The production of glucose from glucogenic amino acids involves these amino acids being converted to alpha keto acids and then to glucose, with both processes occurring in the liver. This mechanism predominates during catabolysis, rising as fasting and starvation increase in severity.
As an example, consider alanine. Alanine is a glucogenic amino acid that the liver's gluconeogenesis process can use to produce glucose.
Muscle cells break down their protein when their blood glucose levels fall, which happens during fasting or periods of intense exercise. The breakdown process releases alanine, which is then transferred to the liver. Through a transamination process, alanine is changed into pyruvate in the liver. Following this, pyruvate is transformed into oxaloacetate, a crucial step in the gluconeogenesis process.[4] It is possible to synthesize glucose from oxaloacetate, ensuring that the blood glucose levels required for the body to produce energy are maintained.
Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids are classified according to the metabolic pathways they enter after being broken down. Glucogenic amino acids can be converted into intermediates that feed the gluconeogenesis metabolic pathway, which produces glucose. When necessary, these amino acids can be used to generate glucose. As previously stated, because they can be transformed into glucose via a variety of metabolic pathways, the majority of amino acids (apart from leucine and lysine) are regarded as glucogenic. Alternatively, the breakdown of ketogenic amino acids results in the ketogenic precursors acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate. These substances undergo a process called ketogenesis that produces ketone bodies like acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone.[5]
^Müller, M. J.; Seitz, H. J. (1984). "Thyroid hormone action on intermediary metabolism. Part III. Protein metabolism in hyper- and hypothyroidism". Klinische Wochenschrift. 62 (3): 97–102. doi:10.1007/BF01738699. PMID 6231411. S2CID 2598447.
^Brosnan J (1 June 2003). "Interorgan amino acid transport and its regulation". J Nutr. 133 (6 Suppl 1): 2068S–2072S. doi:10.1093/jn/133.6.2068S. PMID 12771367.
^Young V, Ajami A (1 September 2001). "Glutamine: the emperor or his clothes?". J Nutr. 131 (9 Suppl): 2449S–59S, discussion 2486S–7S. doi:10.1093/jn/131.9.2449S. PMID 11533293.
glucogenic, amino, acid, glucogenic, amino, acid, glucoplastic, amino, acid, amino, acid, that, converted, into, glucose, through, gluconeogenesis, this, contrast, ketogenic, amino, acids, which, converted, into, ketone, bodies, summary, amino, acid, catabolis. A glucogenic amino acid or glucoplastic amino acid 1 is an amino acid that can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis 2 3 This is in contrast to the ketogenic amino acids which are converted into ketone bodies Summary of amino acid catabolismThe production of glucose from glucogenic amino acids involves these amino acids being converted to alpha keto acids and then to glucose with both processes occurring in the liver This mechanism predominates during catabolysis rising as fasting and starvation increase in severity As an example consider alanine Alanine is a glucogenic amino acid that the liver s gluconeogenesis process can use to produce glucose Muscle cells break down their protein when their blood glucose levels fall which happens during fasting or periods of intense exercise The breakdown process releases alanine which is then transferred to the liver Through a transamination process alanine is changed into pyruvate in the liver Following this pyruvate is transformed into oxaloacetate a crucial step in the gluconeogenesis process 4 It is possible to synthesize glucose from oxaloacetate ensuring that the blood glucose levels required for the body to produce energy are maintained In humans the glucogenic amino acids are Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartic acid Cysteine Glutamic acid Glutamine Glycine Histidine Methionine Proline Serine ValineAmino acids that are both glucogenic and ketogenic known as amphibolic mnemonic PITTT Phenylalanine Isoleucine Threonine Tryptophan TyrosineOnly leucine and lysine are not glucogenic they are only ketogenic Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids are classified according to the metabolic pathways they enter after being broken down Glucogenic amino acids can be converted into intermediates that feed the gluconeogenesis metabolic pathway which produces glucose When necessary these amino acids can be used to generate glucose As previously stated because they can be transformed into glucose via a variety of metabolic pathways the majority of amino acids apart from leucine and lysine are regarded as glucogenic Alternatively the breakdown of ketogenic amino acids results in the ketogenic precursors acetyl CoA and acetoacetate These substances undergo a process called ketogenesis that produces ketone bodies like acetoacetate beta hydroxybutyrate and acetone 5 See also editGlycolysis List of standard amino acids MetabolismReferences edit Muller M J Seitz H J 1984 Thyroid hormone action on intermediary metabolism Part III Protein metabolism in hyper and hypothyroidism Klinische Wochenschrift 62 3 97 102 doi 10 1007 BF01738699 PMID 6231411 S2CID 2598447 Brosnan J 1 June 2003 Interorgan amino acid transport and its regulation J Nutr 133 6 Suppl 1 2068S 2072S doi 10 1093 jn 133 6 2068S PMID 12771367 Young V Ajami A 1 September 2001 Glutamine the emperor or his clothes J Nutr 131 9 Suppl 2449S 59S discussion 2486S 7S doi 10 1093 jn 131 9 2449S PMID 11533293 Glucogenic Amino Acid an overview ScienceDirect Topics www sciencedirect com Retrieved 2023 12 08 D Andrea Gabriele January 2000 Classifying amino acids as gluco glyco genic ketogenic or both Biochemical Education 28 1 27 28 doi 10 1111 j 1539 3429 2000 tb00007 x External links editAmino acid metabolism Chapter on Amino acid catabolism in Biochemistry by Jeremy Berg John Tymoczko Lubert Stryer Fourth ed by Lubert Stryer ISBN 0 7167 4955 6 Accessed 2007 03 17 Amino acid metabolism nbsp This biochemistry article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Glucogenic amino acid amp oldid 1205747285, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
