The Great Plague in the late Ming dynasty (Chinese: 明末大鼠疫; pinyin: Míngmò Dàshǔyì), also known as the North China Plague in the late Ming dynasty (simplified Chinese: 明末华北鼠疫; traditional Chinese: 明末華北鼠疫; pinyin: Míngmò Huáběi Shǔyì), or the Great Plague of Jingshi (Chinese: 京师大鼠疫; pinyin: Jīngshī Dàshǔyì), was a major plagueepidemic between 1633 and 1644, the last phase of the Ming dynasty in China, during the Chongzhen Emperor's reign (1627–1644).[1][2] The epidemic started in Shanxi in 1633 and reached Beijing in 1641, where the plague caused the deaths of more than 200,000 people in 1643, directly contributing to the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644.[1][2][3]
In 1633, during the sixth year of the Chongzhen Emperor, the plague epidemic started in Shanxi.[2]
In 1641, the plague arrived in Beijing, the capital of the Ming dynasty.[2] At the same time, historical records indicate that more than half of the population in northern Zhejiang fell ill in 1641, and 90% of the local people died in 1642.[4]
In 1643, the epidemic reached its peak, killing more than 200,000 people in Beijing alone, accounting for 20%-25% of the local population.[1][3] The “pimple plague” and “vomit blood plague,” recorded in Chinese literature at the time, were possibly bubonic plague and pneumonic plague.[1][2]
In March 1644, Beijing was under siege by Li Zicheng's troops, whereas the defending force in Beijing weakened significantly due to the plague, with some 50,000 soldiers left–down from the original 100,000.[3] Soon, Li won the Battle of Beijing and the Chongzhen Emperor committed suicide, marking the end of the Ming dynasty,[1][2][3] although Li was subsequently defeated in the Battle of Shanhai Pass by the allied forces of the former Ming general Wu Sangui and the Manchu-led Qing dynasty.
Wu Youke (1582–1652) developed the idea that some diseases were caused by transmissible agents, which he called Li Qi (戾气 ''violent qi energy'') when he observed various epidemics rage around him between 1641 and 1644.[5] His book Wen Yi Lun (瘟疫论，Treatise on Pestilence/Treatise of Epidemic Diseases) can be regarded as the main etiological work that brought forward the concept.
^ abcdeCh’iu, Chung-lin. "The Epidemics in Ming Beijing and the Responses from the Empire's Public Health System". 中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊: 331–388.
^ abcdefCao, Shuji. "鼠疫流行与华北社会的变迁 ( 1580—1644 年)" (PDF). 历史研究 (in Chinese) (1) – via China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House.
^ abcd"专家谈明朝灭亡：鼠疫或为重要原因". China News Service (in Chinese). 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
^Brook, Timothy (September 1999). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. University of California Press. ISBN978-0-520-22154-3.
^Joseph, P Byre (2012). Encyclopedia of the Black Death. ABC-CLIO. p. 76. ISBN978-1598842548. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
January 01, 1970
great, plague, late, ming, dynasty, chinese, 明末大鼠疫, pinyin, míngmò, dàshǔyì, also, known, north, china, plague, late, ming, dynasty, simplified, chinese, 明末华北鼠疫, traditional, chinese, 明末華北鼠疫, pinyin, míngmò, huáběi, shǔyì, great, plague, jingshi, chinese, 京师大鼠. The Great Plague in the late Ming dynasty Chinese 明末大鼠疫 pinyin Mingmo Dashǔyi also known as the North China Plague in the late Ming dynasty simplified Chinese 明末华北鼠疫 traditional Chinese 明末華北鼠疫 pinyin Mingmo Huabei Shǔyi or the Great Plague of Jingshi Chinese 京师大鼠疫 pinyin Jingshi Dashǔyi was a major plague epidemic between 1633 and 1644 the last phase of the Ming dynasty in China during the Chongzhen Emperor s reign 1627 1644 1 2 The epidemic started in Shanxi in 1633 and reached Beijing in 1641 where the plague caused the deaths of more than 200 000 people in 1643 directly contributing to the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644 1 2 3 Great Plague in the late Ming dynastyYersinia pestisDiseasePlagueBacteria strainYersinia pestisLocationMing dynasty ChinaFirst outbreakShanxiIndex case1633Deaths200 000 Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 ReferencesHistory editIn 1633 during the sixth year of the Chongzhen Emperor the plague epidemic started in Shanxi 2 In 1641 the plague arrived in Beijing the capital of the Ming dynasty 2 At the same time historical records indicate that more than half of the population in northern Zhejiang fell ill in 1641 and 90 of the local people died in 1642 4 In 1643 the epidemic reached its peak killing more than 200 000 people in Beijing alone accounting for 20 25 of the local population 1 3 The pimple plague and vomit blood plague recorded in Chinese literature at the time were possibly bubonic plague and pneumonic plague 1 2 In March 1644 Beijing was under siege by Li Zicheng s troops whereas the defending force in Beijing weakened significantly due to the plague with some 50 000 soldiers left down from the original 100 000 3 Soon Li won the Battle of Beijing and the Chongzhen Emperor committed suicide marking the end of the Ming dynasty 1 2 3 although Li was subsequently defeated in the Battle of Shanhai Pass by the allied forces of the former Ming general Wu Sangui and the Manchu led Qing dynasty Wu Youke 1582 1652 developed the idea that some diseases were caused by transmissible agents which he called Li Qi 戾气 violent qi energy when he observed various epidemics rage around him between 1641 and 1644 5 His book Wen Yi Lun 瘟疫论 Treatise on Pestilence Treatise of Epidemic Diseases can be regarded as the main etiological work that brought forward the concept See also editSecond plague pandemic List of epidemics Shun dynasty Qing dynasty Transition from Ming to QingReferences edit a b c d e Ch iu Chung lin The Epidemics in Ming Beijing and the Responses from the Empire s Public Health System 中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊 331 388 a b c d e f Cao Shuji 鼠疫流行与华北社会的变迁 1580 1644 年 PDF 历史研究 in Chinese 1 via China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House a b c d 专家谈明朝灭亡 鼠疫或为重要原因 China News Service in Chinese 2013 12 03 Retrieved 2021 01 18 Brook Timothy September 1999 The Confusions of Pleasure Commerce and Culture in Ming China University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 22154 3 Joseph P Byre 2012 Encyclopedia of the Black Death ABC CLIO p 76 ISBN 978 1598842548 Retrieved 24 February 2019 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Great Plague in the late Ming dynasty amp oldid 1216760573, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
