fbpx
Wikipedia

Gloria in excelsis Deo, BWV 191

January 01, 1970

Gloria in excelsis Deo (Glory to God in the Highest), BWV 191, is a church cantata written by the German Baroque composer Johann Sebastian Bach, and the only one of his church cantatas set to a Latin text. He composed the Christmas cantata in Leipzig probably in 1742, for a celebration by the university of Leipzig.[1][2] The composition's three movements all derive from the Gloria of Bach's 1733 Kyrie–Gloria Mass, which the composer would later use as the Gloria of his Mass in B minor.[3]

Gloria in excelsis Deo
BWV 191
Church cantata by J. S. Bach
RelatedGloria of Missa, BWV 232 I (early version)
OccasionChristmas
TextGloria, Doxology
Performed25 December 1742 (1742-12-25): Paulinerkirche, Leipzig
Movements3
Vocal
Instrumental

History edit

Gloria in excelsis Deo was written in Leipzig for Christmas Day, as indicated by the heading on the manuscript in Bach's own handwriting, "J.J. Festo Nativit: Xsti." (Jesu Juva Festo Nativitatis Christi – Celebration for the birth of Christ), to be sung around the sermon. Recent archival and manuscript evidence suggest the cantata was probably first performed in 1742, for a regular Christmas celebration by the university of Leipzig at the Paulinerkirche,[1][2] rather than in 1743, or 1745 at a special Christmas Day service to celebrate the Peace of Dresden, which brought to an end the hardships imposed on the region by the Second Silesian War,[3][4]

Unlike Bach's other church cantatas, the words are not in German, taken from the Bible, a chorale or contemporary poetry, but in Latin, taken from the Gloria and the Doxology. This late work is the only Latin cantata among around 200 surviving sacred cantatas in German. It is based on an earlier composition, Bach's 1733 Mass for the Dresden court, which would, in 1748, become the first part of his monumental Mass in B minor. The first movement (Gloria) is an almost identical copy of the first two movements of the Gloria of the earlier work, while the second and third movements are close parodies of the earlier Gloria's fifth and ninth movements.[2] Parts, for instance, of the fugal section of Sicut erat in principio, taken from the Cum sancto spiritu of the 1733 setting, are moved from a purely vocal to an instrumentally accompanied setting.[3] The modifications Bach made to the last two movements of BWV 191, however, were not carried over into the final manuscript compilation of the Mass in B minor, leaving it a matter of speculation whether or not these constitute "improvements" to Bach's original score.[5]

Scoring, words and structure edit

The cantata bears the heading ::J.J. Festo Nativit: Xsti. Gloria in excelsis Deo. à 5 Voci. 3 Trombe Tymp. 2 Trav 2 Hautb. 2 Violini Viola e Cont. Di J.S.B. in Bach's own handwriting. The cantata is festively scored for soprano and tenor soloists and an unusual five-part choir (with a dual soprano part), three trumpets, timpani, two flauto traverso, two oboes, two violins, viola, and basso continuo.[2] Its only link to Christmas is the opening chorus on Luke (Luke 2:14), to be performed before the sermon. The other two movements after the sermon (marked "post orationem") divide the general words of the Doxology in a duet Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui sancto (corresponding to the Domine Deus, the central piece of the Gloria of the Mass in B minor) and a final chorus Sicut erat in principio (corresponding to Mass in B minor structure#Cum sancto spiritu of the Gloria). The final movement may contain ripieno markings (to accompany the chorus) similar to the ripieni found in Unser Mund sei voll Lachens, BWV 110, which was also a nativity cantata.[3]

  1. Coro: Gloria in excelsis Deo
  2. Duetto (soprano/tenor): Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui sancto
  3. Coro: Sicut erat in principio

Recordings edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Rathey, Markus (2013). "Zur Entstehungsgeschichte von Bachs Universitätsmusik Gloria in Excelsis Deo BWV 191" [On the genesis of Bach's university musik Gloria in Excelsis Deo BWV 191]. In Wollny, Peter (ed.). Bach-Jahrbuch 2013 [Bach Yearbook 2013]. Bach-Jahrbuch (in German). Vol. 99. Neue Bachgesellschaft. Leipzig: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt. pp. 319–328. doi:10.13141/bjb.v2013. ISBN 978-3-374-03765-0. ISSN 0084-7682.
  2. ^ a b c d "Gloria in excelsis deo BWV 191". Bach Digital. Leipzig: Bach Archive; et al. 2019-03-11.
  3. ^ a b c d Butt, John (1991). Bach, Mass in B minor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-0-521-38716-3.
  4. ^ Butler, Gregory (1992). "Johann Sebastian Bachs Gloria in excelsis Deo BWV 191: Musik für ein Leipziger Dankfest" [Johann Sebastian Bach's Gloria in excelsis Deo BWV 191: Music for a Leipzig Celebration]. Bach-Jahrbuch (in German). 78: 65–71. doi:10.13141/bjb.v19921119.
  5. ^ Butt, John (Winter 1991). "Bach's Mass in B minor: Considerations of Its Early Performance and Use". The Journal of Musicology. 9 (1): 109–123. doi:10.1525/jm.1991.9.1.03a00050. JSTOR 763836.

Further reading edit

External links edit

January 01, 1970
gloria, excelsis, gloria, excelsis, glory, highest, church, cantata, written, german, baroque, composer, johann, sebastian, bach, only, church, cantatas, latin, text, composed, christmas, cantata, leipzig, probably, 1742, celebration, university, leipzig, comp. Gloria in excelsis Deo Glory to God in the Highest BWV 191 is a church cantata written by the German Baroque composer Johann Sebastian Bach and the only one of his church cantatas set to a Latin text He composed the Christmas cantata in Leipzig probably in 1742 for a celebration by the university of Leipzig 1 2 The composition s three movements all derive from the Gloria of Bach s 1733 Kyrie Gloria Mass which the composer would later use as the Gloria of his Mass in B minor 3 Gloria in excelsis DeoBWV 191Church cantata by J S BachPaulinerkirche Leipzig 1740sRelatedGloria of Missa BWV 232 I early version OccasionChristmasTextGloria DoxologyPerformed25 December 1742 1742 12 25 Paulinerkirche LeipzigMovements3VocalSoprano and tenor soloistsSSATB choirInstrumental3 trumpetstimpani2 traversos2 oboesstringscontinuo Contents 1 History 2 Scoring words and structure 3 Recordings 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksHistory editGloria in excelsis Deo was written in Leipzig for Christmas Day as indicated by the heading on the manuscript in Bach s own handwriting J J Festo Nativit Xsti Jesu Juva Festo Nativitatis Christi Celebration for the birth of Christ to be sung around the sermon Recent archival and manuscript evidence suggest the cantata was probably first performed in 1742 for a regular Christmas celebration by the university of Leipzig at the Paulinerkirche 1 2 rather than in 1743 or 1745 at a special Christmas Day service to celebrate the Peace of Dresden which brought to an end the hardships imposed on the region by the Second Silesian War 3 4 Unlike Bach s other church cantatas the words are not in German taken from the Bible a chorale or contemporary poetry but in Latin taken from the Gloria and the Doxology This late work is the only Latin cantata among around 200 surviving sacred cantatas in German It is based on an earlier composition Bach s 1733 Mass for the Dresden court which would in 1748 become the first part of his monumental Mass in B minor The first movement Gloria is an almost identical copy of the first two movements of the Gloria of the earlier work while the second and third movements are close parodies of the earlier Gloria s fifth and ninth movements 2 Parts for instance of the fugal section of Sicut erat in principio taken from the Cum sancto spiritu of the 1733 setting are moved from a purely vocal to an instrumentally accompanied setting 3 The modifications Bach made to the last two movements of BWV 191 however were not carried over into the final manuscript compilation of the Mass in B minor leaving it a matter of speculation whether or not these constitute improvements to Bach s original score 5 Scoring words and structure editThe cantata bears the heading J J Festo Nativit Xsti Gloria in excelsis Deo a 5 Voci 3 Trombe Tymp 2 Trav 2 Hautb 2 Violini Viola e Cont Di J S B in Bach s own handwriting The cantata is festively scored for soprano and tenor soloists and an unusual five part choir with a dual soprano part three trumpets timpani two flauto traverso two oboes two violins viola and basso continuo 2 Its only link to Christmas is the opening chorus on Luke Luke 2 14 to be performed before the sermon The other two movements after the sermon marked post orationem divide the general words of the Doxology in a duet Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui sancto corresponding to the Domine Deus the central piece of the Gloria of the Mass in B minor and a final chorus Sicut erat in principio corresponding to Mass in B minor structure Cum sancto spiritu of the Gloria The final movement may contain ripieno markings to accompany the chorus similar to the ripieni found in Unser Mund sei voll Lachens BWV 110 which was also a nativity cantata 3 Coro Gloria in excelsis Deo Duetto soprano tenor Gloria Patri et Filio et Spiritui sancto Coro Sicut erat in principioRecordings editDie Bach Kantate Vol 16 Helmuth Rilling Gachinger Kantorei Bach Collegium Stuttgart Nobuko Gamo Yamamoto Adalbert Kraus Hanssler 1971 J S Bach Weihnachtsoratorium Ludwig Guttler Concentus Vocalis Wien Virtuosi Saxoniae Christiane Oelze Hans Peter Blochwitz Dresden Classics 1995 J S Bach Complete Cantatas Vol 21 Ton Koopman Amsterdam Baroque Orchestra amp Choir Caroline Stam Paul Agnew Antoine Marchand 1999 Bach Cantatas Vol 18 Weimar Leipzig Hamburg For Christmas Day amp for Epiphany For the 1st Sunday after Epiphany John Eliot Gardiner Monteverdi Choir English Baroque Soloists Claron McFadden Christoph Genz Soli Deo Gloria 1999 J S Bach Kantate BWV 191 Gloria in Excelsis Deo Rudolf Lutz Vokalensemble der Schola Seconda Pratica Schola Seconda Pratica Gerlinde Samann Johannes Kaleschke Gallus Media 2009 Bach Cantatas Vol 55 Masaaki Suzuki Bach Collegium Japan Hana Blazikova Gerd Turk BIS Records 2013References edit a b Rathey Markus 2013 Zur Entstehungsgeschichte von Bachs Universitatsmusik Gloria in Excelsis Deo BWV 191 On the genesis of Bach s university musik Gloria in Excelsis Deo BWV 191 In Wollny Peter ed Bach Jahrbuch 2013 Bach Yearbook 2013 Bach Jahrbuch in German Vol 99 Neue Bachgesellschaft Leipzig Evangelische Verlagsanstalt pp 319 328 doi 10 13141 bjb v2013 ISBN 978 3 374 03765 0 ISSN 0084 7682 a b c d Gloria in excelsis deo BWV 191 Bach Digital Leipzig Bach Archive et al 2019 03 11 a b c d Butt John 1991 Bach Mass in B minor Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 12 13 ISBN 978 0 521 38716 3 Butler Gregory 1992 Johann Sebastian Bachs Gloria in excelsis Deo BWV 191 Musik fur ein Leipziger Dankfest Johann Sebastian Bach s Gloria in excelsis Deo BWV 191 Music for a Leipzig Celebration Bach Jahrbuch in German 78 65 71 doi 10 13141 bjb v19921119 Butt John Winter 1991 Bach s Mass in B minor Considerations of Its Early Performance and Use The Journal of Musicology 9 1 109 123 doi 10 1525 jm 1991 9 1 03a00050 JSTOR 763836 Further reading editDurr Alfred 1981 Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach in German Vol 1 4 ed Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag pp 118 119 ISBN 3 423 04080 7 Durr Alfred 17 December 2005 Adventsmotette PDF in German St Thomas Church Leipzig p 10 External links editGloria in excelsis Deo BWV 191 performance by the Netherlands Bach Society video and background information Gloria in excelsis Deo BWV 191 Scores at the International Music Score Library Project www emmanuelmusic org bach notes bwv 191 BWV 191 Gloria in excelsis Deo Cantata notes Emmanuel Music BWV 191 Gloria in excelsis Deo English translation University of Vermont Gardiner John Eliot 2005 Johann Sebastian Bach 1685 1750 Cantatas Nos 40 91 110 amp 121 Media notes Soli Deo Gloria at Hyperion Records website Retrieved 31 December 2018 Chapter 54 BWV 191 Gloria in excelsis Deo Glory to God in the highest Julian Mincham 2010 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gloria in excelsis Deo BWV 191 amp oldid 1221412363, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.