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Golden-bellied starfrontlet

The golden-bellied starfrontlet (Coeligena bonapartei) is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Colombia.[3][4]

Golden-bellied starfrontlet
Illustration by John Gould
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Genus: Coeligena
Species:
C. bonapartei
Binomial name
Coeligena bonapartei
(Boissonneau, 1840)
Synonyms
  • Helianthea bonapartei

Taxonomy and systematics edit

The golden-bellied starfrontlet and most other members of genus Coeligena were at one time placed in genus Helianthea but have been in their current placement since the mid-1900s.[5]

The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World recognize the golden-bellied starfrontlet as a monotypic species separate from the Perija starfrontlet (C. consita) and golden-tailed starfrontlet (C. eso).[3][6][4] The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society treats those three as subspecies of the golden-bellied starfrontlet sensu lato but is seeking proposals to elevate all three to species status.[5]

The golden-bellied starfrontlet's specific epithet commemorates Charles Lucien Bonaparte.[7]

Description edit

The golden-bellied starfrontlet is about 10.9 cm (4.3 in) long including its 3.0 cm (1.2 in) bill. Males weigh an average of 6.6 g (0.23 oz) and females 6.4 g (0.23 oz). Both sexes have a white spot behind the eye. Males have a blackish crown with a glittering green forehead. Their upper back is shining dark green that transitions through greenish copper to the golden orange rump. The throat and breast are glittering green and the throat has a small violet patch. The rest of the underparts are variable, from glittering copper to reddish gold. The slightly forked tail is golden bronzy green. The female's forehead is plain green; the rest of the upperparts are colored like the male's but are duller. The throat is plain buff and has green spots on its sides. The breast is mottled buff and green. The rest of the underparts are mostly cinnamon with a reddish gold belly and a coppery gold vent area. The tail feathers are bronze and sometimes have buff tips.[8]

Distribution and habitat edit

The golden-bellied starfrontlet is found in the Eastern Andes of Colombia between Boyacá Department and the Metropolitan Area of Bogotá.[8]

The species primarily inhabits the interior and edges of humid montane forest. It also occurs in dwarf forest and more open landscapes with scattered vegetation. In elevation it ranges from 1,400 to 3,200 m (4,600 to 10,500 ft).[8]

Behavior edit

Movement edit

The golden-bellied starfrontlet is a year-round resident.[8]

Feeding edit

The golden-bellied starfrontlet gathers nectar from tubular flowers, usually at low to medium heights. It primarily feeds by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering plants. In addition to feeding on nectar it captures small arthropods by gleaning from foliage, hovering, and by hawking.[8]

Breeding edit

The golden-bellied starfrontlet's breeding season is not known in detail but appears to span from January to possibly July. Its nest, eggs, incubation length, and time to fledging have not been described.[8]

 

Songs and calls

Listen to golden-bellied starfrontlet on xeno-canto

Vocalization edit

Few recordings of the golden-bellied starfrontlet are available. Its vocalizations are known to include "a short twitter and a more complex chatter that rises and falls in pitch."[8]

Status edit

The IUCN has assessed the golden-bellied starfrontlet as being of Least Concern. It has a small range and an unknown population size that is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] "The distribution coincides with areas of new human settlements and areas of interest for minerals exploitation, and it does not occur in any protected areas."[8]

References edit

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Golden-bellied Starfrontlet Coeligena bonapartei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T61172969A95165329. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T61172969A95165329.en. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2023-02-01.
  3. ^ a b Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2023). "hummingbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 13.1. Retrieved January 30, 2023.
  4. ^ a b HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
  5. ^ a b Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 30 January 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved January 30, 2023
  6. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022
  7. ^ Beolen, Bo; Watkins, Michael (2004). Whose Bird? Common Bird Names and the People They Commemorate. Yale University Press. p. 49. ISBN 0-300-10359-X.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Palacios, C. (2020). Golden-bellied Starfrontlet (Coeligena bonapartei), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.gobsta1.01 retrieved 1 February 2023

golden, bellied, starfrontlet, golden, bellied, starfrontlet, coeligena, bonapartei, species, hummingbird, brilliants, tribe, heliantheini, subfamily, lesbiinae, endemic, colombia, illustration, john, gouldconservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, cites, appen. The golden bellied starfrontlet Coeligena bonapartei is a species of hummingbird in the brilliants tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae It is endemic to Colombia 3 4 Golden bellied starfrontletIllustration by John GouldConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 CITES Appendix II CITES 2 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesClade StrisoresOrder ApodiformesFamily TrochilidaeGenus CoeligenaSpecies C bonaparteiBinomial nameCoeligena bonapartei Boissonneau 1840 SynonymsHelianthea bonapartei Contents 1 Taxonomy and systematics 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behavior 4 1 Movement 4 2 Feeding 4 3 Breeding 4 4 Vocalization 5 Status 6 ReferencesTaxonomy and systematics editThe golden bellied starfrontlet and most other members of genus Coeligena were at one time placed in genus Helianthea but have been in their current placement since the mid 1900s 5 The International Ornithological Committee IOC the Clements taxonomy and BirdLife International s Handbook of the Birds of the World recognize the golden bellied starfrontlet as a monotypic species separate from the Perija starfrontlet C consita and golden tailed starfrontlet C eso 3 6 4 The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society treats those three as subspecies of the golden bellied starfrontlet sensu lato but is seeking proposals to elevate all three to species status 5 The golden bellied starfrontlet s specific epithet commemorates Charles Lucien Bonaparte 7 Description editThe golden bellied starfrontlet is about 10 9 cm 4 3 in long including its 3 0 cm 1 2 in bill Males weigh an average of 6 6 g 0 23 oz and females 6 4 g 0 23 oz Both sexes have a white spot behind the eye Males have a blackish crown with a glittering green forehead Their upper back is shining dark green that transitions through greenish copper to the golden orange rump The throat and breast are glittering green and the throat has a small violet patch The rest of the underparts are variable from glittering copper to reddish gold The slightly forked tail is golden bronzy green The female s forehead is plain green the rest of the upperparts are colored like the male s but are duller The throat is plain buff and has green spots on its sides The breast is mottled buff and green The rest of the underparts are mostly cinnamon with a reddish gold belly and a coppery gold vent area The tail feathers are bronze and sometimes have buff tips 8 Distribution and habitat editThe golden bellied starfrontlet is found in the Eastern Andes of Colombia between Boyaca Department and the Metropolitan Area of Bogota 8 The species primarily inhabits the interior and edges of humid montane forest It also occurs in dwarf forest and more open landscapes with scattered vegetation In elevation it ranges from 1 400 to 3 200 m 4 600 to 10 500 ft 8 Behavior editMovement edit The golden bellied starfrontlet is a year round resident 8 Feeding edit The golden bellied starfrontlet gathers nectar from tubular flowers usually at low to medium heights It primarily feeds by trap lining visiting a circuit of flowering plants In addition to feeding on nectar it captures small arthropods by gleaning from foliage hovering and by hawking 8 Breeding edit The golden bellied starfrontlet s breeding season is not known in detail but appears to span from January to possibly July Its nest eggs incubation length and time to fledging have not been described 8 nbsp Songs and callsListen to golden bellied starfrontlet on xeno canto Vocalization edit Few recordings of the golden bellied starfrontlet are available Its vocalizations are known to include a short twitter and a more complex chatter that rises and falls in pitch 8 Status editThe IUCN has assessed the golden bellied starfrontlet as being of Least Concern It has a small range and an unknown population size that is believed to be decreasing No immediate threats have been identified 1 The distribution coincides with areas of new human settlements and areas of interest for minerals exploitation and it does not occur in any protected areas 8 References edit a b BirdLife International 2016 Golden bellied Starfrontlet Coeligena bonapartei IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T61172969A95165329 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T61172969A95165329 en Retrieved 1 February 2023 Appendices CITES cites org Retrieved 2023 02 01 a b Gill F Donsker D Rasmussen P eds January 2023 hummingbirds IOC World Bird List v 13 1 Retrieved January 30 2023 a b HBW and BirdLife International 2022 Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 7 Available at http datazone birdlife org userfiles file Species Taxonomy HBW BirdLife Checklist v7 Dec22 zip retrieved December 13 2022 a b Remsen J V Jr J I Areta E Bonaccorso S Claramunt A Jaramillo D F Lane J F Pacheco M B Robbins F G Stiles and K J Zimmer Version 30 January 2023 A classification of the bird species of South America American Ornithological Society https www museum lsu edu Remsen SACCBaseline htm retrieved January 30 2023 Clements J F T S Schulenberg M J Iliff T A Fredericks J A Gerbracht D Lepage S M Billerman B L Sullivan and C L Wood 2022 The eBird Clements checklist of birds of the world v2022 Downloaded from https www birds cornell edu clementschecklist download retrieved November 10 2022 Beolen Bo Watkins Michael 2004 Whose Bird Common Bird Names and the People They Commemorate Yale University Press p 49 ISBN 0 300 10359 X a b c d e f g h Palacios C 2020 Golden bellied Starfrontlet Coeligena bonapartei version 1 0 In Birds of the World T S Schulenberg Editor Cornell Lab of Ornithology Ithaca NY USA https doi org 10 2173 bow gobsta1 01 retrieved 1 February 2023 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Golden bellied starfrontlet amp oldid 1181637249, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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