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Gross national income

November 15, 2023

Not to be confused with Gross domestic product or Modified gross national income (GNI*).
"GNP" redirects here. For other uses, see GNP (disambiguation).

The gross national income (GNI), previously known as gross national product (GNP), is the total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country, consisting of gross domestic product (GDP), plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents, minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents.[2]: 44  Comparing GNI to GDP shows the degree to which a nation's GDP represents domestic or international activity. GNI has gradually replaced GNP in international statistics.[3][4] While being conceptually identical, it is calculated differently.[5] GNI is the basis of calculation of the largest part of contributions to the budget of the European Union.[6] In February 2017, Ireland's GDP became so distorted from the base erosion and profit shifting ("BEPS") tax planning tools of U.S. multinationals, that the Central Bank of Ireland replaced Irish GDP with a new metric, Irish Modified GNI (or "GNI*"). In 2017, Irish GDP was 162% of Irish Modified GNI.[7]

World Bank's income groups as of 2021[1]

Comparison of GNI and GDP edit

 

Comparison of GNI (Atlas method), GNI and GDP
2018 World Bank (millions of current US$)
No. Country GNI (Atlas method)[8] GNI[9] GDP[10]
value (a) a - GDP value (b) b - GDP
1   United States 20,636,317 91,974 20,837,347 293,004 20,544,343
2   China 13,181,372 -426,779 13,556,853 -51,298 13,608,151
3   Japan 5,226,599 255,276 5,155,423 184,100 4,971,323
4   Germany 3,905,321 -42,299 4,058,030 110,410 3,947,620
5   France 2,855,844 -45,685 2,832,584 43,684 2,804,484
6   United Kingdom 2,777,405 -77,891 2,816,805 -38,491 2,855,296
7   India 2,727,893 9,161 2,691,040 -27,692 2,718,732
8   Italy 2,038,376 -45,488 2,106,525 22,661 2,083,864
9   Brazil 1,902,286 16,804 1,832,170 -53,312 1,885,482
10   Canada 1,665,565 -47,776 1,694,054 -19,287 1,713,341

GNI (Atlas method) nominal edit

Nominal, Atlas method – millions of current US$ (top 15)[3]

Rank 2021 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
1   United States 23,393,117   United States 17,611,491   United States 17,001,290   United States 16,501,016   United States 15,727,291   United States 15,143,137   United States 14,740,580   United States 15,002,428   United States 14,651,211   United States 14,345,565
2   China 17,576,648   China 10,096,966   China 9,110,333   China 7,934,721   China 6,726,270   China 5,752,320   China 4,856,999   Japan 4,835,553   Japan 4,812,119   Japan 4,931,413
3   Japan 5,124,619   Japan 5,339,076   Japan 5,899,905   Japan 6,101,579   Japan 5,775,633   Japan 5,376,601   Japan 4,797,984   China 4,070,860   Germany 3,348,291   Germany 3,160,529
4   Germany 4,350,736   Germany 3,853,623   Germany 3,809,927   Germany 3,754,154   Germany 3,801,607   Germany 3,662,524   Germany 3,588,452   Germany 3,601,765   China 3,283,519   China 2,685,206
5   France 3,188,855   France 2,844,284   France 2,869,883   France 2,824,713   France 2,889,304   France 2,847,703   France 2,831,553   United Kingdom 2,904,224   United Kingdom 2,835,805   United Kingdom 2,645,489
6   United Kingdom 3,170,239   United Kingdom 2,801,499   United Kingdom 2,695,974   United Kingdom 2,612,525   United Kingdom 2,542,593   United Kingdom 2,540,957   United Kingdom 2,666,939   France 2,800,864   France 2,576,642   France 2,414,820
7   India 3,123,967   Brazil 2,429,720   Brazil 2,486,874   Brazil 2,432,061   Italy 2,237,958   Italy 2,234,508   Italy 2,227,358   Italy 2,222,143   Italy 2,093,640   Italy 1,989,288
8   Italy 2,125,095   Italy 2,147,247   Italy 2,130,760   Italy 2,143,583   Brazil 2,207,921   Brazil 1,916,260   Brazil 1,572,431   Spain 1,490,975   Canada 1,356,017   Spain 1,241,641
9   Canada 1,975,687   India 2,027,964   Russia 1,981,791   India 1,892,548   India 1,755,712   India 1,555,615   Spain 1,519,339   Canada 1,484,345   Spain 1,353,031   Canada 1,224,994
10   South Korea 1,820,500   Russia 1,930,634   India 1,952,847   Russia 1,823,299   Canada 1,617,083   Canada 1,511,465   Canada 1,447,937   Brazil 1,427,429   Brazil 1,152,772   South Korea 966,585
11   Russia 1,732,532   Canada 1,785,099   Canada 1,848,274   Canada 1,773,264   Russia 1,547,010   Spain 1,496,363   India 1,392,779   Russia 1,368,593   India 1,117,463   India 941,326
12   Brazil 1,558,511   Australia 1,444,201   Australia 1,514,269   Spain 1,396,221   Spain 1,455,758   Russia 1,425,123   Russia 1,318,495   India 1,229,139   South Korea 1,091,726   Mexico 921,879
13   Australia 1,528,228   Spain 1,366,027   Spain 1,376,929   Australia 1,359,417   South Korea 1,125,787   South Korea 1,053,302   South Korea 1,037,381   South Korea 1,118,647   Russia 1,079,991   Brazil 898,063
14   Spain 1,432,586   South Korea 1,365,797   South Korea 1,298,958   South Korea 1,232,164   Australia 1,119,902   Mexico 1,026,316   Mexico 988,663   Mexico 1,074,555   Mexico 1,000,700   Russia 830,146
15   Mexico 1,260,700   Mexico 1,237,533   Mexico 1,202,800   Mexico 1,167,292   Mexico 1,068,140   Australia 1,025,186   Australia 954,754   Australia 900,062   Netherlands 809,106   Netherlands 753,205

GNI (Atlas method) PPP edit

PPP – millions of international dollars (top 15)[4]

Rank 2021 2016 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
1   China 27,070,110   China 21,366,057   China 17,966,893   United States 17,091,162   United States 16,596,084   United States 15,802,898   United States 15,121,133   United States 14,494,460   United States 14,791,194   United States 14,585,723   United States 14,140,770
2   United States 23,393,117   United States 18,749,688   United States 17,823,200   China 16,418,959   China 15,112,256   China 13,680,536   China 12,305,378   China 11,017,654   China 10,090,052   China 8,991,462   China 7,637,790
3   India 10,059,402   India 8,594,226   India 7,292,778   India 6,699,996   India 6,179,567   India 5,794,517   India 5,314,158   India 4,783,856   Japan 4,433,212   Japan 4,408,333   Japan 4,180,595
4   Japan 5,601,433   Japan 5,443,842   Japan 4,846,688   Japan 4,844,841   Japan 4,700,740   Japan 4,522,723   Japan 4,437,371   Japan 4,192,471   India 4,376,743   India 4,138,987   India 3,658,435
5   Germany 4,961,000   Germany 4,394,786   Germany 4,243,163   Germany 4,097,775   Germany 3,890,009   Germany 3,634,151   Germany 3,505,460   Germany 3,407,922   Germany 3,286,644   Germany 3,170,077   Germany 3,006,891
6   Russia 4,668,845   Brazil 4,175,469   Brazil 3,809,390   Brazil 3,651,266   Brazil 3,474,015   Brazil 3,293,559   Brazil 3,157,522   Brazil 2,953,733   Brazil 2,836,486   Brazil 2,724,769   Brazil 2,603,694
7   France 3,499,765   Russia 3,305,725   Russia 3,237,388   Russia 3,108,506   Russia 3,254,184   Russia 3,124,400   Russia 2,837,672   Russia 2,678,150   Russia 2,597,648   United Kingdom 2,325,258   United Kingdom 2,270,766
8   Indonesia 3,471,169   Indonesia 2,929,424   France 2,655,517   France 2,625,346   France 2,494,655   France 2,495,100   France 2,381,563   France 2,291,855   United Kingdom 2,343,012   Russia 2,288,657   France 2,094,160
9   Brazil 3,328,105   France 2,835,242   Indonesia 2,592,315   United Kingdom 2,483,802   United Kingdom 2,394,758   United Kingdom 2,343,934   United Kingdom 2,281,280   United Kingdom 2,272,667   France 2,310,555   France 2,224,097   Russia 2,071,669
10   United Kingdom 3,327,025   United Kingdom 2,763,382   United Kingdom 2,550,078   Indonesia 2,436,810   Indonesia 2,275,802   Italy 2,124,755   Italy 2,054,019   Italy 2,016,501   Italy 2,050,607   Italy 1,971,909   Italy 1,865,144
11   Italy 2,745,846   Italy 2,316,529   Italy 2,155,153   Italy 2,148,502   Italy 2,134,839   Indonesia 2,106,961   Indonesia 1,949,021   Indonesia 1,798,541   Indonesia 1,705,066   Indonesia 1,568,263   Indonesia 1,434,248
12   Turkey 2,553,209   Mexico 2,262,919   Mexico 2,111,206   Mexico 1,939,753   Mexico 1,941,682   Mexico 1,859,264   Mexico 1,710,132   Mexico 1,597,656   Mexico 1,611,372   Mexico 1,516,236   Mexico 1,432,295
13   Mexico 2,544,720   Turkey 1,907,486   South Korea 1,696,955   South Korea 1,652,081   South Korea 1,627,812   South Korea 1,568,631   South Korea 1,506,812   Spain 1,492,658   Spain 1,508,412   Spain 1,447,718   Spain 1,346,277
14   South Korea 2,457,443   South Korea 1,833,914   Canada 1,576,495   Saudi Arabia 1,549,822   Spain 1,497,167   Spain 1,494,181   Spain 1,486,687   South Korea 1,393,108   South Korea 1,405,612   South Korea 1,350,407   South Korea 1,246,382
15   Canada 1,976,965   Saudi Arabia 1,799,740   Spain 1,556,600   Canada 1,535,440   Saudi Arabia 1,488,100   Canada 1,401,447   Canada 1,336,646   Canada 1,279,702   Canada 1,313,134   Canada 1,271,027   Canada 1,212,200

Gross national product edit

Gross national product (GNP) is the market value of all the goods and services produced in one year by labor and property supplied by the citizens of a country. Unlike gross domestic product (GDP), which defines production based on the geographical location of production, GNP indicates allocated production based on location of ownership. In fact it calculates income by the location of ownership and residence, and so its name is also the less ambiguous gross national income.

GNP is an economic statistic that is equal to GDP plus any income earned by residents from overseas investments minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents.

GNP does not distinguish between qualitative improvements in the state of the technical arts (e.g., increasing computer processing speeds), and quantitative increases in goods (e.g., number of computers produced), and considers both to be forms of "economic growth".[11]

When a country's capital or labour resources are employed outside its borders, or when a foreign firm is operating in its territory, GDP and GNP can produce different measures of total output. In 2009 for instance, the United States estimated its GDP at $14.119 trillion, and its GNP at $14.265 trillion.[12]

The term gross national income (GNI) has gradually replaced the Gross national product (GNP) in international statistics.[3][4] While being conceptually identical, the precise calculation method has evolved at the same time as the name change.[5]

Use of GNP edit

The United States used GNP as its primary measure of total economic activity until 1991, when it began to use GDP.[13] In making the switch, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) noted both that GDP provided an easier comparison of other measures of economic activity in the United States and that "virtually all other countries have already adopted GDP as their primary measure of production".[14] Many economists have questioned how meaningful GNP or GDP is as a measure of a nation's economic well-being, as it does not count most unpaid work and counts much economic activity that is unproductive or actually destructive.[15]

GNI vs GDP edit

While GDP measures the market value of all final goods and services produced in a given country, GNI measures income generated by the country's citizens, regardless of the geographic location of the income. In many states, those two figures are close, as the difference between income received by the country versus payments made to the rest of the world is not significant. According to the World Bank, the GNI of the US in 2016 was 1.5% higher than GDP.[16]

In developing countries, on the other hand, the difference might be significant due to a large amount of foreign aid and capital inflow. In 2016, the GNI[17] of Armenia was 4.45% higher than GDP.[18] Based on the OECD reports, in 2015 alone, Armenia has received a total of US$409 million development assistance. Over the past 25 years, USAID has provided more than one billion USD to improve the living of the people in Armenia. GNI equals GDP plus wages, salaries, and property income of the country's residents earned abroad that also constitutes the higher GNI figure. According to the UN report on migration from Armenia in 2015–17, every year around 15–20 thousand people leave Armenia permanently,[19] and roughly 47% of those are working migrants that leave the country to earn income and sustain the families left in Armenia. In 2016 Armenian residents received in a total of around $150 million remittances.[20] Armenia's GNI, measured in US dollars, amounted to USD 13.5 billion in 2021, according to the National Statistical Office. This is an 8.23% increase over the prior year. GNI in USD terms in Armenia has historically ranged from a record high of USD 13.8 billion in 2019 to a record low of USD 1.06 billion in 1992. Regarding interest rates on GNI expressed in USD, Armenia is ranked 119th out of the 155 nations we monitor.[21]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "World Bank's Income Groups". Our World in Data. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  2. ^ Todaro, Michael P.; Smith, Stephen C. (2012). Economic development (11 ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-13-801388-2.
  3. ^ a b c World Bank. "GNI, Atlas method". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  4. ^ a b c World Bank. "GNI, PPP (international $)". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
  5. ^ a b "Glossary:Gross national income (GNI)". Eurostat Statistic Explained. Eurostat. Retrieved 2016-06-23.
  6. ^ "Monitoring GNI for own resource purposes". Eurostat Statistic Explained. Eurostat. Retrieved 2016-06-23.
  7. ^ Heike Joebges (January 2017). "CRISIS RECOVERY IN A COUNTRY WITH A HIGH PRESENCE OF FOREIGN-OWNED COMPANIES: The Case of Ireland" (PDF). IMK Macroeconomic Policy Institute, Hans-Böckler-Stiftung.
  8. ^ "GNI, Atlas method (current US$)". World Bank.
  9. ^ "GNI (current US$)". World Bank.
  10. ^ "GDP (current US$)". World Bank.
  11. ^ Daly, Herman E. (1996), Beyond Growth. Beacon Press
  12. ^ (PDF). Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 17 September 2010. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 December 2010. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  13. ^ . Bureau of Economic Analysis. 5 September 2007. Archived from the original on June 4, 2007.
  14. ^ "Gross Domestic Product as a Measure of U.S. Production" (PDF). August 1991.
  15. ^ "Beyond GDP". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2016-07-27.
  16. ^ "BEA: The World Bank - US figures". the World Bank. 2017.
  17. ^ "BEA: Armenia GNP". Macrotrends. 2019.
  18. ^ "BEA: Armenia GDP". Macrotrends. 2019.
  19. ^ "BEA: Migration Rate and Associated Issues in Armenia in 2016–2017". UN Armenia. 2017.
  20. ^ "BEA: Inflow of Remittances by Balance of Payments". Central Bank of Armenia. 2019.
  21. ^ "GNI (Current USD) in Armenia".

November 15, 2023
gross, national, income, confused, with, gross, domestic, product, modified, gross, national, income, redirects, here, other, uses, disambiguation, gross, national, income, previously, known, gross, national, product, total, domestic, foreign, output, claimed,. Not to be confused with Gross domestic product or Modified gross national income GNI GNP redirects here For other uses see GNP disambiguation The gross national income GNI previously known as gross national product GNP is the total domestic and foreign output claimed by residents of a country consisting of gross domestic product GDP plus factor incomes earned by foreign residents minus income earned in the domestic economy by nonresidents 2 44 Comparing GNI to GDP shows the degree to which a nation s GDP represents domestic or international activity GNI has gradually replaced GNP in international statistics 3 4 While being conceptually identical it is calculated differently 5 GNI is the basis of calculation of the largest part of contributions to the budget of the European Union 6 In February 2017 Ireland s GDP became so distorted from the base erosion and profit shifting BEPS tax planning tools of U S multinationals that the Central Bank of Ireland replaced Irish GDP with a new metric Irish Modified GNI or GNI In 2017 Irish GDP was 162 of Irish Modified GNI 7 World Bank s income groups as of 2021 1 Contents 1 Comparison of GNI and GDP 2 GNI Atlas method nominal 3 GNI Atlas method PPP 4 Gross national product 4 1 Use of GNP 4 2 GNI vs GDP 5 See also 6 ReferencesComparison of GNI and GDP editG N I G D P Money flowing from foreign countries Money flowing to foreign countries displaystyle mathrm GNI mathrm GDP text Money flowing from foreign countries text Money flowing to foreign countries nbsp Comparison of GNI Atlas method GNI and GDP2018 World Bank millions of current US No Country GNI Atlas method 8 GNI 9 GDP 10 value a a GDP value b b GDP1 nbsp United States 20 636 317 91 974 20 837 347 293 004 20 544 3432 nbsp China 13 181 372 426 779 13 556 853 51 298 13 608 1513 nbsp Japan 5 226 599 255 276 5 155 423 184 100 4 971 3234 nbsp Germany 3 905 321 42 299 4 058 030 110 410 3 947 6205 nbsp France 2 855 844 45 685 2 832 584 43 684 2 804 4846 nbsp United Kingdom 2 777 405 77 891 2 816 805 38 491 2 855 2967 nbsp India 2 727 893 9 161 2 691 040 27 692 2 718 7328 nbsp Italy 2 038 376 45 488 2 106 525 22 661 2 083 8649 nbsp Brazil 1 902 286 16 804 1 832 170 53 312 1 885 48210 nbsp Canada 1 665 565 47 776 1 694 054 19 287 1 713 341GNI Atlas method nominal editNominal Atlas method millions of current US top 15 3 Rank 2021 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 20061 nbsp United States 23 393 117 nbsp United States 17 611 491 nbsp United States 17 001 290 nbsp United States 16 501 016 nbsp United States 15 727 291 nbsp United States 15 143 137 nbsp United States 14 740 580 nbsp United States 15 002 428 nbsp United States 14 651 211 nbsp United States 14 345 5652 nbsp China 17 576 648 nbsp China 10 096 966 nbsp China 9 110 333 nbsp China 7 934 721 nbsp China 6 726 270 nbsp China 5 752 320 nbsp China 4 856 999 nbsp Japan 4 835 553 nbsp Japan 4 812 119 nbsp Japan 4 931 4133 nbsp Japan 5 124 619 nbsp Japan 5 339 076 nbsp Japan 5 899 905 nbsp Japan 6 101 579 nbsp Japan 5 775 633 nbsp Japan 5 376 601 nbsp Japan 4 797 984 nbsp China 4 070 860 nbsp Germany 3 348 291 nbsp Germany 3 160 5294 nbsp Germany 4 350 736 nbsp Germany 3 853 623 nbsp Germany 3 809 927 nbsp Germany 3 754 154 nbsp Germany 3 801 607 nbsp Germany 3 662 524 nbsp Germany 3 588 452 nbsp Germany 3 601 765 nbsp China 3 283 519 nbsp China 2 685 2065 nbsp France 3 188 855 nbsp France 2 844 284 nbsp France 2 869 883 nbsp France 2 824 713 nbsp France 2 889 304 nbsp France 2 847 703 nbsp France 2 831 553 nbsp United Kingdom 2 904 224 nbsp United Kingdom 2 835 805 nbsp United Kingdom 2 645 4896 nbsp United Kingdom 3 170 239 nbsp United Kingdom 2 801 499 nbsp United Kingdom 2 695 974 nbsp United Kingdom 2 612 525 nbsp United Kingdom 2 542 593 nbsp United Kingdom 2 540 957 nbsp United Kingdom 2 666 939 nbsp France 2 800 864 nbsp France 2 576 642 nbsp France 2 414 8207 nbsp India 3 123 967 nbsp Brazil 2 429 720 nbsp Brazil 2 486 874 nbsp Brazil 2 432 061 nbsp Italy 2 237 958 nbsp Italy 2 234 508 nbsp Italy 2 227 358 nbsp Italy 2 222 143 nbsp Italy 2 093 640 nbsp Italy 1 989 2888 nbsp Italy 2 125 095 nbsp Italy 2 147 247 nbsp Italy 2 130 760 nbsp Italy 2 143 583 nbsp Brazil 2 207 921 nbsp Brazil 1 916 260 nbsp Brazil 1 572 431 nbsp Spain 1 490 975 nbsp Canada 1 356 017 nbsp Spain 1 241 6419 nbsp Canada 1 975 687 nbsp India 2 027 964 nbsp Russia 1 981 791 nbsp India 1 892 548 nbsp India 1 755 712 nbsp India 1 555 615 nbsp Spain 1 519 339 nbsp Canada 1 484 345 nbsp Spain 1 353 031 nbsp Canada 1 224 99410 nbsp South Korea 1 820 500 nbsp Russia 1 930 634 nbsp India 1 952 847 nbsp Russia 1 823 299 nbsp Canada 1 617 083 nbsp Canada 1 511 465 nbsp Canada 1 447 937 nbsp Brazil 1 427 429 nbsp Brazil 1 152 772 nbsp South Korea 966 58511 nbsp Russia 1 732 532 nbsp Canada 1 785 099 nbsp Canada 1 848 274 nbsp Canada 1 773 264 nbsp Russia 1 547 010 nbsp Spain 1 496 363 nbsp India 1 392 779 nbsp Russia 1 368 593 nbsp India 1 117 463 nbsp India 941 32612 nbsp Brazil 1 558 511 nbsp Australia 1 444 201 nbsp Australia 1 514 269 nbsp Spain 1 396 221 nbsp Spain 1 455 758 nbsp Russia 1 425 123 nbsp Russia 1 318 495 nbsp India 1 229 139 nbsp South Korea 1 091 726 nbsp Mexico 921 87913 nbsp Australia 1 528 228 nbsp Spain 1 366 027 nbsp Spain 1 376 929 nbsp Australia 1 359 417 nbsp South Korea 1 125 787 nbsp South Korea 1 053 302 nbsp South Korea 1 037 381 nbsp South Korea 1 118 647 nbsp Russia 1 079 991 nbsp Brazil 898 06314 nbsp Spain 1 432 586 nbsp South Korea 1 365 797 nbsp South Korea 1 298 958 nbsp South Korea 1 232 164 nbsp Australia 1 119 902 nbsp Mexico 1 026 316 nbsp Mexico 988 663 nbsp Mexico 1 074 555 nbsp Mexico 1 000 700 nbsp Russia 830 14615 nbsp Mexico 1 260 700 nbsp Mexico 1 237 533 nbsp Mexico 1 202 800 nbsp Mexico 1 167 292 nbsp Mexico 1 068 140 nbsp Australia 1 025 186 nbsp Australia 954 754 nbsp Australia 900 062 nbsp Netherlands 809 106 nbsp Netherlands 753 205GNI Atlas method PPP editPPP millions of international dollars top 15 4 Rank 2021 2016 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 20061 nbsp China 27 070 110 nbsp China 21 366 057 nbsp China 17 966 893 nbsp United States 17 091 162 nbsp United States 16 596 084 nbsp United States 15 802 898 nbsp United States 15 121 133 nbsp United States 14 494 460 nbsp United States 14 791 194 nbsp United States 14 585 723 nbsp United States 14 140 7702 nbsp United States 23 393 117 nbsp United States 18 749 688 nbsp United States 17 823 200 nbsp China 16 418 959 nbsp China 15 112 256 nbsp China 13 680 536 nbsp China 12 305 378 nbsp China 11 017 654 nbsp China 10 090 052 nbsp China 8 991 462 nbsp China 7 637 7903 nbsp India 10 059 402 nbsp India 8 594 226 nbsp India 7 292 778 nbsp India 6 699 996 nbsp India 6 179 567 nbsp India 5 794 517 nbsp India 5 314 158 nbsp India 4 783 856 nbsp Japan 4 433 212 nbsp Japan 4 408 333 nbsp Japan 4 180 5954 nbsp Japan 5 601 433 nbsp Japan 5 443 842 nbsp Japan 4 846 688 nbsp Japan 4 844 841 nbsp Japan 4 700 740 nbsp Japan 4 522 723 nbsp Japan 4 437 371 nbsp Japan 4 192 471 nbsp India 4 376 743 nbsp India 4 138 987 nbsp India 3 658 4355 nbsp Germany 4 961 000 nbsp Germany 4 394 786 nbsp Germany 4 243 163 nbsp Germany 4 097 775 nbsp Germany 3 890 009 nbsp Germany 3 634 151 nbsp Germany 3 505 460 nbsp Germany 3 407 922 nbsp Germany 3 286 644 nbsp Germany 3 170 077 nbsp Germany 3 006 8916 nbsp Russia 4 668 845 nbsp Brazil 4 175 469 nbsp Brazil 3 809 390 nbsp Brazil 3 651 266 nbsp Brazil 3 474 015 nbsp Brazil 3 293 559 nbsp Brazil 3 157 522 nbsp Brazil 2 953 733 nbsp Brazil 2 836 486 nbsp Brazil 2 724 769 nbsp Brazil 2 603 6947 nbsp France 3 499 765 nbsp Russia 3 305 725 nbsp Russia 3 237 388 nbsp Russia 3 108 506 nbsp Russia 3 254 184 nbsp Russia 3 124 400 nbsp Russia 2 837 672 nbsp Russia 2 678 150 nbsp Russia 2 597 648 nbsp United Kingdom 2 325 258 nbsp United Kingdom 2 270 7668 nbsp Indonesia 3 471 169 nbsp Indonesia 2 929 424 nbsp France 2 655 517 nbsp France 2 625 346 nbsp France 2 494 655 nbsp France 2 495 100 nbsp France 2 381 563 nbsp France 2 291 855 nbsp United Kingdom 2 343 012 nbsp Russia 2 288 657 nbsp France 2 094 1609 nbsp Brazil 3 328 105 nbsp France 2 835 242 nbsp Indonesia 2 592 315 nbsp United Kingdom 2 483 802 nbsp United Kingdom 2 394 758 nbsp United Kingdom 2 343 934 nbsp United Kingdom 2 281 280 nbsp United Kingdom 2 272 667 nbsp France 2 310 555 nbsp France 2 224 097 nbsp Russia 2 071 66910 nbsp United Kingdom 3 327 025 nbsp United Kingdom 2 763 382 nbsp United Kingdom 2 550 078 nbsp Indonesia 2 436 810 nbsp Indonesia 2 275 802 nbsp Italy 2 124 755 nbsp Italy 2 054 019 nbsp Italy 2 016 501 nbsp Italy 2 050 607 nbsp Italy 1 971 909 nbsp Italy 1 865 14411 nbsp Italy 2 745 846 nbsp Italy 2 316 529 nbsp Italy 2 155 153 nbsp Italy 2 148 502 nbsp Italy 2 134 839 nbsp Indonesia 2 106 961 nbsp Indonesia 1 949 021 nbsp Indonesia 1 798 541 nbsp Indonesia 1 705 066 nbsp Indonesia 1 568 263 nbsp Indonesia 1 434 24812 nbsp Turkey 2 553 209 nbsp Mexico 2 262 919 nbsp Mexico 2 111 206 nbsp Mexico 1 939 753 nbsp Mexico 1 941 682 nbsp Mexico 1 859 264 nbsp Mexico 1 710 132 nbsp Mexico 1 597 656 nbsp Mexico 1 611 372 nbsp Mexico 1 516 236 nbsp Mexico 1 432 29513 nbsp Mexico 2 544 720 nbsp Turkey 1 907 486 nbsp South Korea 1 696 955 nbsp South Korea 1 652 081 nbsp South Korea 1 627 812 nbsp South Korea 1 568 631 nbsp South Korea 1 506 812 nbsp Spain 1 492 658 nbsp Spain 1 508 412 nbsp Spain 1 447 718 nbsp Spain 1 346 27714 nbsp South Korea 2 457 443 nbsp South Korea 1 833 914 nbsp Canada 1 576 495 nbsp Saudi Arabia 1 549 822 nbsp Spain 1 497 167 nbsp Spain 1 494 181 nbsp Spain 1 486 687 nbsp South Korea 1 393 108 nbsp South Korea 1 405 612 nbsp South Korea 1 350 407 nbsp South Korea 1 246 38215 nbsp Canada 1 976 965 nbsp Saudi Arabia 1 799 740 nbsp Spain 1 556 600 nbsp Canada 1 535 440 nbsp Saudi Arabia 1 488 100 nbsp Canada 1 401 447 nbsp Canada 1 336 646 nbsp Canada 1 279 702 nbsp Canada 1 313 134 nbsp Canada 1 271 027 nbsp Canada 1 212 200Gross national product editGross national product GNP is the market value of all the goods and services produced in one year by labor and property supplied by the citizens of a country Unlike gross domestic product GDP which defines production based on the geographical location of production GNP indicates allocated production based on location of ownership In fact it calculates income by the location of ownership and residence and so its name is also the less ambiguous gross national income GNP is an economic statistic that is equal to GDP plus any income earned by residents from overseas investments minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents GNP does not distinguish between qualitative improvements in the state of the technical arts e g increasing computer processing speeds and quantitative increases in goods e g number of computers produced and considers both to be forms of economic growth 11 When a country s capital or labour resources are employed outside its borders or when a foreign firm is operating in its territory GDP and GNP can produce different measures of total output In 2009 for instance the United States estimated its GDP at 14 119 trillion and its GNP at 14 265 trillion 12 The term gross national income GNI has gradually replaced the Gross national product GNP in international statistics 3 4 While being conceptually identical the precise calculation method has evolved at the same time as the name change 5 Use of GNP edit The United States used GNP as its primary measure of total economic activity until 1991 when it began to use GDP 13 In making the switch the Bureau of Economic Analysis BEA noted both that GDP provided an easier comparison of other measures of economic activity in the United States and that virtually all other countries have already adopted GDP as their primary measure of production 14 Many economists have questioned how meaningful GNP or GDP is as a measure of a nation s economic well being as it does not count most unpaid work and counts much economic activity that is unproductive or actually destructive 15 GNI vs GDP edit While GDP measures the market value of all final goods and services produced in a given country GNI measures income generated by the country s citizens regardless of the geographic location of the income In many states those two figures are close as the difference between income received by the country versus payments made to the rest of the world is not significant According to the World Bank the GNI of the US in 2016 was 1 5 higher than GDP 16 In developing countries on the other hand the difference might be significant due to a large amount of foreign aid and capital inflow In 2016 the GNI 17 of Armenia was 4 45 higher than GDP 18 Based on the OECD reports in 2015 alone Armenia has received a total of US 409 million development assistance Over the past 25 years USAID has provided more than one billion USD to improve the living of the people in Armenia GNI equals GDP plus wages salaries and property income of the country s residents earned abroad that also constitutes the higher GNI figure According to the UN report on migration from Armenia in 2015 17 every year around 15 20 thousand people leave Armenia permanently 19 and roughly 47 of those are working migrants that leave the country to earn income and sustain the families left in Armenia In 2016 Armenian residents received in a total of around 150 million remittances 20 Armenia s GNI measured in US dollars amounted to USD 13 5 billion in 2021 according to the National Statistical Office This is an 8 23 increase over the prior year GNI in USD terms in Armenia has historically ranged from a record high of USD 13 8 billion in 2019 to a record low of USD 1 06 billion in 1992 Regarding interest rates on GNI expressed in USD Armenia is ranked 119th out of the 155 nations we monitor 21 See also editNet national income Measures of national income and output Gross national income in the European Union Gross world product List of countries by GNI nominal per capita National average salary Gross domestic product GDP Irish modified GNI or GNI List of U S states by adjusted per capita personal incomeReferences edit World Bank s Income Groups Our World in Data Retrieved 5 March 2020 Todaro Michael P Smith Stephen C 2012 Economic development 11 ed Addison Wesley ISBN 978 0 13 801388 2 a b c World Bank GNI Atlas method data worldbank org Retrieved 2022 10 23 a b c World Bank GNI PPP international data worldbank org Retrieved 2022 10 23 a b Glossary Gross national income GNI Eurostat Statistic Explained Eurostat Retrieved 2016 06 23 Monitoring GNI for own resource purposes Eurostat Statistic Explained Eurostat Retrieved 2016 06 23 Heike Joebges January 2017 CRISIS RECOVERY IN A COUNTRY WITH A HIGH PRESENCE OF FOREIGN OWNED COMPANIES The Case of Ireland PDF IMK Macroeconomic Policy Institute Hans Bockler Stiftung GNI Atlas method current US World Bank GNI current US World Bank GDP current US World Bank Daly Herman E 1996 Beyond Growth Beacon Press Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States PDF Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System 17 September 2010 p 9 Archived from the original PDF on 8 December 2010 Retrieved 23 August 2018 BEA Glossary G Bureau of Economic Analysis 5 September 2007 Archived from the original on June 4 2007 Gross Domestic Product as a Measure of U S Production PDF August 1991 Beyond GDP The Economist ISSN 0013 0613 Retrieved 2016 07 27 BEA The World Bank US figures the World Bank 2017 BEA Armenia GNP Macrotrends 2019 BEA Armenia GDP Macrotrends 2019 BEA Migration Rate and Associated Issues in Armenia in 2016 2017 UN Armenia 2017 BEA Inflow of Remittances by Balance of Payments Central Bank of Armenia 2019 GNI Current USD in Armenia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gross national income amp oldid 1184457793, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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