The Iraq–Jordan border is 179 km (111 mi) in length and runs from the tripoint with Syria in the north to the tripoint with Saudi Arabia in the south.[1]
Map of the Iraq-Jordan, depicting both the 1932 (thin line) and 1984 (thick) borders
The border starts in the north at the Syrian tripoint and proceeds southwards via a series of six straight lines, down to the tripoint with Saudi Arabia. Iraq's Ruwayshid Air Base lies immediately adjacent to the border.
Historyedit
At the start of the 20th century the Ottoman Empire controlled what is now Jordan and Iraq, with the interior further south consisting of loosely organised Arab groupings, occasionally forming emirates, most prominent of which was the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa ruled by the al-Saud family.[2][3] During the First World War an Arab Revolt, supported by Britain, succeeded in removing the Ottomans from most of the Middle East. As a result of the secret 1916 Anglo-French Sykes-Picot Agreement Britain gained control of the Ottoman Vilayets of Mosul, Baghdad and Basra, which it organised into the mandate of Iraq in 1920, and also the southern half of the Vilayet of Syria (roughly, modern western Jordan). This latter area was contested between Britain, the newly formed Arab Kingdom of Syria, Zionists in the Mandatory Palestine, and Ibn Saud's new kingdom Saudi Arabia, resulting in a confused period in which the region was essentially an ungoverned space.[4] Eventually in 1921 Britain declared a mandate over the region, creating the Emirate of Transjordan, under the semi-autonomous rule of King Abdullah I.[5][6]
Map of the pre-1984 Iraq-Jordan border
No precise boundary between the Iraq and Transjordan mandates was drawn at that time.[3] The location of the Eastern border between Transjordan and Iraq was considered strategic with respect to the proposed construction of what became the Kirkuk–Haifa oil pipeline.[7] It was first set out on 2 December 1922, in a treaty to which Transjordan was not party to – the Uqair Protocol between Iraq and Nejd.[8] It described the western end of the Iraq-Nejd boundary as "the Jebel Anazan situated in the neighbourhood of the intersection of latitude 32 degrees north longitude 39 degrees east where the Iraq-Najd boundary terminated", thereby implicitly confirming this as the point at which the Iraq-Nejd boundary became the Transjordan-Nejd boundary.[8] This followed a proposal from T.E.Lawrence in January 1922 that Transjordan be extended to include Wadi Sirhan as far south as al-Jauf, in order to protect Britain's route to India and contain Ibn Saud.[9]
Iraq and Jordan's northern frontier with the French Mandate of Syria was fixed during the period 1920-23 by the Paulet–Newcombe Agreement.[3] Eventually an Iraq–Jordan border consisting of a single straight line was agreed upon by an exchange of notes between British and King Abdullah in July–August 1932.[3]
The 1932 border was revised in 1984, creating the modern frontier which consists of six straight lines.[10]
^CIA World Factbook – Iraq, retrieved 1 April 2020
^Madawi Al-Rasheed. A History of Saudi Arabia. Cambridge, England, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. 40.
^ abcd(PDF), 15 April 1970, archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2019, retrieved 2 April 2020
^Salibi, Kamal (1998). The Modern History of Jordan. I.B.Tauris. pp. 10, 30, 31, 49, 104. ISBN978-1-86064-331-6. from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
^Browne, O'Brien (10 August 2010). "Creating Chaos: Lawrence of Arabia and the 1916 Arab Revolt". HistoryNet, LLC. from the original on 13 October 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2015.
^League of Nations Official Journal, Nov. 1922, pp. 1188–1189, 1390–1391.
^Amadouny 2012, pp. 132–133, Amadouny cites Lawrence, 'Transjordan-Extension of Territory', 5 January 1922, CO 733 33.
^. Archived from the original on 20 April 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
Sourcesedit
Amadouny, Vartan (2012). "The Evolution of the Transjordan-Iraq Boundary, 1915–40". In Clive H. Schofield and Richard N. Schofield (ed.). The Middle East and North Africa: World Boundaries. Routledge. ISBN978-1-134-88028-7.
Wilson, Mary Christina (1990). King Abdullah, Britain and the Making of Jordan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN978-0-521-39987-6.
December 15, 2023
iraq, jordan, border, length, runs, from, tripoint, with, syria, north, tripoint, with, saudi, arabia, south, iraq, jordan, depicting, both, 1932, thin, line, 1984, thick, borders, contents, description, history, border, crossings, also, references, sourcesdes. The Iraq Jordan border is 179 km 111 mi in length and runs from the tripoint with Syria in the north to the tripoint with Saudi Arabia in the south 1 Map of the Iraq Jordan depicting both the 1932 thin line and 1984 thick borders Contents 1 Description 2 History 3 Border Crossings 4 See also 5 References 6 SourcesDescription editThe border starts in the north at the Syrian tripoint and proceeds southwards via a series of six straight lines down to the tripoint with Saudi Arabia Iraq s Ruwayshid Air Base lies immediately adjacent to the border History editAt the start of the 20th century the Ottoman Empire controlled what is now Jordan and Iraq with the interior further south consisting of loosely organised Arab groupings occasionally forming emirates most prominent of which was the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa ruled by the al Saud family 2 3 During the First World War an Arab Revolt supported by Britain succeeded in removing the Ottomans from most of the Middle East As a result of the secret 1916 Anglo French Sykes Picot Agreement Britain gained control of the Ottoman Vilayets of Mosul Baghdad and Basra which it organised into the mandate of Iraq in 1920 and also the southern half of the Vilayet of Syria roughly modern western Jordan This latter area was contested between Britain the newly formed Arab Kingdom of Syria Zionists in the Mandatory Palestine and Ibn Saud s new kingdom Saudi Arabia resulting in a confused period in which the region was essentially an ungoverned space 4 Eventually in 1921 Britain declared a mandate over the region creating the Emirate of Transjordan under the semi autonomous rule of King Abdullah I 5 6 nbsp Map of the pre 1984 Iraq Jordan borderNo precise boundary between the Iraq and Transjordan mandates was drawn at that time 3 The location of the Eastern border between Transjordan and Iraq was considered strategic with respect to the proposed construction of what became the Kirkuk Haifa oil pipeline 7 It was first set out on 2 December 1922 in a treaty to which Transjordan was not party to the Uqair Protocol between Iraq and Nejd 8 It described the western end of the Iraq Nejd boundary as the Jebel Anazan situated in the neighbourhood of the intersection of latitude 32 degrees north longitude 39 degrees east where the Iraq Najd boundary terminated thereby implicitly confirming this as the point at which the Iraq Nejd boundary became the Transjordan Nejd boundary 8 This followed a proposal from T E Lawrence in January 1922 that Transjordan be extended to include Wadi Sirhan as far south as al Jauf in order to protect Britain s route to India and contain Ibn Saud 9 Iraq and Jordan s northern frontier with the French Mandate of Syria was fixed during the period 1920 23 by the Paulet Newcombe Agreement 3 Eventually an Iraq Jordan border consisting of a single straight line was agreed upon by an exchange of notes between British and King Abdullah in July August 1932 3 The 1932 border was revised in 1984 creating the modern frontier which consists of six straight lines 10 Border Crossings edit nbsp A US marine on the Karameh border crossingKarameh Border CrossingSee also editIraq Jordan relationsReferences edit CIA World Factbook Iraq retrieved 1 April 2020 Madawi Al Rasheed A History of Saudi Arabia Cambridge England UK Cambridge University Press 2002 Pp 40 a b c d International Boundary Study No 98 Iraq Jordan Boundary PDF 15 April 1970 archived from the original PDF on 1 October 2019 retrieved 2 April 2020 Salibi Kamal 1998 The Modern History of Jordan I B Tauris pp 10 30 31 49 104 ISBN 978 1 86064 331 6 Archived from the original on 12 March 2016 Retrieved 20 March 2016 Browne O Brien 10 August 2010 Creating Chaos Lawrence of Arabia and the 1916 Arab Revolt HistoryNet LLC Archived from the original on 13 October 2015 Retrieved 15 October 2015 League of Nations Official Journal Nov 1922 pp 1188 1189 1390 1391 Wilson 1990 p 100 a b Amadouny 2012 pp 132 133 Amadouny 2012 pp 132 133 Amadouny cites Lawrence Transjordan Extension of Territory 5 January 1922 CO 733 33 Cambridge Archive Editions Arabian Boundary Disputes Archived from the original on 20 April 2019 Retrieved 6 April 2020 Sources editAmadouny Vartan 2012 The Evolution of the Transjordan Iraq Boundary 1915 40 In Clive H Schofield and Richard N Schofield ed The Middle East and North Africa World Boundaries Routledge ISBN 978 1 134 88028 7 Wilson Mary Christina 1990 King Abdullah Britain and the Making of Jordan Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 39987 6 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Iraq Jordan border amp oldid 1181801225, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
