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Gustav Denk

December 15, 2023

Gustav Denk (24 January 1915 – 13 February 1943) was a German military aviator who served in the Luftwaffe during World War II. As a fighter ace, he was credited with 67 aerial victories—that is, 67 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—claimed in over 500 combat missions. One aerial victories were claimed over the Western Front, the other victories were claimed over the Eastern Front.

Gustav Denk
Born24 January 1915
Soest
Died13 February 1943(1943-02-13) (aged 28)
Chernigov
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branch Luftwaffe
Years of service1939–1943
RankOberleutnant (first lieutenant)
UnitJG 52
Commands held5./JG 52, 6./JG 52
Battles/wars
See battles

World War II

AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Denk was born in Soest, and following fighter pilot training was posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in 1939. He claimed his first aerial victory on 13 July 1940 during the Battle of Britain. In 1941, his unit was transferred east where it participated in Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. In January 1943, Denk was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of JG 52. On 13 February 1943, he was killed in action, shot down by Soviet anti-aircraft artillery near Chernigov. Posthumously, Denk was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 14 March 1943.

Career edit

Denk was born on 24 January 1915 in Soest in the Province of Westphalia of the German Empire.[1] In late 1939, he was posted to II. Gruppe (2nd group) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing), at the time headed by Hauptmann Hans-Günther von Kornatzki.[2] On 27 June 1940, II. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Nordholz located approximately 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) south of Cuxhaven. Here on 13 July during the Battle of Britain, Denk claimed his first aerial victory when he shot down a Royal Air Force Bristol Blenheim bomber.[3]

Operation Barbarossa edit

In preparation of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, II. Gruppe of JG 52, without a period of replenishment in Germany, was ordered to airfields close to the German-Soviet demarcation line. While the Gruppenstab (group headquarters unit) and 4. Staffel were based at Suwałki in northeastern Poland, 5. and 6. Staffel were transferred to a forward airfield at Sobolewo. For the invasion, II. Gruppe of JG 52 was subordinated to the Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit) of Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—27th Fighter Wing). The Geschwader was part of the VIII. Fliegerkorps commanded by Generaloberst Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen which supported the northern wing of Army Group Centre.[4]

II. Gruppe was ordered to relocate to Soltsy, 30 kilometers (19 miles) west of Lake Ilmen, on 5 August in support of the 16th Army and Army Group North.[5] Here, the Gruppe supported the fighting south of Lake Ilmen, and the German attacks on Shlisselburg, Leningrad and the Soviet fleet at Kronstadt.[6] On 24 August, II. Gruppe was ordered to an airfield at Spasskaya Polist on the river Polist, south of Chudovo and north of Novgorod on Lake Ilmen, supporting the 18th Army in its advance towards the Neva and Lake Ladoga. Here Denk claimed his second aerial victory and first on the Eastern Front on 25 August when he shot down an I-18 fighter, an alternative Luftwaffe name for a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1.[7]

Since German forces had reached the proximity of Leningrad, II. Gruppe was ordered to Lyuban on 1 September, approximately 70 kilometers (43 miles) to Leningrad and located on the road to Moscow.[8] The Gruppe stayed at Lyuban until 30 September, flying missions to Shlisselburg, Leningrad and Mga. Here Denk claimed a Polikarpov I-16 fighter on 7 September and a Polikarpov I-153 fighter on 21 September.[9]

Eastern Front edit

In late January 1942, II. Gruppe was withdrawn from the Eastern Front and sent to Jesau near Königsberg for a period of recuperation and replenishment, arriving on 24 January 1942.[10] In Jesau, the Gruppe received many factory-new Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-4 aircraft. On 14 April, II. Gruppe received orders to move to Pilsen, present-day Plzeň in the Czech Republic, for relocation to the Eastern Front.[11] The Gruppe had also received a new commander, Hauptmann Erich Woitke had been transferred and was replaced by Hauptmann Johannes Steinhoff.[12] The Gruppe then moved to Wien-Schwechat on 24 April before flying to Zürichtal, present-day Solote Pole, a village near the urban settlement Kirovske in the Crimea. There, II. Gruppe participated in Operation Trappenjagd, a German counterattack during the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula, launched on 8 May.[11]

The Gruppe then moved to Maykop located in the North Caucasus on 21 September where, with the exception of 24 to 29 October, they were based until 26 November.[13] Here, Denk claimed two aerial victories over Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighters near Tuapse on 25 September, taking his total to 21 aerial victories.[14] On 19 November, Soviet forces launched Operation Uranus which led to the encirclement of Axis forces in the vicinity of Stalingrad. To support the German forces fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad forced the Luftwaffe to relocate its forces and ordered II. Gruppe to move from Maykop to Morozovsk, located approximately 200 kilometers (120 miles) west of Stalingrad, on 26 November. By end of November 1942, Denk's number of aerial victories had increased to 36, making him the fifth most successful fighter pilot of II. Gruppe.[15]

On 23 December, Denk received the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold).[16] On 30 December, the Gruppe was ordered to an airfield at Gigant, retreating from the advancing Soviet forces. There, the unit flew ground missions against the Soviet infantry as well as fighter escort missions for Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers.[17] On 22 January 1943, II. Gruppe had to retreat further and moved to an airfield at Rostov-on-Don.[18] Operating from Rostov, Denk claimed a Petlyakov Pe-2 bomber on 26 January, a Polikarpov R-5 reconnaissance bomber on 27 January, two LaGG-3 fighters on 31 January, a Lavochkin La-5 fighter on 1 February, and another La-5 and a Yakovlev Yak-1 fighter the following day.[19]

Squadron leader and death edit

In January 1943, Denk officially succeeded Oberleutnant Siegfried Simsch as Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 5. Staffel of JG 52. Simsch had been wounded in combat on 3 November 1942. The Staffel had then been temporarily led by Oberfeldwebel Willi Nemitz.[20] On 7 February, the Gruppe moved to Kuteinikowo near Stalino, present-day Donetsk, where Denk claimed a Yak-1 that day.[21] On 10 February, he succeeded Hauptmann Rudolf Resch as Staffelkapitän of 6. Staffel of JG 52.[22][23] That day, the Gruppe was moved to the combat area of the Kuban bridgehead where it was initially based at an airfield at Slavyansk-na-Kubani. The next day on 11 February, he claimed two Yak-1 fighters. On 12 February, Denk became an ace-in-a-day, claiming four I-153 fighters and a R-5 reconnaissance bomber.[24]

On 13 February, Denk claimed his 67th and last aerial victory when he shot down a Douglas A-20 Havoc, also known as "Boston".[25] He was then killed in action when he was shot down in his Bf 109 G-2 (Werknummer 14554—factory number) by anti-aircraft artillery over the Soviet airfield at Chernigov.[26] He was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 14 March 1943.[27][28] Denk was succeeded by Nemitz as commander of 6. Staffel.[29]

Summary of career edit

Aerial victory claims edit

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Denk was credited with 67 aerial victories.[30] Spick also lists Denk with 67 aerial victories claimed in over 500 combat missions.[31] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 67 aerial victory claims, plus one further unconfirmed claim. All but two of his confirmed victories were claimed on the Eastern Front.[32]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 95722". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[33]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Denk an ace-in-a-day, a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Denk did not receive credit.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[34]
Battle of Britain and on the English Channel — 26 June 1940 – 9 June 1941
1 13 July 1940 19:50 Blenheim northwest of Borkum[35]
—
 1 May 1941 14:28 Blenheim[36]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[34]
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 6 November 1941
2 25 August 1941 16:35 I-18 (MiG-1)[37] 4 21 September 1941 05:55 I-153[38]
3 7 September 1941 18:30 I-16[38]
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[32]
Eastern Front — 7 May 1942 – January 1943
5 9 May 1942 15:27 I-16[39] 29 12 November 1942 14:04 I-16 PQ 95722[40]
20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Tuapse
6 13 June 1942 10:27 LaGG-3[41] 30 12 November 1942 14:06 Il-2 PQ 95753[40]
15 km (9.3 mi) east of Tuapse
7 22 August 1942 10:56 I-153 PQ 49334[42]
south of Stalingrad 		31 15 November 1942 09:14 Yak-1 PQ 94161, Lazarevskoye[40]
45 km (28 mi) southwest of Pavlovskaya
8 23 August 1942 05:40 LaGG-3 PQ 49661[42]
65 km (40 mi) southeast of Stalingrad 		32 28 November 1942 12:06 Il-2 PQ 49382[43]
25 km (16 mi) south of Bassargino
9 23 August 1942 17:30 LaGG-3 PQ 49271[42]
5 km (3.1 mi) east of Stalingrad 		33 28 November 1942 12:10 Il-2 PQ 49353[43]
south of Bassargino
10 7 September 1942 12:05 I-16 PQ 44651[44] 34 30 November 1942 13:09 Yak-1 PQ 39143[43]
35 km (22 mi) west-northwest of Kalach
11 9 September 1942 05:38 LaGG-3 PQ 54571[44]
west of Bolkhov 		35 30 November 1942 13:12 Yak-1 PQ 39153[43]
20 km (12 mi) northwest of Kalach
12 9 September 1942 14:04 LaGG-3 PQ 44444[44] 36 30 November 1942 13:15 Il-2 PQ 29432[43]
vicinity of Usawijnskij
13 9 September 1942 14:08 LaGG-3 PQ 44482[44] 37 1 December 1942 08:57 P-40 PQ 39311[43]
30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Oblivskaya
14 10 September 1942 14:07 LaGG-3 PQ 44153[44]
vicinity of Wosnessnokaja 		38 2 December 1942 12:14 Yak-1 PQ 49354[43]
south of Bassargeno
15 12 September 1942 14:12?[Note 1] P-40?[Note 1] PQ 49413, Krasnaya Sloboda[44]
south of Malgobek 		39 2 December 1942 12:16 Il-2 PQ 49354[43]
south of Bassargeno
16 16 September 1942 16:20 LaGG-3 PQ 54414, northeast of Kalinowskaja[44]
vicinity of Kalinowskaja 		40 8 December 1942 09:45 Yak-1 PQ 39651[45]
35 km (22 mi) north of Shutow
17 16 September 1942 16:21 LaGG-3 PQ 54414, northeast of Kalinowskaja[44]
vicinity of Kalinowskaja 		41 8 December 1942 09:46 Yak-1 PQ 39654, Nowy Jereskij[45]
35 km (22 mi) north of Shutow
18 18 September 1942 14:15 I-153 PQ 54412[44]
vicinity of Kalinowskaja 		42 8 December 1942 09:58 P-40 PQ 39491[45]
vicinity of Nowij-Kut
19 18 September 1942 14:16 I-153 PQ 54412[44]
vicinity of Kalinowskaja 		43 18 December 1942 10:33 Yak-1 PQ 39823[46]
vicinity of Gromosslawka
20 25 September 1942 16:30 LaGG-3 PQ 95763, Tuapse[47] 44 18 December 1942 10:34 Yak-1 PQ 39733[46]
30 km (19 mi) northwest of Shutow
21 25 September 1942 16:31 LaGG-3 PQ 95763, Tuapse[47] 45 19 December 1942 13:14 La-5 PQ 49534[48]
35–40 km (22–25 mi) south of Stalingrad
22 26 October 1942 14:20 Yak-1 PQ 44784[49] 46 19 December 1942 13:15 Yak-1 PQ 49641[48]
45 km (28 mi) south-southeast of Stalingrad
23 30 October 1942 12:33 Yak-1 PQ 94161, Lazarevskoye[49] 47 19 December 1942 13:17 Yak-1 PQ 49671[48]
50 km (31 mi) south-southeast of Stalingrad
24 30 October 1942 12:37 Yak-1 PQ 94161, Lazarevskoye[49] 48 20 December 1942 10:54 Il-2 PQ 39853[48]
25 2 November 1942 11:56 LaGG-3 PQ 94152[40] 49 22 December 1942 10:51?[Note 2] La-5 PQ 39823, north of Vasilyevka[48]
vicinity of Gromosslawka
26 2 November 1942 11:56 LaGG-3 PQ 94152[40] 50 26 December 1942 10:28?[Note 3] La-5 PQ 39812[48]
25 km (16 mi) northwest of Shutow
27 3 November 1942 11:32 Pe-2 PQ 94481[40] 51 28 December 1942 10:27 La-5 PQ 38351, north of Kotelnikowo[48]
28 3 November 1942 12:00 LaGG-3 PQ 94152[40]
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[32]
Eastern Front — January – 3 February 1943
52 26 January 1943 10:35 Pe-2 PQ 08613[48] 56 1 February 1943 12:00 La-5 PQ 18544[48]
53 27 January 1943 14:25 R-5 PQ 07442[48] 57 2 February 1943 06:50 La-5 PQ 12842[51]
20 km (12 mi) west-northwest of Neshin
54 31 January 1943 13:07 LaGG-3 PQ 99601[48] 58 2 February 1943 13:32 Yak-1 PQ 08843[51]
55 31 January 1943 13:10 LaGG-3 PQ 99541[48]
– 5. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[50]
Eastern Front — 4 – 10 February 1943
59 7 February 1943 12:54 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 99662[52]
5 km (3.1 mi) east of Rovenki
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 –[50]
Eastern Front — 10 – 13 February 1943
60 11 February 1943 06:00 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 8646[52] 64♠ 12 February 1943 14:35 I-153 PQ 34 Ost 85482[52]
vicinity of Schabonowskoja
61 11 February 1943 06:02 Yak-1 PQ 34 Ost 8649[52] 65♠ 12 February 1943 14:37 I-153 PQ 34 Ost 85624[52]
Lake south of Nowo-Michajlowskoje
62♠ 12 February 1943 07:50 I-153 PQ 34 Ost 85174[52]
west of Eriwanskaja 		66♠ 12 February 1943 14:42 R-5 PQ 34 Ost 85833[52]
Oljginka
63♠ 12 February 1943 07:53 I-153 PQ 34 Ost 85311[52]
vicinity of Schapssugskaja 		67 13 February 1943 09:38 Boston PQ 34 Ost 86522[52]
Storo-Dsherilijewskaja

Awards edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 04:12 over a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3.[34]
  2. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 00:51.[50]
  3. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 00:28.[50]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 100.
  2. ^ Schreier 1990, pp. 183, 188.
  3. ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 31, 327.
  4. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 26.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 28.
  6. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 79.
  7. ^ Prien et al. 2003, pp. 29, 31, 44.
  8. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 80.
  9. ^ Prien et al. 2003, pp. 31, 45.
  10. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 446.
  11. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 447.
  12. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 285.
  13. ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 108–110.
  14. ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 109, 335.
  15. ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 110–111.
  16. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 288.
  17. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 113.
  18. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 114.
  19. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 340.
  20. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 475.
  21. ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 114, 340.
  22. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 374.
  23. ^ Weal 2007, p. 33.
  24. ^ Barbas 2005, pp. 124, 340–341.
  25. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 341.
  26. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 396.
  27. ^ Schreier 1990, p. 183.
  28. ^ Weal 2004, p. 92.
  29. ^ Barbas 2005, p. 286.
  30. ^ Zabecki 2014, p. 1616.
  31. ^ Spick 1996, p. 239.
  32. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 212–213.
  33. ^ Planquadrat.
  34. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 212.
  35. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 155.
  36. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 156.
  37. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 44.
  38. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 45.
  39. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 481.
  40. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 494.
  41. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 482.
  42. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 487.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2006, p. 495.
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Prien et al. 2006, p. 490.
  45. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 496.
  46. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 497.
  47. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 491.
  48. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al. 2006, p. 498.
  49. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2006, p. 492.
  50. ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 213.
  51. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 499.
  52. ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2012, p. 378.
  53. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 65.
  54. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 82.
  55. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 159.
  56. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 269.

Bibliography edit

  • Barbas, Bernd (2005). Die Geschichte der II. Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 [The History of 2nd Group of Fighter Wing 52] (in German). ISBN 978-3-923457-71-7.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. . Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/II—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/II—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-64-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/II—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/II—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-70-0.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
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December 15, 2023
gustav, denk, january, 1915, february, 1943, german, military, aviator, served, luftwaffe, during, world, fighter, credited, with, aerial, victories, that, aerial, combat, encounters, resulting, destruction, enemy, aircraft, claimed, over, combat, missions, ae. Gustav Denk 24 January 1915 13 February 1943 was a German military aviator who served in the Luftwaffe during World War II As a fighter ace he was credited with 67 aerial victories that is 67 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft claimed in over 500 combat missions One aerial victories were claimed over the Western Front the other victories were claimed over the Eastern Front Gustav DenkBorn24 January 1915SoestDied13 February 1943 1943 02 13 aged 28 ChernigovAllegiance Nazi GermanyService wbr branch LuftwaffeYears of service1939 1943RankOberleutnant first lieutenant UnitJG 52Commands held5 JG 52 6 JG 52Battles warsSee battlesWorld War II Invasion of Poland Battle of France Battle of Britain Eastern FrontOperation Barbarossa Operation Blue Battle of the Caucasus AwardsKnight s Cross of the Iron CrossDenk was born in Soest and following fighter pilot training was posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 JG 52 52nd Fighter Wing in 1939 He claimed his first aerial victory on 13 July 1940 during the Battle of Britain In 1941 his unit was transferred east where it participated in Operation Barbarossa the German invasion of the Soviet Union In January 1943 Denk was appointed Staffelkapitan squadron leader of 5 Staffel 5th squadron of JG 52 On 13 February 1943 he was killed in action shot down by Soviet anti aircraft artillery near Chernigov Posthumously Denk was awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross on 14 March 1943 Contents 1 Career 1 1 Operation Barbarossa 1 2 Eastern Front 1 3 Squadron leader and death 2 Summary of career 2 1 Aerial victory claims 2 2 Awards 3 Notes 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 BibliographyCareer editDenk was born on 24 January 1915 in Soest in the Province of Westphalia of the German Empire 1 In late 1939 he was posted to II Gruppe 2nd group of Jagdgeschwader 52 JG 52 52nd Fighter Wing at the time headed by Hauptmann Hans Gunther von Kornatzki 2 On 27 June 1940 II Gruppe moved to an airfield at Nordholz located approximately 10 kilometers 6 2 miles south of Cuxhaven Here on 13 July during the Battle of Britain Denk claimed his first aerial victory when he shot down a Royal Air Force Bristol Blenheim bomber 3 Operation Barbarossa edit In preparation of Operation Barbarossa the German invasion of the Soviet Union II Gruppe of JG 52 without a period of replenishment in Germany was ordered to airfields close to the German Soviet demarcation line While the Gruppenstab group headquarters unit and 4 Staffel were based at Suwalki in northeastern Poland 5 and 6 Staffel were transferred to a forward airfield at Sobolewo For the invasion II Gruppe of JG 52 was subordinated to the Geschwaderstab headquarters unit of Jagdgeschwader 27 JG 27 27th Fighter Wing The Geschwader was part of the VIII Fliegerkorps commanded by Generaloberst Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen which supported the northern wing of Army Group Centre 4 II Gruppe was ordered to relocate to Soltsy 30 kilometers 19 miles west of Lake Ilmen on 5 August in support of the 16th Army and Army Group North 5 Here the Gruppe supported the fighting south of Lake Ilmen and the German attacks on Shlisselburg Leningrad and the Soviet fleet at Kronstadt 6 On 24 August II Gruppe was ordered to an airfield at Spasskaya Polist on the river Polist south of Chudovo and north of Novgorod on Lake Ilmen supporting the 18th Army in its advance towards the Neva and Lake Ladoga Here Denk claimed his second aerial victory and first on the Eastern Front on 25 August when he shot down an I 18 fighter an alternative Luftwaffe name for a Mikoyan Gurevich MiG 1 7 Since German forces had reached the proximity of Leningrad II Gruppe was ordered to Lyuban on 1 September approximately 70 kilometers 43 miles to Leningrad and located on the road to Moscow 8 The Gruppe stayed at Lyuban until 30 September flying missions to Shlisselburg Leningrad and Mga Here Denk claimed a Polikarpov I 16 fighter on 7 September and a Polikarpov I 153 fighter on 21 September 9 Eastern Front edit In late January 1942 II Gruppe was withdrawn from the Eastern Front and sent to Jesau near Konigsberg for a period of recuperation and replenishment arriving on 24 January 1942 10 In Jesau the Gruppe received many factory new Messerschmitt Bf 109 F 4 aircraft On 14 April II Gruppe received orders to move to Pilsen present day Plzen in the Czech Republic for relocation to the Eastern Front 11 The Gruppe had also received a new commander Hauptmann Erich Woitke had been transferred and was replaced by Hauptmann Johannes Steinhoff 12 The Gruppe then moved to Wien Schwechat on 24 April before flying to Zurichtal present day Solote Pole a village near the urban settlement Kirovske in the Crimea There II Gruppe participated in Operation Trappenjagd a German counterattack during the Battle of the Kerch Peninsula launched on 8 May 11 The Gruppe then moved to Maykop located in the North Caucasus on 21 September where with the exception of 24 to 29 October they were based until 26 November 13 Here Denk claimed two aerial victories over Lavochkin Gorbunov Gudkov LaGG 3 fighters near Tuapse on 25 September taking his total to 21 aerial victories 14 On 19 November Soviet forces launched Operation Uranus which led to the encirclement of Axis forces in the vicinity of Stalingrad To support the German forces fighting in the Battle of Stalingrad forced the Luftwaffe to relocate its forces and ordered II Gruppe to move from Maykop to Morozovsk located approximately 200 kilometers 120 miles west of Stalingrad on 26 November By end of November 1942 Denk s number of aerial victories had increased to 36 making him the fifth most successful fighter pilot of II Gruppe 15 On 23 December Denk received the German Cross in Gold Deutsches Kreuz in Gold 16 On 30 December the Gruppe was ordered to an airfield at Gigant retreating from the advancing Soviet forces There the unit flew ground missions against the Soviet infantry as well as fighter escort missions for Luftwaffe Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers 17 On 22 January 1943 II Gruppe had to retreat further and moved to an airfield at Rostov on Don 18 Operating from Rostov Denk claimed a Petlyakov Pe 2 bomber on 26 January a Polikarpov R 5 reconnaissance bomber on 27 January two LaGG 3 fighters on 31 January a Lavochkin La 5 fighter on 1 February and another La 5 and a Yakovlev Yak 1 fighter the following day 19 Squadron leader and death edit In January 1943 Denk officially succeeded Oberleutnant Siegfried Simsch as Staffelkapitan squadron leader of 5 Staffel of JG 52 Simsch had been wounded in combat on 3 November 1942 The Staffel had then been temporarily led by Oberfeldwebel Willi Nemitz 20 On 7 February the Gruppe moved to Kuteinikowo near Stalino present day Donetsk where Denk claimed a Yak 1 that day 21 On 10 February he succeeded Hauptmann Rudolf Resch as Staffelkapitan of 6 Staffel of JG 52 22 23 That day the Gruppe was moved to the combat area of the Kuban bridgehead where it was initially based at an airfield at Slavyansk na Kubani The next day on 11 February he claimed two Yak 1 fighters On 12 February Denk became an ace in a day claiming four I 153 fighters and a R 5 reconnaissance bomber 24 On 13 February Denk claimed his 67th and last aerial victory when he shot down a Douglas A 20 Havoc also known as Boston 25 He was then killed in action when he was shot down in his Bf 109 G 2 Werknummer 14554 factory number by anti aircraft artillery over the Soviet airfield at Chernigov 26 He was posthumously awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 14 March 1943 27 28 Denk was succeeded by Nemitz as commander of 6 Staffel 29 Summary of career editAerial victory claims edit According to US historian David T Zabecki Denk was credited with 67 aerial victories 30 Spick also lists Denk with 67 aerial victories claimed in over 500 combat missions 31 Mathews and Foreman authors of Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 67 aerial victory claims plus one further unconfirmed claim All but two of his confirmed victories were claimed on the Eastern Front 32 Victory claims were logged to a map reference PQ Planquadrat for example PQ 95722 The Luftwaffe grid map Jagermeldenetz covered all of Europe western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude an area of about 360 square miles 930 km2 These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km 4 km 1 9 mi 2 5 mi in size 33 Chronicle of aerial victories This and the Ace of spades indicates those aerial victories which made Denk an ace in a day a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day This and the dash indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Denk did not receive credit This and the question mark indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien Stemmer Rodeike Bock Mathews and Foreman Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location 6 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 34 Battle of Britain and on the English Channel 26 June 1940 9 June 19411 13 July 1940 19 50 Blenheim northwest of Borkum 35 1 May 1941 14 28 Blenheim 36 6 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 34 Operation Barbarossa 22 June 6 November 19412 25 August 1941 16 35 I 18 MiG 1 37 4 21 September 1941 05 55 I 153 38 3 7 September 1941 18 30 I 16 38 Stab II Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 52 32 Eastern Front 7 May 1942 January 19435 9 May 1942 15 27 I 16 39 29 12 November 1942 14 04 I 16 PQ 95722 40 20 km 12 mi north northeast of Tuapse6 13 June 1942 10 27 LaGG 3 41 30 12 November 1942 14 06 Il 2 PQ 95753 40 15 km 9 3 mi east of Tuapse7 22 August 1942 10 56 I 153 PQ 49334 42 south of Stalingrad 31 15 November 1942 09 14 Yak 1 PQ 94161 Lazarevskoye 40 45 km 28 mi southwest of Pavlovskaya8 23 August 1942 05 40 LaGG 3 PQ 49661 42 65 km 40 mi southeast of Stalingrad 32 28 November 1942 12 06 Il 2 PQ 49382 43 25 km 16 mi south of Bassargino9 23 August 1942 17 30 LaGG 3 PQ 49271 42 5 km 3 1 mi east of Stalingrad 33 28 November 1942 12 10 Il 2 PQ 49353 43 south of Bassargino10 7 September 1942 12 05 I 16 PQ 44651 44 34 30 November 1942 13 09 Yak 1 PQ 39143 43 35 km 22 mi west northwest of Kalach11 9 September 1942 05 38 LaGG 3 PQ 54571 44 west of Bolkhov 35 30 November 1942 13 12 Yak 1 PQ 39153 43 20 km 12 mi northwest of Kalach12 9 September 1942 14 04 LaGG 3 PQ 44444 44 36 30 November 1942 13 15 Il 2 PQ 29432 43 vicinity of Usawijnskij13 9 September 1942 14 08 LaGG 3 PQ 44482 44 37 1 December 1942 08 57 P 40 PQ 39311 43 30 km 19 mi east northeast of Oblivskaya14 10 September 1942 14 07 LaGG 3 PQ 44153 44 vicinity of Wosnessnokaja 38 2 December 1942 12 14 Yak 1 PQ 49354 43 south of Bassargeno15 12 September 1942 14 12 Note 1 P 40 Note 1 PQ 49413 Krasnaya Sloboda 44 south of Malgobek 39 2 December 1942 12 16 Il 2 PQ 49354 43 south of Bassargeno16 16 September 1942 16 20 LaGG 3 PQ 54414 northeast of Kalinowskaja 44 vicinity of Kalinowskaja 40 8 December 1942 09 45 Yak 1 PQ 39651 45 35 km 22 mi north of Shutow17 16 September 1942 16 21 LaGG 3 PQ 54414 northeast of Kalinowskaja 44 vicinity of Kalinowskaja 41 8 December 1942 09 46 Yak 1 PQ 39654 Nowy Jereskij 45 35 km 22 mi north of Shutow18 18 September 1942 14 15 I 153 PQ 54412 44 vicinity of Kalinowskaja 42 8 December 1942 09 58 P 40 PQ 39491 45 vicinity of Nowij Kut19 18 September 1942 14 16 I 153 PQ 54412 44 vicinity of Kalinowskaja 43 18 December 1942 10 33 Yak 1 PQ 39823 46 vicinity of Gromosslawka20 25 September 1942 16 30 LaGG 3 PQ 95763 Tuapse 47 44 18 December 1942 10 34 Yak 1 PQ 39733 46 30 km 19 mi northwest of Shutow21 25 September 1942 16 31 LaGG 3 PQ 95763 Tuapse 47 45 19 December 1942 13 14 La 5 PQ 49534 48 35 40 km 22 25 mi south of Stalingrad22 26 October 1942 14 20 Yak 1 PQ 44784 49 46 19 December 1942 13 15 Yak 1 PQ 49641 48 45 km 28 mi south southeast of Stalingrad23 30 October 1942 12 33 Yak 1 PQ 94161 Lazarevskoye 49 47 19 December 1942 13 17 Yak 1 PQ 49671 48 50 km 31 mi south southeast of Stalingrad24 30 October 1942 12 37 Yak 1 PQ 94161 Lazarevskoye 49 48 20 December 1942 10 54 Il 2 PQ 39853 48 25 2 November 1942 11 56 LaGG 3 PQ 94152 40 49 22 December 1942 10 51 Note 2 La 5 PQ 39823 north of Vasilyevka 48 vicinity of Gromosslawka26 2 November 1942 11 56 LaGG 3 PQ 94152 40 50 26 December 1942 10 28 Note 3 La 5 PQ 39812 48 25 km 16 mi northwest of Shutow27 3 November 1942 11 32 Pe 2 PQ 94481 40 51 28 December 1942 10 27 La 5 PQ 38351 north of Kotelnikowo 48 28 3 November 1942 12 00 LaGG 3 PQ 94152 40 5 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 32 Eastern Front January 3 February 194352 26 January 1943 10 35 Pe 2 PQ 08613 48 56 1 February 1943 12 00 La 5 PQ 18544 48 53 27 January 1943 14 25 R 5 PQ 07442 48 57 2 February 1943 06 50 La 5 PQ 12842 51 20 km 12 mi west northwest of Neshin54 31 January 1943 13 07 LaGG 3 PQ 99601 48 58 2 February 1943 13 32 Yak 1 PQ 08843 51 55 31 January 1943 13 10 LaGG 3 PQ 99541 48 5 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 50 Eastern Front 4 10 February 194359 7 February 1943 12 54 Yak 1 PQ 34 Ost 99662 52 5 km 3 1 mi east of Rovenki 6 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 50 Eastern Front 10 13 February 194360 11 February 1943 06 00 Yak 1 PQ 34 Ost 8646 52 64 12 February 1943 14 35 I 153 PQ 34 Ost 85482 52 vicinity of Schabonowskoja61 11 February 1943 06 02 Yak 1 PQ 34 Ost 8649 52 65 12 February 1943 14 37 I 153 PQ 34 Ost 85624 52 Lake south of Nowo Michajlowskoje62 12 February 1943 07 50 I 153 PQ 34 Ost 85174 52 west of Eriwanskaja 66 12 February 1943 14 42 R 5 PQ 34 Ost 85833 52 Oljginka63 12 February 1943 07 53 I 153 PQ 34 Ost 85311 52 vicinity of Schapssugskaja 67 13 February 1943 09 38 Boston PQ 34 Ost 86522 52 Storo DsherilijewskajaAwards edit Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 2 November 1942 as Leutnant and pilot 53 German Cross in Gold on 23 December 1942 as Leutnant in the II Jagdgeschwader 52 54 Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross on 14 March 1943 as Oberleutnant and pilot in the II Jagdgeschwader 52 55 56 Notes edit a b According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 04 12 over a Lavochkin Gorbunov Gudkov LaGG 3 34 According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 00 51 50 According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 00 28 50 References editCitations edit Obermaier 1989 p 100 Schreier 1990 pp 183 188 Barbas 2005 pp 31 327 Prien et al 2003 p 26 Prien et al 2003 p 28 Barbas 2005 p 79 Prien et al 2003 pp 29 31 44 Barbas 2005 p 80 Prien et al 2003 pp 31 45 Prien et al 2006 p 446 a b Prien et al 2006 p 447 Barbas 2005 p 285 Barbas 2005 pp 108 110 Barbas 2005 pp 109 335 Barbas 2005 pp 110 111 Barbas 2005 p 288 Barbas 2005 p 113 Barbas 2005 p 114 Barbas 2005 p 340 Prien et al 2006 p 475 Barbas 2005 pp 114 340 Prien et al 2012 p 374 Weal 2007 p 33 Barbas 2005 pp 124 340 341 Barbas 2005 p 341 Prien et al 2012 p 396 Schreier 1990 p 183 Weal 2004 p 92 Barbas 2005 p 286 Zabecki 2014 p 1616 Spick 1996 p 239 a b c Mathews amp Foreman 2014 pp 212 213 Planquadrat a b c Mathews amp Foreman 2014 p 212 Prien et al 2002 p 155 Prien et al 2002 p 156 Prien et al 2003 p 44 a b Prien et al 2003 p 45 Prien et al 2006 p 481 a b c d e f g Prien et al 2006 p 494 Prien et al 2006 p 482 a b c Prien et al 2006 p 487 a b c d e f g h Prien et al 2006 p 495 a b c d e f g h i j Prien et al 2006 p 490 a b c Prien et al 2006 p 496 a b Prien et al 2006 p 497 a b Prien et al 2006 p 491 a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien et al 2006 p 498 a b c Prien et al 2006 p 492 a b c d Mathews amp Foreman 2014 p 213 a b Prien et al 2006 p 499 a b c d e f g h i Prien et al 2012 p 378 Patzwall 2008 p 65 Patzwall amp Scherzer 2001 p 82 Fellgiebel 2000 p 159 Scherzer 2007 p 269 Bibliography edit Barbas Bernd 2005 Die Geschichte der II Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 The History of 2nd Group of Fighter Wing 52 in German ISBN 978 3 923457 71 7 Bergstrom Christer in Swedish Bergstrom Black Cross Red Star website Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat Archived from the original on 22 December 2018 Retrieved 18 August 2021 Fellgiebel Walther Peer in German 2000 1986 Die Trager des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 1945 Die Inhaber der hochsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile The Bearers of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 1945 The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches in German Friedberg Germany Podzun Pallas ISBN 978 3 7909 0284 6 Mathews Andrew Johannes Foreman John 2014 Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims Volume 1 A F Walton on Thames Red Kite ISBN 978 1 906592 18 9 Obermaier Ernst 1989 Die Ritterkreuztrager der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 1945 The Knight s Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 1945 in German Mainz Germany Verlag Dieter Hoffmann ISBN 978 3 87341 065 7 Patzwall Klaus D Scherzer Veit 2001 Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II The German Cross 1941 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 in German Norderstedt Germany Verlag Klaus D Patzwall ISBN 978 3 931533 45 8 Patzwall Klaus D 2008 Der Ehrenpokal fur besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War in German Norderstedt Germany Verlag Klaus D Patzwall ISBN 978 3 931533 08 3 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2002 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 4 II Einsatz am Kanal und uber England 26 6 1940 bis 21 6 1941 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 4 II Action at the Channel and over England 26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 64 9 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2003 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 6 II Unternehmen BARBAROSSA Einsatz im Osten 22 6 bis 5 12 1941 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 6 II Operation BARBAROSSA Action in the East 22 June to 5 December 1941 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 70 0 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2006 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 9 II Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad 1 5 1942 bis 3 2 1943 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 9 II From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad 1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 77 9 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2012 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 12 II Einsatz im Osten 4 2 bis 31 12 1943 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 12 II Action in the East 4 February to 31 December 1943 in German Eutin Germany Buchverlag Rogge ISBN 978 3 942943 05 5 Scherzer Veit 2007 Die Ritterkreuztrager 1939 1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer Luftwaffe Kriegsmarine Waffen SS Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbundeter Streitkrafte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives The Knight s Cross Bearers 1939 1945 The Holders of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army Air Force Navy Waffen SS Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives in German Jena Germany Scherzers Militaer Verlag ISBN 978 3 938845 17 2 Schreier Hans 1990 JG 52 Das erfolgreichste Jagdgeschwader des 2 Weltkriegs JG 52 The Most Successful Fighter Wing of World War II in German Berg am See K Vowinckel ISBN 978 3 921655 66 5 Spick Mike 1996 Luftwaffe Fighter Aces New York Ivy Books ISBN 978 0 8041 1696 1 Weal John 2004 Jagdgeschwader 52 The Experten Aviation Elite Units Vol 15 Oxford UK Osprey Publishing ISBN 978 1 84176 786 4 Weal John 2007 More Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front Aircraft of the Aces Vol 76 Oxford UK Osprey Publishing ISBN 978 1 84603 177 9 Zabecki David T ed 2014 Germany at War 400 Years of Military History Santa Barbara California ABC Clio ISBN 978 1 59884 981 3 Portals nbsp Aviation nbsp Biography nbsp Military of Germany nbsp World War II Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gustav Denk amp oldid 1189435968, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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