Ghostscript

Ghostscript is a suite of software based on an interpreter for Adobe Systems' PostScript and Portable Document Format (PDF) page description languages. Its main purposes are the rasterization or rendering of such page description language^[4] files, for the display or printing of document pages, and the conversion between PostScript and PDF files.^[5]

Ghostscript

Original author(s)	L. Peter Deutsch
Developer(s)	Artifex Software^[1]
Initial release	August 11, 1988; 34 years ago (1988-08-11)^[2]
Stable release	10.0.0^[3] / August 21, 2022; 4 months ago (2022-08-21)
Repository	git.ghostscript.com?p=ghostpdl.git
Written in	C
Operating system	Cross-platform
Type	PostScript and PDF interpreter
License	Dual-licensed (GNU Affero General Public License + commercial permissive exception)
Website	www.ghostscript.com

Features

Ghostscript can be used as a raster image processor (RIP) for raster computer printers—for instance, as an input filter of line printer daemon—or as the RIP engine behind PostScript and PDF viewers. It can also be used as a file format converter, such as PostScript to PDF converter. The ps2pdf conversion program comes with the Ghostscript distribution.^[6]

Ghostscript can also serve as the back-end for PDF to raster image (png, tiff, jpeg, etc.) converter; this is often combined with a PostScript printer driver in "virtual printer" PDF creators.^{[7][citation needed]} As it takes the form of a language interpreter, Ghostscript can also be used as a general purpose programming environment.

Ghostscript has been ported to many operating systems, including Unix-like systems, classic Mac OS, OpenVMS, Microsoft Windows, Plan 9, MS-DOS, FreeDOS, OS/2, ArcaOS, Atari TOS, RISC OS and AmigaOS.

History

Ghostscript was originally written by L. Peter Deutsch for the GNU Project, and released under the GNU General Public License in 1988.^[8] At the time of the initial release there was a similar commercial software product named GoScript from LaserGo.^[9] Later, Deutsch formed Aladdin Enterprises to dual-license Ghostscript also under a proprietary license with an own development fork: Aladdin Ghostscript under the Aladdin Free Public License^[10] (which, despite the name, is not a free software license, as it forbids commercial distribution) and GNU Ghostscript distributed with the GNU General Public License.^[11] With version 8.54 in 2006, both development branches were merged again, and dual-licensed releases were still provided.^[12][13]

Ghostscript is currently owned by Artifex Software and maintained by Artifex Software employees and the worldwide user community. According to Artifex, as of version 9.03, the commercial version of Ghostscript can no longer be freely distributed for commercial purposes without purchasing a license, though the (A)GPL variant allows commercial distribution provided all code using it is released under the (A)GPL.^{[14][15][16][17]}

In February 2013, with version 9.07, Ghostscript changed its license from GPLv3 to GNU AGPL.^[18][19] which raised license compatibility questions,^{[clarification needed]} for example by Debian.^[20]

Starting with release 9.55.0 Ghostscript has two build-in PDF interpreters. Until spring 2022, up to Ghostscript version 9.56.1, the default PDF interpreters implementation itself was coded in PostScript. The new default PDF interpreter has been rewritten in C entirely, and is faster and more secure than its predecessor, while its interface and graphics library have not changed.^[21] Scripting the new C written PDF interpreter from PostScript is still possible.^[22]

Front ends

Ghostscript graphical user interfaces (GUIs) view PostScript or PDF files on screens, scroll, page forward, page backward, zoom text, and print pages. Such GUIs include Evince, IrfanView, Inkscape and PDF24 Creator. Virtual printers can also create PDF files.

Free fonts

There are several sets of free fonts supplied for Ghostscript, intended to be metrically compatible with common fonts attached with the PostScript standard.^{[23][24][25][26]} These include:

• Contributed by German foundry URW++ in 1996 under the GPL and AFPL, this collection includes 35 font styles from 10 typeface families and is therefore commonly called the URW Base 35 fonts or URW Core 35 fonts. ^{[27][28][29][30][31]} The collection is similar to the 35 fonts defined by Adobe in PostScript Level 2: Bookman L (Bookman), Century Schoolbook L (New Century Schoolbook), Chancery L (Zapf Chancery), Dingbats (Zapf Dingbats), Gothic L (Avant Garde), Nimbus Mono L (Courier), Nimbus Roman No9 L (Times), Nimbus Sans L (Helvetica), Palladio L (Palatino), Standard Symbols L (Symbol), in Type1, TrueType, and OpenType formats.
• The GhostPDL package (including Ghostscript as well as companion implementations of HP PCL and Microsoft XPS) includes additional fonts under the AFPL which bars commercial use.^[26][32] It includes URW++ versions of Garamond (Garamond No. 8), Optima (URW Classico), Arial (A030), Antique Olive, and Univers (U001), Clarendon, Coronet, Letter Gothic, as well as URW Mauritius and a modified form of Albertus known as A028. Combined with the base set, they represent a little more than half of the standard PostScript 3 font complement.
• A miscellaneous set including Cyrillic, kana, and fonts derived from the free Hershey fonts, with improvements by Thomas Wolff (such as adding accented characters).

The Ghostscript fonts were developed in the PostScript Type 1 format but have been converted into the TrueType format.^[27][26] As a result, a user can install and use the Ghostscript fonts via most modern software. Furthermore, the Ghostscript fonts are used as parts of various open source applications, e.g., the Linux version of GIMP depends on Graphviz which in turn depends on the Ghostscript fonts. ^[33][34] Finally, multiple open source font projects used glyphs from the Ghostscript fonts, e.g., the Latin characters of GNU FreeFont are based on Nimbus Mono L, Nimbus Roman No9 L, and Nimbus Sans L. ^[35] The TeX Gyre fonts are also based on 8 out of the 10 original Ghostscript typeface families. ^[36] The Garamond font has additionally been improved upon.^[37]

See also

•  Free and open-source software portal

• Common Unix Printing System
• Foomatic
• PostScript Printer Description
• Printer driver
• pstoedit

References

1. . ghostscript.com. July 10, 2002. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
2. . Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. Retrieved 2007-04-10.
3. "GPL Ghostscript 9". Ghostscript. Artifex Software, Inc. 2022-08-21. Archived from the original on 2018-09-03. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
4. . ghostscript.com. Archived from the original on 2017-09-30. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
5. Ingo, Henrik (1 August 2006). Open Life: The Philosophy of Open Source. Lulu.com. ISBN 9781847286116 – via Google Books.
6. . Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2014-08-03.
7. "Creating a Free PDF Writer Using Ghostscript". www.stat.tamu.edu. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
8. . pages.cs.wisc.edu. 2002-11-21. Archived from the original on 2016-10-25. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
9. Kraul, Chris (1989-05-02). "Printing Up a Package for Success: LaserGo Software Offers Cheaper Desktop System". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
10. . Archived from the original on 2017-09-30. Retrieved 2021-03-19. (mirror)
11. "Background information for new users of Ghostscript". pages.cs.wisc.edu.
12. . 29 June 2017. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
13. raph (2006-06-07). . Archived from the original on 2016-10-03. Retrieved 2021-03-19."I have some great news to report. The leading edge of Ghostscript development is now under GPL license, as is the latest release, Ghostscript 8.54."
14. . Artifex Software Inc. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
15. Robitaille, Jason (2009-12-04). "Copyright Infringement Lawsuit Filed Against Palm". webOS Nation. Retrieved 2021-03-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
16. "Complaint for Copyright Infringement" (PDF). 2009-12-02. p. 4: 15., p. 6: 27. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
17. "Notice of Voluntary Dismissal With Prejudice" (PDF). 2011-02-07. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
18. Liddell, Chris (2006-02-19). "[gs-devel] Ghostscript 9.07 and GhostPDL 9.07". Retrieved 2021-03-19.
19. "Licensing Information". Artifex Software Inc. Retrieved 2014-05-08.
20. Jose Luis Rivas (2014-05-06). "Re: Ghostscript licensing changed to AGPL". lists.debian.org. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
21. "Ghostscript : PDFI - The NEW Ghostscript PDF Interpreter is now the default!". www.ghostscript.com. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
22. "Ghostscript and the PostScript Language - Scripting the PDF interpreter". ghostscript.com. Retrieved 2022-08-01.
23. "Debian package - gsfonts". Retrieved 2010-04-21.
24. "Fonts and font facilities supplied with Ghostscript". Retrieved 2010-04-21.
25. "Linux fonts (mostly X11)". 2009-08-15. Retrieved 2010-04-21.
26. "doc/pcl/urwfonts (URW fonts in TTF format)". ghostscript doc. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
27. ArtifexSoftware. "urw-base35-fonts". GitHub. Retrieved 25 March 2018.
28. , archived from the original on 2002-10-23, retrieved 2010-05-06
29. Finally! Good-quality free (GPL) basic-35 PostScript Type 1 fonts. (TXT), retrieved 2010-05-06
30. "Fonts and TeX". 2009-12-19. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
31. Five years after: Report on international TEX font projects (PDF), 2007, retrieved 2010-05-06
32. "GhostPDL License". ghostscript doc. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
33. "Arch Linux - gimp". Retrieved 2022-08-04.
34. "Arch Linux - graphviz". Retrieved 2022-08-04.
35. "Gnu FreeFont: Design notes". Retrieved 2022-07-08.
36. "The TeX Gyre (TG) Collection of Fonts — GUST Web Presence". Retrieved 2022-08-04.
37. Bisson, Gaetan. "URW Garamond ttf conversions". Retrieved 18 August 2015.

External links

• Official website  
• Ghostscript version 8.56 and earlier
• Ghostscript/GhostPDL binaries download page at GitHub (cross-platform, this site is actively maintained)
• GPL Ghostscript binaries download page at SourceForge (cross-platform, this site is no longer actively maintained)