Guanlingsaurus is an extinct genus of shastasauridichthyosaur from the Late Triassic of China. It grew up to 8.3 metres (27 ft) in length and has a wide, triangular skull with a short and toothless snout.
It is known from a single species, Guanlingsaurus liangae, that was found in the Carnian-age Falang Formation of Guanling County, which is in the province of Guizhou. The genus and species were first named in 2000 on the basis of an incomplete adult skeleton. More complete skeletons were described in 2011, and a complete skeleton belonging to a juvenile was described in 2013. In 2011 Guanlingsaurus liangae was reassigned to the genus Shastasaurus, which includes two species from North America that are known from more complete fossils than Guanlingsaurus. However, the description of the juvenile specimen in 2013 revealed several features that make G. liangae distinct from Shastasaurus species, and the name was reinstated.[4]
The largest specimen of Guanlingsaurus, YIGMR SPCV03109, measures 8.3 metres (27 ft) long,[5] while the juvenile specimen YIGMR SPCV03108 measures 3.74 metres (12.3 ft) in length.[5] In the largest specimen, YIGMR SPCV03109, the skull takes up 8.3% of the total body length, whereas it forms 9.3% in the juvenile specimen YIGMR SPCV03108. Both adult and juvenile specimens of Guanlingsaurus completely lack teeth and do not even possess a dental groove. The very short snout was highly compressed via a unique arrangement of skull bones. All bones of the snout tapered to abrupt points. In 2011, Sander and colleagues interpreted the nasal bones (paired skull roof bones in the middle part of the skull) as extending to the very tip of the snout, a very unusual configuration for a reptile.[5] However, Ji and colleagues did not find this feature, and found the hyoid bone much shorter than previous estimation, indicating that it was not suitable for suction feeding.[4]
Classificationedit
Below is a cladogram from Fröbisch et al. (2013) showing Guanlingsaurus liangae as a species of Shastasaurus:[6]
^"†Guanlingsaurus Yin et al. 2000 (ichthyosaur)". Paleobiology Database. Fossilworks. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
^Maisch, M. W.; Pan, X. R.; Sun, Z. Y.; Cai, T.; Zhang, D. P.; Xie, J. L. (2006). "Cranial osteology of Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Upper Triassic of China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (3): 588–597. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[588:COOGTR]2.0.CO;2.
^Shang, Q. H.; Li, C. (2009). "On the occurrence of the ichthyosaur Shastasaurus in the Guanling biota (Late Triassic), Guizhou, China" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 47 (3): 178–193.
^ abJi, C.; Jiang, D. Y.; Motani, R.; Hao, W. C.; Sun, Z. Y.; Cai, T. (2013). "A new juvenile specimen of Guanlingsaurus (Ichthyosauria, Shastasauridae) from the Upper Triassic of southwestern China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2): 340. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.723082. S2CID 83784699.
^ abcSander P, Chen X, Cheng L, Wang X (2011). Claessens L (ed.). "Short-Snouted Toothless Ichthyosaur from China Suggests Late Triassic Diversification of Suction Feeding Ichthyosaurs". PLOS ONE. 6 (5): e19480. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...619480S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019480. PMC3100301. PMID 21625429.
^Fröbisch, N. B.; Fröbisch, J. R.; Sander, P. M.; Schmitz, L.; Rieppel, O. (2013). "Macropredatory ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the origin of modern trophic networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (4): 1393–1397. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110.1393F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1216750110. PMC3557033. PMID 23297200.
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guanlingsaurus, extinct, genus, shastasaurid, ichthyosaur, from, late, triassic, china, grew, metres, length, wide, triangular, skull, with, short, toothless, snout, temporal, range, late, triassic, preꞒ, juvenile, specimen, ygmir, spcv03108, scientific, class. Guanlingsaurus is an extinct genus of shastasaurid ichthyosaur from the Late Triassic of China It grew up to 8 3 metres 27 ft in length and has a wide triangular skull with a short and toothless snout GuanlingsaurusTemporal range Late Triassic 235 0 227 Ma 1 PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Juvenile specimen YGMIR SPCV03108 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Reptilia Order Ichthyosauria Suborder Longipinnati Node Merriamosauria Family Shastasauridae Genus GuanlingsaurusYin et al 2000 Type species Guanlingsaurus liangaeYin et al 2000 Synonyms Typicusichthyosaurus tsaihuae Yin et al 2000 2 3 Contents 1 Discovery 2 Description 3 Classification 4 ReferencesDiscovery edit nbsp Skull of specimen YGMIR SPCV03108 It is known from a single species Guanlingsaurus liangae that was found in the Carnian age Falang Formation of Guanling County which is in the province of Guizhou The genus and species were first named in 2000 on the basis of an incomplete adult skeleton More complete skeletons were described in 2011 and a complete skeleton belonging to a juvenile was described in 2013 In 2011 Guanlingsaurus liangae was reassigned to the genus Shastasaurus which includes two species from North America that are known from more complete fossils than Guanlingsaurus However the description of the juvenile specimen in 2013 revealed several features that make G liangae distinct from Shastasaurus species and the name was reinstated 4 Description edit nbsp Life restoration nbsp Skull of specimen YGMIR SPCV03107 The largest specimen of Guanlingsaurus YIGMR SPCV03109 measures 8 3 metres 27 ft long 5 while the juvenile specimen YIGMR SPCV03108 measures 3 74 metres 12 3 ft in length 5 In the largest specimen YIGMR SPCV03109 the skull takes up 8 3 of the total body length whereas it forms 9 3 in the juvenile specimen YIGMR SPCV03108 Both adult and juvenile specimens of Guanlingsaurus completely lack teeth and do not even possess a dental groove The very short snout was highly compressed via a unique arrangement of skull bones All bones of the snout tapered to abrupt points In 2011 Sander and colleagues interpreted the nasal bones paired skull roof bones in the middle part of the skull as extending to the very tip of the snout a very unusual configuration for a reptile 5 However Ji and colleagues did not find this feature and found the hyoid bone much shorter than previous estimation indicating that it was not suitable for suction feeding 4 Classification editBelow is a cladogram from Frobisch et al 2013 showing Guanlingsaurus liangae as a species of Shastasaurus 6 Ichthyopterygia Parvinatator Utatsusaurus Grippia Chaohusaurus Ichthyosauria Mixosaurus cornalianus Phalarodon atavus Phalarodon fraasi Cymbospondylus buchseri Cymbospondylus piscosus Californosaurus Toretocnemus Besanosaurus Thalattoarchon saurophagis Shonisaurus popularis Shastasaurus sikanniensis Shastasaurus pacificus Shastasaurus liangae Guizhouichthyosaurus Callawayia Hudsonelpidia Suevoleviathan continued References edit nbsp Palaeontology portal Guanlingsaurus Yin et al 2000 ichthyosaur Paleobiology Database Fossilworks Retrieved 17 December 2021 Maisch M W Pan X R Sun Z Y Cai T Zhang D P Xie J L 2006 Cranial osteology of Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae Reptilia Ichthyosauria from the Upper Triassic of China Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 3 588 597 doi 10 1671 0272 4634 2006 26 588 COOGTR 2 0 CO 2 Shang Q H Li C 2009 On the occurrence of the ichthyosaur Shastasaurus in the Guanling biota Late Triassic Guizhou China PDF Vertebrata PalAsiatica 47 3 178 193 a b Ji C Jiang D Y Motani R Hao W C Sun Z Y Cai T 2013 A new juvenile specimen of Guanlingsaurus Ichthyosauria Shastasauridae from the Upper Triassic of southwestern China Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33 2 340 doi 10 1080 02724634 2013 723082 S2CID 83784699 a b c Sander P Chen X Cheng L Wang X 2011 Claessens L ed Short Snouted Toothless Ichthyosaur from China Suggests Late Triassic Diversification of Suction Feeding Ichthyosaurs PLOS ONE 6 5 e19480 Bibcode 2011PLoSO 619480S doi 10 1371 journal pone 0019480 PMC 3100301 PMID 21625429 Frobisch N B Frobisch J R Sander P M Schmitz L Rieppel O 2013 Macropredatory ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic and the origin of modern trophic networks Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 4 1393 1397 Bibcode 2013PNAS 110 1393F doi 10 1073 pnas 1216750110 PMC 3557033 PMID 23297200 nbsp This Ichthyosaur related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Guanlingsaurus amp oldid 1219576060, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
