Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈɡæ̂rhɑɖ ɑrˈmæ̀ʉər ˈhɑ̂nsn̩]; 29 July 1841 – 12 February 1912) was a Norwegian physician, remembered for his identification of the bacteriumMycobacterium leprae in 1873 as the causative agent of leprosy.[1][2] His distinguished work was recognized at the International Leprosy Congress held at Bergen in 1909.[3]
Leprosy was regarded as largely hereditary or otherwise miasmic in origin. Hansen concluded on the basis of epidemiological studies that leprosy was a specific disease with a specific cause.[5] In 1870–71 Hansen travelled to Bonn and Vienna to gain the training necessary for him to prove his hypothesis.[6] In 1873, he announced the discovery of Mycobacterium leprae in the tissues of all people with the condition, although he did not identify them as bacteria, and received little support.[6] The discovery was made with a "new and better" microscope.[7]
In 1879 Hansen gave tissue samples to Albert Neisser, who then successfully stained the bacteria and announced his findings in 1880, claiming to have discovered the disease-causing organism. There was some dispute between Neisser and Hansen, Hansen as discoverer of the bacillus and Neisser as identifier of it as the etiological agent. Neisser tried to downplay the assistance of Hansen. Hansen's claim was weakened by his failure to produce a pure microbiological culture in an artificial medium, or to prove that the rod-shaped organisms were infectious. Further Hansen had attempted to infect at least one female patient without consent and although no damage was caused, that case ended in court and Hansen lost his post at the hospital.[8]
Hansen remained medical officer for leprosy in Norway and it was through his efforts that the leprosy acts of 1877 and 1885 were passed, leading to a steady decline of the disease in Norway from 1,800 known cases in 1875 to just 575 cases in 1901.
In Jerusalem, a 19th-century leprosarium has borne Hansen's name since 1950. It has been reconstructed into an art center while preserving the physician's surname in its title.[15]
Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia under the ministry of Health is named after Hansen. AHRI is a Biomedical research Institute in Ethiopia working in tuberculosis, HIV, malaria, leishmaniasis training, and research.https://ahri.gov.et/[16]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gerhard Armauer Hansen.
References
^Hansen GHA (1874). "Undersøgelser Angående Spedalskhedens Årsager (Investigations concerning the etiology of leprosy)". Norsk Mag. Laegervidenskaben (in Norwegian). 4: 1–88.
^Irgens L (2002). "The discovery of the leprosy bacillus". Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 122 (7): 708–9. PMID 11998735.
^Svein Atle Skålevåg. "Gerhard Armauer Hansen". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
^Jay, Venita (2000). "The Legacy of Armauer Hansen". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 124 (4): 496–497. doi:10.5858/2000-124-0496-TLOAH. PMID 10747301.
^Irgens L; Rabson, S. M. (1984). "The discovery of Mycobacterium leprae. A medical achievement in the light of evolving scientific methods". Am J Dermatopathol. 6 (4): 337–43. doi:10.1097/00000372-198408000-00008. PMID 6388392.
^ ab"Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen". whonamedit.com. Retrieved 22 March 2007.
^Bergenseren som løste lepra-gåten Aaftenposten . 16 September 2012
^Ole Didrik Lærum. "Gerhard Armauer Hansen, Lege". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
^Biography of Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen whonamedit.com
^Gerhard Armauer Hansen (1814–1912) 23 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, vol 63, March, 2015
^Aasen, Elisabeth (2020). Bergens små og store døtre. Bergen: Bodoni forlag. ISBN978-8284030722.
gerhard, armauer, hansen, gerhard, henrik, armauer, hansen, norwegian, pronunciation, ˈɡæ, rhɑɖ, ɑrˈmæ, ʉər, ˈhɑ, july, 1841, february, 1912, norwegian, physician, remembered, identification, bacterium, mycobacterium, leprae, 1873, causative, agent, leprosy, d. Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen Norwegian pronunciation ˈɡae rhɑɖ ɑrˈmae ʉer ˈhɑ nsn 29 July 1841 12 February 1912 was a Norwegian physician remembered for his identification of the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae in 1873 as the causative agent of leprosy 1 2 His distinguished work was recognized at the International Leprosy Congress held at Bergen in 1909 3 Gerhard Henrik Armauer HansenGerhard Armauer HansenBorn 1841 07 29 29 July 1841Bergen NorwayDied12 February 1912 1912 02 12 aged 70 Floro NorwayAlma materUniversity of OsloAwardsRoyal Norwegian Order of St OlavScientific careerFieldsEpidemiologyBust of Dr Armauer Hansen Botanical garden University of Bergen Norway Contents 1 Life 2 Women s rights 3 Honors 4 References 5 External linksLife EditHansen was born in Bergen Norway and attended the Bergen Cathedral School He worked at Rikshospitalet in Christiania now Oslo and as a doctor in Lofoten In 1868 Hansen returned to Bergen to study leprosy while working at Lungegard Hospital Lungegardshospitalet with Daniel Cornelius Danielssen a noted expert 4 Leprosy was regarded as largely hereditary or otherwise miasmic in origin Hansen concluded on the basis of epidemiological studies that leprosy was a specific disease with a specific cause 5 In 1870 71 Hansen travelled to Bonn and Vienna to gain the training necessary for him to prove his hypothesis 6 In 1873 he announced the discovery of Mycobacterium leprae in the tissues of all people with the condition although he did not identify them as bacteria and received little support 6 The discovery was made with a new and better microscope 7 In 1879 Hansen gave tissue samples to Albert Neisser who then successfully stained the bacteria and announced his findings in 1880 claiming to have discovered the disease causing organism There was some dispute between Neisser and Hansen Hansen as discoverer of the bacillus and Neisser as identifier of it as the etiological agent Neisser tried to downplay the assistance of Hansen Hansen s claim was weakened by his failure to produce a pure microbiological culture in an artificial medium or to prove that the rod shaped organisms were infectious Further Hansen had attempted to infect at least one female patient without consent and although no damage was caused that case ended in court and Hansen lost his post at the hospital 8 Hansen remained medical officer for leprosy in Norway and it was through his efforts that the leprosy acts of 1877 and 1885 were passed leading to a steady decline of the disease in Norway from 1 800 known cases in 1875 to just 575 cases in 1901 Hansen had had syphilis since the 1860s but died of heart disease He was an atheist 9 10 Women s rights EditHe was a co founder and a board member of the Bergen chapter of the Norwegian Association for Women s Rights led by his sister prominent women s rights advocate Amalie Hansen 11 12 Honors EditLeprosy Museum Lepramuseet at St Jorgen Hospital in Bergen has been dedicated to Hansen 13 Haukeland University Hospital has established Armauer Hansens hus as a research facility operated by the University of Bergen 14 In Jerusalem a 19th century leprosarium has borne Hansen s name since 1950 It has been reconstructed into an art center while preserving the physician s surname in its title 15 Armauer Hansen Research Institute AHRI in Addis Ababa Ethiopia under the ministry of Health is named after Hansen AHRI is a Biomedical research Institute in Ethiopia working in tuberculosis HIV malaria leishmaniasis training and research https ahri gov et 16 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gerhard Armauer Hansen References Edit Hansen GHA 1874 Undersogelser Angaende Spedalskhedens Arsager Investigations concerning the etiology of leprosy Norsk Mag Laegervidenskaben in Norwegian 4 1 88 Irgens L 2002 The discovery of the leprosy bacillus Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 122 7 708 9 PMID 11998735 Svein Atle Skalevag Gerhard Armauer Hansen Store norske leksikon Retrieved 1 January 2017 Jay Venita 2000 The Legacy of Armauer Hansen Archives of Pathology amp Laboratory Medicine 124 4 496 497 doi 10 5858 2000 124 0496 TLOAH PMID 10747301 Irgens L Rabson S M 1984 The discovery of Mycobacterium leprae A medical achievement in the light of evolving scientific methods Am J Dermatopathol 6 4 337 43 doi 10 1097 00000372 198408000 00008 PMID 6388392 a b Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen whonamedit com Retrieved 22 March 2007 Bergenseren som loste lepra gaten Aaftenposten 16 September 2012 Ole Didrik Laerum Gerhard Armauer Hansen Lege Norsk biografisk leksikon Retrieved 1 January 2017 Biography of Gerhard Henrik Armauer Hansen whonamedit com Gerhard Armauer Hansen 1814 1912 Archived 23 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine Journal of the Association of Physicians of India vol 63 March 2015 Aasen Elisabeth 2020 Bergens sma og store dotre Bergen Bodoni forlag ISBN 978 8284030722 Bergen Kvinnesaksforening Arkivportalen St Jorgen hospital Lepramuseet Medisinsk historie i Bergen 6 May 2015 Retrieved 1 January 2017 Armauer Hansens hus Haukeland universitetssjukehus 6 May 2015 Retrieved 1 January 2017 The Hansen Compound From Leper Hospital to Multimedia Art Center israelightly wordpress com 31 May 2013 Armauer Hansen Research Institute https ahri gov et ahri gov et a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a External link in code class cs1 code title code help External links EditWorks by or about Gerhard Armauer Hansen at Internet Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gerhard Armauer Hansen amp oldid 1163224758, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
