additionally concealing the extension and the true purpose of the whole project The underground facilities were all hardened to withstand a direct hit by a tactical nuclear bomb buried up to 50 meters below the ground and consisted of the main aircraft hangar consisting of two floors in several cases connected by 40ts hydraulic lifts connected with operations maintenance and logistical facilities via a net of underground corridors 2 1991 Gulf War Edit H 2 became an important target for American F 117 Stealth fighter attacks in the opening days of the Gulf war according to military analysts The U S conducted some 47 raids on the base effectively closing it for the duration of the war 3 2003 Iraq War Edit On 18 March 2003 a combined force of B and D squadron of British 22nd SAS Regiment and 1 squadron of the Australian SASR crossed the Iraqi Jordanian border and headed towards H 2 The combined force took H 2 virtually unopposed a company of U S Army Rangers and Marines from 45 Commando flew from Jordan to the base where the SAS SASR handed the base over to their control 4 Current status EditAccording to satellite imagery the base appears abandoned with most of the buildings either collapsed or in an advanced state of disrepair The taxiways and runways appear to be methodically blocked with obstacles the majority of which seem to be evenly spaced piles of sandbags rendering them unusable to aircraft 5 References Edit This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency British fought the good fight once before in Iraq Cooper Tom Bishop Farzad 2000 Iran Iraq War in the Air 1980 1988 Atglen Pennsylvania Schiffer Military History pp 248 249 ISBN 0764316699 LCCN 2002110491 Urban Mark Task Force Black The Explosive True Story of the Secret Special Forces War in Iraq St Martin s Griffin 2012 ISBN 978 1 250 00696 7 p 10 Neville Leigh Special Forces in the War on Terror General Military Osprey Publishing 2015 ISBN 978 1 4728 0790 8 p 118 119 Google Maps Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title H 2 Air Base amp oldid 1088782477, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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