He graduated from the University of Pisa where he studied law and mathematics, earning a doctorate 3 March 1730.[3] On 8 January 1732 he was appointed as a sub-chancellor at the Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore, for a five-year term. His religious views having evolved, he left his job and fled the Inquisition to Switzerland in 1736.[5] On 16 April 1737, he formally enrolled in the Calvinist faith in Geneva.[3]
He settled in Vevey near Lausanne, where in August 1737 he received appointment as the principal at the school. He taught there until 1748 when he was dismissed due in part to his harsh teaching methods.[3] Unable to find employment in Switzerland, in 1751 he obtained a job teaching mathematics and astronomy at the University of Utrecht where he began work on a second doctorate, which he received in 1754 under the name Johann Castillon. He was made a professor of mathematics and philosophy there the following year, and served as the rector there from 1758 to 1759.[4]
In 1763, Frederick the Great invited Salvemini to Berlin to teach mathematics to Prussian artillery officers.[1][6] Although he had been a corresponding member since 1755, in 1764 he was elected a full member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.[1] That same year Salvemini moved to Berlin.[1] In 1765, he received the position of First Astronomer ("Royal Astronomer") at the Berlin Observatory.[4] He remained in Berlin for the rest of his life.[4] Although he had a stroke in November 1787, he remained lucid and continued his work until his death.[1]
Personal lifeedit
In 1745, he married Elizabeth du Fresne with whom he had three children, the only surviving child was Maximilian Friedrich Gustav Adolf Salvemini (see below). In 1757, Elizabeth died, and he married Madeleine Ravené in November 1759 in the Walloon Church of Amsterdam. [7] He met the Scottish diarist James Boswell in both Utrecht and Berlin, with Boswell recording several anecdotes and conversations.[4]
In 1745, he was elected to the Royal Society. In 1765, Frederick the Great appointed him "Astronomer Royal", of the Observatory of Berlin. He received additional honors from foreign academies, was appointed a member of the Academy of Bologna in 1768, the Academy of Mannheim in 1777, the Academy of Padua in 1784, and the Academy of Prague in 1785. Succeeding Joseph-Louis Lagrange, he was appointed Director of the Mathematics Section of the Berlin Academy, a role he held until his death.[4]
Discours sur l'origine d'inegalite parmi les hommes. Pour servir de reponse au discours que M Rouseau (1756)
Mémoire sur la règle de Cardan, et sur les equations cubique, avec Quelques Remarques sur les equations en général (1783)
Examen philosophique de principes de quelque algebra 1790 and 1791 (memoirs)
Notes and referencesedit
^ abcdeSpiess, Otto (1957), "Castillon, Jean", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 3, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 174–174; (full text online)
^"Castiglióne, Giovanni Francesco Salvemini detto". Encyclopedia Online (in Italian). Treccani.
^ abcdefGuicciardini, Niccolò, ed. (2017). "Salvemini, Giovanni Francesco". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 89.
^Laursen, John Christian; Blom, H. W.; Simonutti, Luisa, eds. (2007). Monarchisms in the Age of Enlightenment: Liberty, patriotism, and the common good. University of Toronto Press. p. 268. ISBN978-0-8020-9177-2.
^Later, after his death, this became the Unified Artillery and Engineering School (de:Vereinigte Artillerie- und Ingenieurschule) at Charlottenburg. "Vereinigte Artillerie- und Ingenieurschule". Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon. Vol. 20. Leipzig. 1909. p. 48.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^"The Freemason's Lexicon: Von Castillon Frederick Gustav Adolph Maximilion". Freemasons' Quarterly Magazine (New Series). London. 1844. p. 415.
^Fétis, François-Joseph (1875). "Castillon (Frédéric-Adolphe-Maximilien-Gustave de)". Biographie universelle des musiciens et bibliographie générale de la musique. Vol. 2. Paris: Firmin-Didot. p. 208.
^Starck, Maurice (2002). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011.
External linksedit
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Discours sur l’origine et les fondements de l’inégalité parmi les hommes
Dall'età dell'Arcadia al "Conciliatore": aspetti teorici, elaborazioni testuali, percorsi europei, Author Giuseppe Antonio Camerino, Liguori Editore Srl, 2006, ISBN978-88-207-3983-6
Biblioteca matematica italiana dalla origine della stampa ai primi anni del secolo XIX Author Pietro Riccardi, Società tipografica, 1893
"Discours sur l'origine d'inegalite parmi les hommes." French Wikipedia
January 01, 1970
giovanni, salvemini, giovanni, francesco, mauro, melchiorre, salvemini, castiglione, january, 1708, castiglione, valdarno, october, 1791, berlin, italian, mathematician, astronomer, castillon, observations, livre, intitulé, systême, nature, 1771, contents, lif. Giovanni Francesco Mauro Melchiorre Salvemini di Castiglione FRS 15 January 1708 in Castiglione del Valdarno 11 October 1791 in Berlin 1 was an Italian mathematician and astronomer Castillon Observations sur le livre intitule Systeme de la nature 1771 Contents 1 Life 1 1 Personal life 2 Mathematics 3 Works 4 Notes and references 5 External linksLife editSalvemini was born on 15 January 1708 in Castiglione del Valdarno in Arezzo 2 His father Giuseppe Salvemini of Castiglion Fiorentino was a diplomat and jurist and an ambassador for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany 3 His mother was Maria Maddalena Lucia Braccesi whose family came from Pisa 3 4 Salvemini was home schooled by tutors and then attended a seminary in Florence 3 He graduated from the University of Pisa where he studied law and mathematics earning a doctorate 3 March 1730 3 On 8 January 1732 he was appointed as a sub chancellor at the Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore for a five year term His religious views having evolved he left his job and fled the Inquisition to Switzerland in 1736 5 On 16 April 1737 he formally enrolled in the Calvinist faith in Geneva 3 He settled in Vevey near Lausanne where in August 1737 he received appointment as the principal at the school He taught there until 1748 when he was dismissed due in part to his harsh teaching methods 3 Unable to find employment in Switzerland in 1751 he obtained a job teaching mathematics and astronomy at the University of Utrecht where he began work on a second doctorate which he received in 1754 under the name Johann Castillon He was made a professor of mathematics and philosophy there the following year and served as the rector there from 1758 to 1759 4 In 1763 Frederick the Great invited Salvemini to Berlin to teach mathematics to Prussian artillery officers 1 6 Although he had been a corresponding member since 1755 in 1764 he was elected a full member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences 1 That same year Salvemini moved to Berlin 1 In 1765 he received the position of First Astronomer Royal Astronomer at the Berlin Observatory 4 He remained in Berlin for the rest of his life 4 Although he had a stroke in November 1787 he remained lucid and continued his work until his death 1 Personal life edit In 1745 he married Elizabeth du Fresne with whom he had three children the only surviving child was Maximilian Friedrich Gustav Adolf Salvemini see below In 1757 Elizabeth died and he married Madeleine Ravene in November 1759 in the Walloon Church of Amsterdam 7 He met the Scottish diarist James Boswell in both Utrecht and Berlin with Boswell recording several anecdotes and conversations 4 His son Frederick Salvemini de Castillon 1747 1814 also became a member Berlin Academy and was a writer for Diderot s Encyclopedie 8 9 Mathematics editIn 1745 he was elected to the Royal Society In 1765 Frederick the Great appointed him Astronomer Royal of the Observatory of Berlin He received additional honors from foreign academies was appointed a member of the Academy of Bologna in 1768 the Academy of Mannheim in 1777 the Academy of Padua in 1784 and the Academy of Prague in 1785 Succeeding Joseph Louis Lagrange he was appointed Director of the Mathematics Section of the Berlin Academy a role he held until his death 4 He studied conic sections cubic equations and problems of artillery He is also known for solving the Cramer Castillon problem 10 Works editDiscours sur l origine d inegalite parmi les hommes Pour servir de reponse au discours que M Rouseau 1756 Memoire sur la regle de Cardan et sur les equations cubique avec Quelques Remarques sur les equations en general 1783 Examen philosophique de principes de quelque algebra 1790 and 1791 memoirs Notes and references edit a b c d e Spiess Otto 1957 Castillon Jean Neue Deutsche Biographie in German vol 3 Berlin Duncker amp Humblot pp 174 174 full text online Castiglione Giovanni Francesco Salvemini detto Encyclopedia Online in Italian Treccani a b c d e f Guicciardini Niccolo ed 2017 Salvemini Giovanni Francesco Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani in Italian Vol 89 a b c d e f O Connor J J Robertson E F 2009 Johann Francesco Melchiore Salvemini Castillon Biographies Fife Scotland University of St Andrews Laursen John Christian Blom H W Simonutti Luisa eds 2007 Monarchisms in the Age of Enlightenment Liberty patriotism and the common good University of Toronto Press p 268 ISBN 978 0 8020 9177 2 Later after his death this became the Unified Artillery and Engineering School de Vereinigte Artillerie und Ingenieurschule at Charlottenburg Vereinigte Artillerie und Ingenieurschule Meyers Grosses Konversations Lexikon Vol 20 Leipzig 1909 p 48 a href Template Cite encyclopedia html title Template Cite encyclopedia cite encyclopedia a CS1 maint location missing publisher link https archief amsterdam indexen deeds 06b34db0 b3a8 4689 ab5c f78b7f5dddf1 The Freemason s Lexicon Von Castillon Frederick Gustav Adolph Maximilion Freemasons Quarterly Magazine New Series London 1844 p 415 Fetis Francois Joseph 1875 Castillon Frederic Adolphe Maximilien Gustave de Biographie universelle des musiciens et bibliographie generale de la musique Vol 2 Paris Firmin Didot p 208 Starck Maurice 2002 Castillon s problem PDF Archived from the original PDF on 6 July 2011 External links edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Discours sur l origine et les fondements de l inegalite parmi les hommes Dall eta dell Arcadia al Conciliatore aspetti teorici elaborazioni testuali percorsi europei Author Giuseppe Antonio Camerino Liguori Editore Srl 2006 ISBN 978 88 207 3983 6 Biblioteca matematica italiana dalla origine della stampa ai primi anni del secolo XIX Author Pietro Riccardi Societa tipografica 1893 Discours sur l origine d inegalite parmi les hommes French Wikipedia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Giovanni Salvemini amp oldid 1161881017, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
