U-36 was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 25 March 1935 as part of the German Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Her keel was laid down in the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen as yard number 559 on 2 March 1936. After about eight months of construction, she was launched on 4 November 1936 and commissioned on 16 December under the command of Kptlt.Klaus Ewerth.[1]
Like all Type VIIA submarines, U-36 displaced 626 tonnes (616 long tons) while surfaced and 745 t (733 long tons) when submerged. She was 64.51 m (211 ft 8 in) in overall length and had a 45.50 m (149 ft 3 in) pressure hull. U-36's propulsion consisted of two MAN 6-cylinder 4-stroke M6V 40/46 diesel engines that totaled 2,100–2,310 PS (1,540–1,700 kW; 2,070–2,280 bhp). Her maximum rpm was between 470 and 485. The submarine was also equipped with two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 electric motors that totaled 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp). Their maximum rpm was 322. These engines gave U-36 a total speed of 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) while surfaced and 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) when submerged. This resulted in a range of 6,200 nmi (11,500 km; 7,100 mi) while traveling at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) on the surface and 73–94 nmi (135–174 km; 84–108 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) when submerged. The U-boat's test depth was 220 m (720 ft) but she could go as deep as 230–250 m (750–820 ft) without having her hull crushed.[3]
U-36's armament consisted of five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four located in the bow and one in the stern). She could have up to 11 torpedoes on board or 22 TMA or 33 TMB mines. U-36 was also equipped with a 8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun and had 220 rounds for it stowed on board. Her anti-aircraft defenses consisted of one 2 cm (0.79 in)anti-aircraft gun.[3]
Service historyedit
U-36 on a training exercise in 1936
First war patroledit
U-36 was at sea when the war broke out, having set out from Wilhelmshaven on 31 August 1939. She arrived in Kiel on 6 September and the following day departed for her first war patrol.[4] She then patrolled the North Sea for three weeks, hoping to catch ships traveling between Britain and Scandinavia carrying war supplies. During this patrol, the boat sank two steamers, Truro and Silesia—one British and the other from neutral Sweden—carrying British produce.
Seahorse, a British submarine, later fired on U-36 and subsequently claimed to have sunk her, although in fact the torpedo missed.[5] On 27 September Fröhlich and his crew captured another Swedish vessel, Algeria, which he proceeded to escort back to Germany as the patrol came to an end.[4][5] She returned to her berth in Kiel at the end of September, where she remained until December.[6]
Second war patroledit
U-36 with another U-boat in the background, at sea in 1936
On 17 November 1939, Naval High Command (SKL) issued orders for U-36 and U-38 to scout the location for Basis Nord, a secret German naval base for raids on Allied shipping located off the Kola Peninsula and provided by the Soviet Union.[7] The mission required coded messages to be flashed to Soviet naval vessels patrolling the area preceding a Soviet escort to the prospective base location.[8]
However, U-36 never left the Norwegian Sea.[8] On 4 December 1939, two days out of Wilhelmshaven, she was spotted on the surface near the Norwegian port of Stavanger by the British submarine Salmon. Salmon then fired one torpedo at her unwitting counterpart. It sank U-36, all 40 of the sailors aboard were lost.[8][9] During the same patrol, the Salmon also torpedoed the light cruisers Leipzig and Nürnberg.[10]
Following the loss of U-36, U-38 continued towards the Kola Peninsula, successfully reaching the location and accomplished the scouting mission for Basis Nord.[8]
^Helgason, Guðmundur. "Ships hit by U-36". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net.
Bibliographyedit
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). German U-boat commanders of World War II : a biographical dictionary. Translated by Brooks, Geoffrey. London, Annapolis, Md: Greenhill Books, Naval Institute Press. ISBN1-55750-186-6.
Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Der U-Boot-Krieg, 1939-1945: Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [German U-boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN3-8132-0514-2.
Gröner, Eric; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). German Warships 1815-1945: U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. Vol. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime. ISBN0-85177-593-4.
Blair, Clay (2000) [1996]. Hitler's U-boat War. Vol. 1: The Hunters, 1939–1942. New York: Modern Library. ISBN0-679-64032-0.
Philbin III, Tobias R. (1994). The Lure of Neptune: German-Soviet Naval Collaboration and Ambitions, 1919–1941. Chapel Hill: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN0-87249-992-8.
Roskill, Stephen (1998) [1960]. The Navy at War 1939–1945. Ware: Wordsworth Editions. ISBN1-85326-697-3.
Sharpe, Peter (1998). U-Boat Fact File. Midland Publishing. ISBN1-85780-072-9.
External linksedit
Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type VIIA boat U-36". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
Hofmann, Markus. "U 36". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 8 December 2014.
German submarine U-36 (1936) at Wikipedia's sister projects:
german, submarine, 1936, other, ships, with, same, name, german, submarine, german, submarine, type, viia, boat, nazi, germany, kriegsmarine, which, served, during, world, constructed, earliest, days, boat, kiel, 1936, served, navy, baltic, north, under, kapit. For other ships with the same name see German submarine U 36 German submarine U 36 was a Type VIIA U boat of Nazi Germany s Kriegsmarine which served during World War II 1 She was constructed in the earliest days of the U boat arm at Kiel in 1936 and served in the pre war Navy in the Baltic Sea and North Sea under Kapitanleutnant Kptlt Klaus Ewerth Korvettenkapitan K Kapt Wilhelm Frohlich took command in October 1938 and continued in the role until the boat was lost 1 U 36 at sea in 1936 note the boat s number on the conning tower and hull They were erased on the commencement of hostilitiesHistory Nazi Germany NameU 36 Ordered25 March 1935 BuilderGermaniawerft Kiel Cost4 189 000 Reichsmark Yard number559 Laid down2 March 1936 Launched4 November 1936 Commissioned16 December 1936 FateSunk 4 December 1939 1 General characteristics Class and typeType VIIA submarine Displacement626 tonnes 616 long tons surfaced 745 t 733 long tons submerged Length64 51 m 211 ft 8 in o a 45 50 m 149 ft 3 in pressure hull Beam5 85 m 19 ft 2 in o a 4 70 m 15 ft 5 in pressure hull Height9 50 m 31 ft 2 in Draught4 37 m 14 ft 4 in Installed power2 100 2 310 PS 1 540 1 700 kW 2 070 2 280 bhp diesels 750 PS 550 kW 740 shp electric Propulsion2 shafts 2 diesel engines 2 electric motors Speed17 knots 31 km h 20 mph surfaced 8 knots 15 km h 9 2 mph submerged Range6 200 nmi 11 500 km 7 100 mi at 10 knots 19 km h 12 mph surfaced 73 94 nmi 135 174 km 84 108 mi at 4 knots 7 4 km h 4 6 mph submerged Test depth220 m 720 ft Crush depth 230 250 m 750 820 ft Complement4 officers 40 56 enlisted Sensors and processing systemsGruppenhorchgerat Armament5 53 3 cm 21 in torpedo tubes four bow one stern 11 torpedoes or 22 TMA mines 1 8 8 cm 3 46 in deck gun 220 rounds 1 2 cm 0 79 in C 30 anti aircraft gun Service record 1 2 Part of U boat School Flotilla 16 December 1936 1 August 1939 2nd U boat Flotilla 1 September 4 December 1939Identification codes M 13 703Commanders Kptlt Klaus Ewerth 16 December 1936 31 October 1938 Kptlt K Kapt Wilhelm Frohlich 1 February 4 December 1939Operations 3 patrols 1st patrol 31 August 6 September 1939 2nd patrol 7 30 September 1939 3rd patrol 2 4 December 1939Victories 2 merchant ships sunk 2 813 GRT 1 merchant ship taken as prize 1 617 GRT During her service U 36 undertook three patrols 1 pre war and 2 war but was sunk by a torpedo fired by HMS Salmon She was lost with all hands Contents 1 Construction and design 1 1 Construction 1 2 Design 2 Service history 2 1 First war patrol 2 2 Second war patrol 3 Summary of raiding history 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksConstruction and design editConstruction edit nbsp U 36 is commissioned December 1936 U 36 was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 25 March 1935 as part of the German Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles Her keel was laid down in the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen as yard number 559 on 2 March 1936 After about eight months of construction she was launched on 4 November 1936 and commissioned on 16 December under the command of Kptlt Klaus Ewerth 1 Design edit Main article German Type VII submarine Like all Type VIIA submarines U 36 displaced 626 tonnes 616 long tons while surfaced and 745 t 733 long tons when submerged She was 64 51 m 211 ft 8 in in overall length and had a 45 50 m 149 ft 3 in pressure hull U 36 s propulsion consisted of two MAN 6 cylinder 4 stroke M6V 40 46 diesel engines that totaled 2 100 2 310 PS 1 540 1 700 kW 2 070 2 280 bhp Her maximum rpm was between 470 and 485 The submarine was also equipped with two Brown Boveri amp Cie GG UB 720 8 electric motors that totaled 750 PS 550 kW 740 shp Their maximum rpm was 322 These engines gave U 36 a total speed of 17 knots 31 km h 20 mph while surfaced and 8 knots 15 km h 9 2 mph when submerged This resulted in a range of 6 200 nmi 11 500 km 7 100 mi while traveling at 10 knots 19 km h 12 mph on the surface and 73 94 nmi 135 174 km 84 108 mi at 4 knots 7 4 km h 4 6 mph when submerged The U boat s test depth was 220 m 720 ft but she could go as deep as 230 250 m 750 820 ft without having her hull crushed 3 U 36 s armament consisted of five 53 3 cm 21 in torpedo tubes four located in the bow and one in the stern She could have up to 11 torpedoes on board or 22 TMA or 33 TMB mines U 36 was also equipped with a 8 8 cm SK C 35 naval gun and had 220 rounds for it stowed on board Her anti aircraft defenses consisted of one 2 cm 0 79 in anti aircraft gun 3 Service history edit nbsp U 36 on a training exercise in 1936 First war patrol edit U 36 was at sea when the war broke out having set out from Wilhelmshaven on 31 August 1939 She arrived in Kiel on 6 September and the following day departed for her first war patrol 4 She then patrolled the North Sea for three weeks hoping to catch ships traveling between Britain and Scandinavia carrying war supplies During this patrol the boat sank two steamers Truro and Silesia one British and the other from neutral Sweden carrying British produce Seahorse a British submarine later fired on U 36 and subsequently claimed to have sunk her although in fact the torpedo missed 5 On 27 September Frohlich and his crew captured another Swedish vessel Algeria which he proceeded to escort back to Germany as the patrol came to an end 4 5 She returned to her berth in Kiel at the end of September where she remained until December 6 Second war patrol edit nbsp U 36 with another U boat in the background at sea in 1936 On 17 November 1939 Naval High Command SKL issued orders for U 36 and U 38 to scout the location for Basis Nord a secret German naval base for raids on Allied shipping located off the Kola Peninsula and provided by the Soviet Union 7 The mission required coded messages to be flashed to Soviet naval vessels patrolling the area preceding a Soviet escort to the prospective base location 8 However U 36 never left the Norwegian Sea 8 On 4 December 1939 two days out of Wilhelmshaven she was spotted on the surface near the Norwegian port of Stavanger by the British submarine Salmon Salmon then fired one torpedo at her unwitting counterpart It sank U 36 all 40 of the sailors aboard were lost 8 9 During the same patrol the Salmon also torpedoed the light cruisers Leipzig and Nurnberg 10 Following the loss of U 36 U 38 continued towards the Kola Peninsula successfully reaching the location and accomplished the scouting mission for Basis Nord 8 Summary of raiding history editDate Ship Nationality Tonnage GRT Fate 11 15 September 1939 Truro nbsp United Kingdom 974 Sunk 6 25 September 1939 Silesia nbsp Sweden 1 839 Sunk 6 27 September 1939 Algeria nbsp Sweden 1 617 Captured as prize 4 References edit a b c d e Helgason Gudmundur The Type VIIA boat U 36 German U boats of WWII uboat net Retrieved 19 December 2009 Helgason Gudmundur War Patrols by U 36 German U boats of WWII uboat net Retrieved 19 December 2009 a b Groner 1991 pp 43 44 a b c U Boat Operations U 36 ubootwaffe net Archived from the original on 16 May 2012 Retrieved 21 August 2010 a b Blair 2000 p 96 a b c Helgason Gudmundur Patrol info for U 36 First patrol German U boats of WWII uboat net Retrieved 18 December 2009 Philbin 1994 p 95 a b c d Philbin 1994 p 96 Helgason Gudmundur Patrol info for U 36 Second patrol German U boats of WWII uboat net Retrieved 18 December 2009 Roskill 1998 p 58 Helgason Gudmundur Ships hit by U 36 German U boats of WWII uboat net Bibliography editBusch Rainer Roll Hans Joachim 1999 German U boat commanders of World War II a biographical dictionary Translated by Brooks Geoffrey London Annapolis Md Greenhill Books Naval Institute Press ISBN 1 55750 186 6 Busch Rainer Roll Hans Joachim 1999 Der U Boot Krieg 1939 1945 Deutsche U Boot Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 German U boat losses from September 1939 to May 1945 in German Vol IV Hamburg Berlin Bonn Mittler ISBN 3 8132 0514 2 Groner Eric Jung Dieter Maass Martin 1991 German Warships 1815 1945 U boats and Mine Warfare Vessels Vol 2 Translated by Thomas Keith Magowan Rachel London Conway Maritime ISBN 0 85177 593 4 Blair Clay 2000 1996 Hitler s U boat War Vol 1 The Hunters 1939 1942 New York Modern Library ISBN 0 679 64032 0 Philbin III Tobias R 1994 The Lure of Neptune German Soviet Naval Collaboration and Ambitions 1919 1941 Chapel Hill University of South Carolina Press ISBN 0 87249 992 8 Roskill Stephen 1998 1960 The Navy at War 1939 1945 Ware Wordsworth Editions ISBN 1 85326 697 3 Sharpe Peter 1998 U Boat Fact File Midland Publishing ISBN 1 85780 072 9 External links editHelgason Gudmundur The Type VIIA boat U 36 German U boats of WWII uboat net Retrieved 17 February 2015 Hofmann Markus U 36 Deutsche U Boote 1935 1945 u boot archiv de in German Retrieved 8 December 2014 German submarine U 36 1936 at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons 57 00 N 5 02 E 57 000 N 5 033 E 57 000 5 033 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title German submarine U 36 1936 amp oldid 1218555418, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
