The giant conebill (Conirostrum binghami) is a small passerine bird, one of the tanager family. It is closely related to the regular conebills Conirostrum though it differs in its larger size and nuthatch-like foraging habits.
The giant conebill is 15 centimetres (5.9 in) in length and weighs 22–27 grams (0.78–0.95 oz). It is grey above, deep chestnut below, and with a white patch on the cheeks. It is found in the Andes from Colombia to Ecuador, and Peru to Bolivia. It lives in Polylepis trees of the family Rosaceae.
The giant conebill lives individually or in groups of 5 or less. It peels bark off Polylepis trees to find insects. It also eats aphids and sugary solutions secreted by Gynoxys. The species is a seasonal breeder, nesting at the start of the rainy season (September to December in Bolivia where it has been studied). The nest is an open cup set on the branches of Polylepis, and the average clutch size is 1.8 eggs. Both parents incubate the eggs, feed the chicks and remove the fecal sacs.[2]
Its decline is attributed to the destruction and fragmentation of Polylepis woodland.
The taxonomy is complicated. The giant conebill was formally described in 1860 by the English zoologist Philip Sclater from a specimen collected by Louis Fraser. Sclater coined the binomial nameOreomanes fraseri.[3][4] A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the giant conebill was embedded in a clade containing members of the genusConirostrum.[5] As Conirostrum d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1838, was introduced before Oreomanes Sclater, 1860, Conirostrum has priority and Oreomanes was merged into Conirostrum. But as the cinereous conebill has a recognised subspecies, Conirostrum cinereum fraseri Sclater, 1859, the specific name of the giant conebill was changed to that of its junior synonym Oreomanes binghami. This had been introduced in 1919 by the American ornithologist Frank Chapman based on a specimen collected near Machu Picchu in Peru. The specific epithet was chosen to honour Hiram Bingham.[6][7][8] The giant conebill is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.[7]
Referencesedit
^BirdLife International (2016). "Conirostrum binghami". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22722114A94749917. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22722114A94749917.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
^Cahill, J; E. Matthysen; N. E. Huanca (2008). "Nesting biology of the Giant Conebill (Oreomanes fraseri) in the High Andes of Bolivia". Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 120 (3): 545–549. doi:10.1676/07-066.1. S2CID 85970323.
^Sclater, Philip Lutley (1860). "List of Birds collected by Mr. Fraser in the vicinity of Quito, and during excursions to Pichincha and Chimborazo; with notes and descriptions of new species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 28: 73-83 [75, Plate 159].
^Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. pp. 398–399.
^Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID 24583021.
^Burns, K.J.; Unitt, P.; Mason, N.A. (2016). "A genus-level classification of the family Thraupidae (Class Aves: Order Passeriformes)". Zootaxa. 4088 (3): 329–354. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.2. PMID 27394344.
^ abGill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
^Chapman, Frank M. (1919). "Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 41: 323–333 [331–332]. hdl:2246/1747.
Ridgely, R. S., & G. Tudor. 1989. The birds of South America, vol. 1. Univ. Texas Press, Austin.
Schulenberg, T. S. 1985. An intergeneric hybrid conebill (Conirostrum X Oreomanes) from Peru. pp. 390–395 in "Neotropical Ornithology" (P. A. Buckley et al., eds.), Ornithol. Monogr. No. 36.
Zimmer, J. 1942d. Studies of Peruvian birds, No. 43. Notes on The genera Dacnis, Xenodacnis, Coereba, Conirostrum, and Oreomanes. 1193: 1–16.
External linksedit
Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the giant conebill
Bartley, G. (2009). Photo of the Giant Conebill.
This article about a tanager is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
giant, conebill, giant, conebill, conirostrum, binghami, small, passerine, bird, tanager, family, closely, related, regular, conebills, conirostrum, though, differs, larger, size, nuthatch, like, foraging, habits, conservation, status, near, threatened, iucn, . The giant conebill Conirostrum binghami is a small passerine bird one of the tanager family It is closely related to the regular conebills Conirostrum though it differs in its larger size and nuthatch like foraging habits Giant conebill Conservation status Near Threatened IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Thraupidae Genus Conirostrum Species C binghami Binomial name Conirostrum binghami Chapman 1919 Synonyms Oreomanes fraseri The giant conebill is 15 centimetres 5 9 in in length and weighs 22 27 grams 0 78 0 95 oz It is grey above deep chestnut below and with a white patch on the cheeks It is found in the Andes from Colombia to Ecuador and Peru to Bolivia It lives in Polylepis trees of the family Rosaceae The giant conebill lives individually or in groups of 5 or less It peels bark off Polylepis trees to find insects It also eats aphids and sugary solutions secreted by Gynoxys The species is a seasonal breeder nesting at the start of the rainy season September to December in Bolivia where it has been studied The nest is an open cup set on the branches of Polylepis and the average clutch size is 1 8 eggs Both parents incubate the eggs feed the chicks and remove the fecal sacs 2 Its decline is attributed to the destruction and fragmentation of Polylepis woodland Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 References 3 Further reading 4 External linksTaxonomy editThe taxonomy is complicated The giant conebill was formally described in 1860 by the English zoologist Philip Sclater from a specimen collected by Louis Fraser Sclater coined the binomial name Oreomanes fraseri 3 4 A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the giant conebill was embedded in a clade containing members of the genus Conirostrum 5 As Conirostrum d Orbigny amp Lafresnaye 1838 was introduced before Oreomanes Sclater 1860 Conirostrum has priority and Oreomanes was merged into Conirostrum But as the cinereous conebill has a recognised subspecies Conirostrum cinereum fraseri Sclater 1859 the specific name of the giant conebill was changed to that of its junior synonym Oreomanes binghami This had been introduced in 1919 by the American ornithologist Frank Chapman based on a specimen collected near Machu Picchu in Peru The specific epithet was chosen to honour Hiram Bingham 6 7 8 The giant conebill is monotypic no subspecies are recognised 7 References edit BirdLife International 2016 Conirostrum binghami IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T22722114A94749917 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T22722114A94749917 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 Cahill J E Matthysen N E Huanca 2008 Nesting biology of the Giant Conebill Oreomanes fraseri in the High Andes of Bolivia Wilson Journal of Ornithology 120 3 545 549 doi 10 1676 07 066 1 S2CID 85970323 Sclater Philip Lutley 1860 List of Birds collected by Mr Fraser in the vicinity of Quito and during excursions to Pichincha and Chimborazo with notes and descriptions of new species Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 28 73 83 75 Plate 159 Paynter Raymond A Jr ed 1970 Check List of Birds of the World Vol 13 Cambridge Massachusetts Museum of Comparative Zoology pp 398 399 Burns K J Shultz A J Title P O Mason N A Barker F K Klicka J Lanyon S M Lovette I J 2014 Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers Passeriformes Thraupidae the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 75 41 77 doi 10 1016 j ympev 2014 02 006 PMID 24583021 Burns K J Unitt P Mason N A 2016 A genus level classification of the family Thraupidae Class Aves Order Passeriformes Zootaxa 4088 3 329 354 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 4088 3 2 PMID 27394344 a b Gill Frank Donsker David Rasmussen Pamela eds July 2020 Tanagers and allies IOC World Bird List Version 10 2 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 17 October 2020 Chapman Frank M 1919 Descriptions of proposed new birds from Peru Bolivia Argentina and Chile Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 41 323 333 331 332 hdl 2246 1747 Further reading editBirdLife Species Factsheet Mason N A and K J Burns 2010 Giant Conebill Oreomanes fraseri Neotropical Birds Online T S Schulenberg Editor Ithaca Cornell Lab of Ornithology retrieved from Neotropical Birds Online http neotropical birds cornell edu portal species overview p p spp 589196 Ridgely R S amp G Tudor 1989 The birds of South America vol 1 Univ Texas Press Austin Schulenberg T S 1985 An intergeneric hybrid conebill Conirostrum X Oreomanes from Peru pp 390 395 in Neotropical Ornithology P A Buckley et al eds Ornithol Monogr No 36 Zimmer J 1942d Studies of Peruvian birds No 43 Notes on The genera Dacnis Xenodacnis Coereba Conirostrum and Oreomanes 1193 1 16 External links editXeno canto audio recordings of the giant conebill Bartley G 2009 Photo of the Giant Conebill nbsp This article about a tanager is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Giant conebill amp oldid 1190008703, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
