Gloger's rule is an ecogeographical rule which states that within a species of endotherms, more heavily pigmented forms tend to be found in more humid environments, e.g. near the equator. It was named after the zoologist Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger, who first remarked upon this phenomenon in 1833 in a review of covariation of climate and avianplumage color.[1]Erwin Stresemann later noted that the idea had been expressed even earlier by Peter Simon Pallas in Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica (1811).[2] Gloger found that birds in more humid habitats tended to be darker than their relatives from regions with higher aridity. Over 90% of 52 North American bird species studies conform to this rule.[3]
One explanation of Gloger's rule in the case of birds appears to be the increased resistance of dark feathers to feather- or hair-degrading bacteria such as Bacillus licheniformis. Feathers in humid environments have a greater bacterial load, and humid environments are more suitable for microbial growth; dark feathers or hair are more difficult to break down.[4] More resilient eumelanins (dark brown to black) are deposited in hot and humid regions, whereas in arid regions, pheomelanins (reddish to sandy color) predominate due to the benefit of crypsis.
Among mammals, there is a marked tendency in equatorial and tropical regions to have a darker skin color than poleward relatives. In this case, the underlying cause is probably the need to better protect against the more intense solar UV radiation at lower latitudes. However, absorption of a certain amount of UV radiation is necessary for the production of certain vitamins, notably vitamin D (see also osteomalacia).
Gloger's rule is also vividly demonstrated among human populations.[5] Populations that evolved in sunnier environments closer to the equator tend to be darker-pigmented than populations originating farther from the equator. There are exceptions, however; among the most well known are the Tibetans and Inuit, who have darker skin than might be expected from their native latitudes. In the first case, this is apparently an adaptation to the extremely high UV radiation on the Tibetan Plateau, whereas in the second case, the necessity to absorb UV radiation is alleviated by the Inuit's diet, which is naturally rich in vitamin D.[citation needed]
Burtt, Edward H. Jr.; Ichida, Jann M. (2004). "Gloger's Rule, feather-degrading bacteria, and color variation among Song Sparrows" (PDF). The Condor. 106 (3): 681–686. doi:10.1650/7383. ISSN 0010-5422. S2CID 5857742. (PDF) from the original on 2012-11-20. Retrieved 2007-11-24.
Gloger, Constantin Wilhelm Lambert (1833). "§. 5. Abänderungsweise der einzelnen, einer Veränderung durch das Klima unterworfenen Farben". Das Abändern der Vögel durch Einfluss des Klimas [The Evolution of Birds Through the Impact of Climate] (in German). Breslau: August Schulz. pp. 11–24. ISBN978-3-8364-2744-9. OCLC 166097356.
Zink, Robert M.; Remsen, James V. Jr. (1986). "Evolutionary Processes and Patterns of Geographic Variation in Birds". In Johnston, Richard F. (ed.). Current Ornithology. Vol. 4. New York, NY: Plenum Press. pp. 1–69. ISBN0-306-42352-9.
Further Readingedit
Lai, Yung-Chih; Shiroishi, Toshihiko; Moriwaki, Kazuo; Motokawa, Masaharu; Yu, Hon-Tsen (March 2008). "Variation of coat color in house mice throughout Asia". Journal of Zoology. Wiley. 274 (3): 270–276. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00382.x. ISSN 0952-8369.
February 16, 2024
gloger, rule, ecogeographical, rule, which, states, that, within, species, endotherms, more, heavily, pigmented, forms, tend, found, more, humid, environments, near, equator, named, after, zoologist, constantin, wilhelm, lambert, gloger, first, remarked, upon,. Gloger s rule is an ecogeographical rule which states that within a species of endotherms more heavily pigmented forms tend to be found in more humid environments e g near the equator It was named after the zoologist Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger who first remarked upon this phenomenon in 1833 in a review of covariation of climate and avian plumage color 1 Erwin Stresemann later noted that the idea had been expressed even earlier by Peter Simon Pallas in Zoographia Rosso Asiatica 1811 2 Gloger found that birds in more humid habitats tended to be darker than their relatives from regions with higher aridity Over 90 of 52 North American bird species studies conform to this rule 3 One explanation of Gloger s rule in the case of birds appears to be the increased resistance of dark feathers to feather or hair degrading bacteria such as Bacillus licheniformis Feathers in humid environments have a greater bacterial load and humid environments are more suitable for microbial growth dark feathers or hair are more difficult to break down 4 More resilient eumelanins dark brown to black are deposited in hot and humid regions whereas in arid regions pheomelanins reddish to sandy color predominate due to the benefit of crypsis Among mammals there is a marked tendency in equatorial and tropical regions to have a darker skin color than poleward relatives In this case the underlying cause is probably the need to better protect against the more intense solar UV radiation at lower latitudes However absorption of a certain amount of UV radiation is necessary for the production of certain vitamins notably vitamin D see also osteomalacia Gloger s rule is also vividly demonstrated among human populations 5 Populations that evolved in sunnier environments closer to the equator tend to be darker pigmented than populations originating farther from the equator There are exceptions however among the most well known are the Tibetans and Inuit who have darker skin than might be expected from their native latitudes In the first case this is apparently an adaptation to the extremely high UV radiation on the Tibetan Plateau whereas in the second case the necessity to absorb UV radiation is alleviated by the Inuit s diet which is naturally rich in vitamin D citation needed Contents 1 See also 2 References 3 Sources 4 Further ReadingSee also editAllen s rule Bergmann s rule correlating latitude with body mass in animalsReferences edit Gloger 1833 Stresemann 1975 Zink amp Remsen 1986 Burtt amp Ichida 2004 Ember Ember amp Peregrine 2002Sources editBurtt Edward H Jr Ichida Jann M 2004 Gloger s Rule feather degrading bacteria and color variation among Song Sparrows PDF The Condor 106 3 681 686 doi 10 1650 7383 ISSN 0010 5422 S2CID 5857742 Archived PDF from the original on 2012 11 20 Retrieved 2007 11 24 Ember Carol R Ember Melvin Peregrine Peter N 2002 Anthropology 10th ed Prentice Hall ISBN 978 0 13 091836 9 LCCN 2001033927 OCLC 47018472 Gloger Constantin Wilhelm Lambert 1833 5 Abanderungsweise der einzelnen einer Veranderung durch das Klima unterworfenen Farben Das Abandern der Vogel durch Einfluss des Klimas The Evolution of Birds Through the Impact of Climate in German Breslau August Schulz pp 11 24 ISBN 978 3 8364 2744 9 OCLC 166097356 Stresemann Erwin August 1975 Cottrell G William ed Ornithology from Aristotle to the present Translated by Epstein Hans J Epstein Cathleen Cambridge MA Harvard University Press p 70 ISBN 978 0 674 64485 4 LCCN 74025035 OCLC 1499768 Zink Robert M Remsen James V Jr 1986 Evolutionary Processes and Patterns of Geographic Variation in Birds In Johnston Richard F ed Current Ornithology Vol 4 New York NY Plenum Press pp 1 69 ISBN 0 306 42352 9 Further Reading editLai Yung Chih Shiroishi Toshihiko Moriwaki Kazuo Motokawa Masaharu Yu Hon Tsen March 2008 Variation of coat color in house mice throughout Asia Journal of Zoology Wiley 274 3 270 276 doi 10 1111 j 1469 7998 2007 00382 x ISSN 0952 8369 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gloger 27s rule amp oldid 1207532958, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
