In 1879, backed by James Gordon Bennett Jr.—owner of the New York Herald—and under the auspices of the United States Navy, Lieutenant Commander De Long sailed from San Francisco on the ship USS Jeannette with a plan to find a way to the North Pole via the Bering Strait.[2] As well as collecting scientific data and animal specimens, De Long discovered three islands and claimed them for the United States in the summer of 1881.[2] The government did not endorse this claim, and the islands are under Russian jurisdiction.
The ship became trapped in the ice pack in the Chukchi Sea northeast of Wrangel Island in September 1879. It drifted in the ice pack in a northwesterly direction until it was crushed in the shifting ice and sank on June 12, 1881, in the East Siberian Sea. De Long and his crew then traversed the ice pack to try to reach Siberia pulling three small boats.
After reaching open water on September 11 they became separated and one boat, commanded by Executive Officer Charles W. Chipp, was lost; no trace of it was ever found. De Long's own boat reached land, but only two men sent ahead for aid survived. The third boat, under the command of Chief Engineer George W. Melville, reached the Lena Delta and its crew were rescued.[2] Melville later found and brought to the U.S. the ships log books which now sit in the U.S. National Archives.[3]
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De Long died of starvation near Matvay Hut, Yakutia. Melville returned a few months later and found the bodies of De Long and his boat crew. Overall, the doomed voyage took the lives of 20 expedition members, as well as additional men lost during the search operations.[2] De Long's death – and that of the other men – was assumed to have occurred at or about the end of October. By direction of the United States government, the remains of De Long and his companions were brought home and interred with honour in his native city.[4]
His journal, in which he made regular entries up to the day on which he died, was edited by his wife and published in 1883 under the title Voyage of the "Jeannette", and an account of the search which was made for him and his comrades by Melville was published a year later under the title of In the Lena Delta.[4]
^"Special Report: Icebound - the climate-change secrets of 19th century ship's logbooks". Reuters. 11 December 2019.
^ abOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "De Long, George Washington". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 970.
Kam, Ralph Thomas (2009). "Commemorating the Grand Army of the Republic in Hawaiʻi: 1882–1930". Hawaiian Journal of History. 43. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 125–151. hdl:10524/12242.
george, long, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, november, 201. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources George W De Long news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message George Washington De Long August 22 1844 c October 31 1881 was a United States Navy officer and explorer who led the ill fated Jeannette expedition of 1879 1881 in search of the Open Polar Sea George W De LongDe Long before 1879Birth nameGeorge Francis a De LongBorn 1844 08 22 August 22 1844New York City New York U S Diedc October 31 1881 1881 10 31 aged 37 Yakutia Siberia RussiaBuriedWoodlawn Cemetery BronxBranchUnited States NavyService years1865 1881RankLieutenant commanderExpeditionJeannette expeditionAwardsGold Jeannette Medal 1890 MemorialsJeannette MonumentSpouse s Emma Wotton De Long Contents 1 Career 1 1 Jeannette expedition 2 Death 2 1 Legacy 3 References 3 1 Notes 3 2 Footnotes 3 3 Bibliography 4 External linksCareer editJeannette expedition edit Main article Jeannette expedition In 1879 backed by James Gordon Bennett Jr owner of the New York Herald and under the auspices of the United States Navy Lieutenant Commander De Long sailed from San Francisco on the ship USS Jeannette with a plan to find a way to the North Pole via the Bering Strait 2 As well as collecting scientific data and animal specimens De Long discovered three islands and claimed them for the United States in the summer of 1881 2 The government did not endorse this claim and the islands are under Russian jurisdiction The ship became trapped in the ice pack in the Chukchi Sea northeast of Wrangel Island in September 1879 It drifted in the ice pack in a northwesterly direction until it was crushed in the shifting ice and sank on June 12 1881 in the East Siberian Sea De Long and his crew then traversed the ice pack to try to reach Siberia pulling three small boats After reaching open water on September 11 they became separated and one boat commanded by Executive Officer Charles W Chipp was lost no trace of it was ever found De Long s own boat reached land but only two men sent ahead for aid survived The third boat under the command of Chief Engineer George W Melville reached the Lena Delta and its crew were rescued 2 Melville later found and brought to the U S the ships log books which now sit in the U S National Archives 3 Death editDe Long died of starvation near Matvay Hut Yakutia Melville returned a few months later and found the bodies of De Long and his boat crew Overall the doomed voyage took the lives of 20 expedition members as well as additional men lost during the search operations 2 De Long s death and that of the other men was assumed to have occurred at or about the end of October By direction of the United States government the remains of De Long and his companions were brought home and interred with honour in his native city 4 Legacy edit In 1890 the officers and men of the United States Navy dedicated the Jeannette Monument a granite and marble monument designed by George P Colvocoresses a cross with carved icicles hanging from it that sits atop a cairn The 24 foot 7 3 m high structure is in the United States Naval Academy Cemetery overlooking the Severn River His journal in which he made regular entries up to the day on which he died was edited by his wife and published in 1883 under the title Voyage of the Jeannette and an account of the search which was made for him and his comrades by Melville was published a year later under the title of In the Lena Delta 4 Union veterans in the Kingdom of Hawai i on September 23 1882 named the post of the Grand Army of the Republic there after him 5 Two United States Navy ships have been named USS DeLong after George W De Long In addition to the De Long Islands the De Long Mountains in northwest Alaska and the De Long Fjord in Greenland bear his name References editNotes edit De Long thought his middle name Francis sounded feminine He had it legally changed to Washington in 1860 1 Footnotes edit Sides 2015 p 35 a b c d Sides 2015 Special Report Icebound the climate change secrets of 19th century ship s logbooks Reuters 11 December 2019 a b nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 De Long George Washington Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 7 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 970 Kam 2009 p 126 Bibliography edit Danenhower J W 1882 Lieutenant Danenhower s Narrative of the Jeannette Boston James R Osgood amp Co OCLC 3109240 De Long E W 1938 Explorer s Wife Introduction by Vilhjalmur Stefansson New York Dodd Mead amp Co OCLC 1509876 De Long G W 1884 The Voyage of the Jeannette The Ship and Ice Journals of George W De Long Boston Houghton Mifflin OCLC 4285879 Ellsberg E 1938 Hell on Ice the Saga of the Jeannette New York Dodd Mead amp Co OCLC 486495 Kam Ralph Thomas 2009 Commemorating the Grand Army of the Republic in Hawaiʻi 1882 1930 Hawaiian Journal of History 43 Honolulu Hawaiian Historical Society 125 151 hdl 10524 12242 Guttridge G F 1986 Icebound the Jeannette Expedition s quest for the North Pole Annapolis Naval Institute Press ISBN 9780870213304 Melville G W 1885 In the Lena Delta A Narrative London Longmans Green amp Co OCLC 18786362 Muir J 1917 The Cruise of the Corwin Journal of the Arctic Expedition of 1881 Boston Houghton Mifflin OCLC 293826 Robinson M F 2006 The Coldest Crucible Arctic Exploration and American Culture University of Chicago Press ISBN 9780226721842 Sides H 2015 In the Kingdom of Ice The Grand and Terrible Polar Voyage of the USS Jeannette London Oneworld ISBN 9781780745213 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to George W De Long Works by George W De Long at Biodiversity Heritage Library nbsp Works by George W De Long at Open Library nbsp Works by or about George W De Long at Internet Archive Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title George W De Long amp oldid 1210430112, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
