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Grands Rhétoriqueurs

May 03, 2024

The grands rhétoriqueurs or simply the "rhétoriqueurs" is the name given to a group of poets from 1460 to 1520 (or from the generation of François Villon (no rhétoriqueur himself) to Clément Marot) working in Northern France, Flanders, and the Duchy of Burgundy whose ostentatious poetic production was dominated by (1) an extremely rich rhyme scheme and experimentation with assonance and puns and (2) experimentation with typography and the graphic use of letters, including the creation of verbal rebuses. The group is also credited with promoting alternation between "masculine" rhymes (lines ending in a sound other than a mute "e") and "feminine" rhymes (lines ending in a mute "e").

Poets considered "Grands Rhétoriqueurs" include:

The following poets are sometimes also grouped with the rhétoriqueurs:

  • Guillaume Alexis (active from 1450 to 1490)
  • Jeacques Millet (active from 1450 to 1466)
  • Henri Baude (active from 1460 to 1495)
  • Jean Castel (active from 1460 to 1480)
  • Roger de Collerye (1470–1538)
  • Jean Parmentier (active from 1515 to 1530)

The expression "rhétoriqueurs" comes from the publication of several treatises on versification in French in the 15th century that used the term "rhetoric" in their titles, such as in Arts de seconde rhétorique ("Arts of Second Rhetoric", "first rhetoric" being prose and "second rhetoric" being verse), or "rhétorique vulgaire" ("vernacular" as opposed to "Latin" rhetoric). The implication in these poetic manuals was that rhyming was a form or branch of rhetoric.

The "rhétoriqueurs", alike in rejecting any taint of the vulgar world outside noble courts, were not a homogeneous group or organized literary movement, and there were great differences between each author's individual creative project. Nevertheless, these authors show great similarities in poetic invention and sound experimentation and represent a period of literary transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. The multiplicity of readings in certain texts has been compared to 15th century polyphonic music from the Burgundian School and Franco-Flemish School (such as the music of Johannes Ockeghem), and their fascination with "copia", verbal games and the difficulties of interpretation link them to such Renaissance figures as Erasmus and Rabelais.

The vital realism and pessimism of François Villon, and his countercultural vagabond life, set him apart from the rhétoriqueurs. From the late 1540s on, many of the "rhétoriqueurs" were rejected by the French circle of poets around Pierre de Ronsard (sometimes called La Pléiade), who considered them representatives of an outdated medieval tradition. Some of this disdain may have also been tied to class and chauvinism: many of the "rhétoriqueurs" were non-noble poets and writers working for the court of the Duchy of Burgundy, while Ronsard's circle was entirely French and dominated by nobles.

The "Grands Rhétoriqueurs" were utterly forgotten, until a revival of interest by specialists in the 19th and 20th centuries. Their verbal games and aural experimentation have been praised by contemporary literary groups, including the writers of the Oulipo movement.

References edit

  • (in French) Simonin, Michel, ed. Dictionnaire des lettres françaises – Le XVIe siècle. Paris: Fayard, 2001. ISBN 2-253-05663-4

May 03, 2024
grands, rhétoriqueurs, grands, rhétoriqueurs, simply, rhétoriqueurs, name, given, group, poets, from, 1460, 1520, from, generation, françois, villon, rhétoriqueur, himself, clément, marot, working, northern, france, flanders, duchy, burgundy, whose, ostentatio. The grands rhetoriqueurs or simply the rhetoriqueurs is the name given to a group of poets from 1460 to 1520 or from the generation of Francois Villon no rhetoriqueur himself to Clement Marot working in Northern France Flanders and the Duchy of Burgundy whose ostentatious poetic production was dominated by 1 an extremely rich rhyme scheme and experimentation with assonance and puns and 2 experimentation with typography and the graphic use of letters including the creation of verbal rebuses The group is also credited with promoting alternation between masculine rhymes lines ending in a sound other than a mute e and feminine rhymes lines ending in a mute e Poets considered Grands Rhetoriqueurs include Georges Chastellain 1415 1474 Jean Molinet 1435 1507 Jean Marot 1450 1526 father of Clement Marot Jean Meschinot 1420 1491 active from 1450 to 1490 Jean Robertet active from 1460 to 1500 Guillaume Cretin 1461 1525 Jean Lemaire de Belges 1473 1516 Jean Bouchet 1476 1555 Andre de La Vigne active from 1485 to 1515 Octavien de Saint Gelays active from 1490 to 1505 Jean d Auton active from 1499 to 1528 Pierre Gringore 1475 1538 active from 1500 to 1535 The following poets are sometimes also grouped with the rhetoriqueurs Guillaume Alexis active from 1450 to 1490 Jeacques Millet active from 1450 to 1466 Henri Baude active from 1460 to 1495 Jean Castel active from 1460 to 1480 Roger de Collerye 1470 1538 Jean Parmentier active from 1515 to 1530 The expression rhetoriqueurs comes from the publication of several treatises on versification in French in the 15th century that used the term rhetoric in their titles such as in Arts de seconde rhetorique Arts of Second Rhetoric first rhetoric being prose and second rhetoric being verse or rhetorique vulgaire vernacular as opposed to Latin rhetoric The implication in these poetic manuals was that rhyming was a form or branch of rhetoric The rhetoriqueurs alike in rejecting any taint of the vulgar world outside noble courts were not a homogeneous group or organized literary movement and there were great differences between each author s individual creative project Nevertheless these authors show great similarities in poetic invention and sound experimentation and represent a period of literary transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance The multiplicity of readings in certain texts has been compared to 15th century polyphonic music from the Burgundian School and Franco Flemish School such as the music of Johannes Ockeghem and their fascination with copia verbal games and the difficulties of interpretation link them to such Renaissance figures as Erasmus and Rabelais The vital realism and pessimism of Francois Villon and his countercultural vagabond life set him apart from the rhetoriqueurs From the late 1540s on many of the rhetoriqueurs were rejected by the French circle of poets around Pierre de Ronsard sometimes called La Pleiade who considered them representatives of an outdated medieval tradition Some of this disdain may have also been tied to class and chauvinism many of the rhetoriqueurs were non noble poets and writers working for the court of the Duchy of Burgundy while Ronsard s circle was entirely French and dominated by nobles The Grands Rhetoriqueurs were utterly forgotten until a revival of interest by specialists in the 19th and 20th centuries Their verbal games and aural experimentation have been praised by contemporary literary groups including the writers of the Oulipo movement References edit in French Simonin Michel ed Dictionnaire des lettres francaises Le XVIe siecle Paris Fayard 2001 ISBN 2 253 05663 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grands Rhetoriqueurs amp oldid 1160193768, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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