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Jirjis al-Makin Ibn al-'Amid

January 01, 1970

This article is about the historian. For his later relative, the theologian, see Al-Makīn Jirjis ibn al-ʿAmīd the Younger.

Jirjis al-Makīn (Arabic: جرجس المكين; 1206–after 1280, maybe 1293), known by his nisba Ibn al-ʿAmīd (Arabic: ابن العميد), was a Coptic Christian historian who wrote in Arabic. His name is sometimes anglicised as George Elmacin (Latin: Georgius Elmacinus).

Life edit

Several details about his ancestors and some biographical elements are provided in his own history. He is also mentioned in the biographical dictionary of Ibn al-Ṣuqāʿī (d. 1325) and in a polemical tract by Ibn al-Wāsiṭī (d. 1312). He was born in Cairo in Ayyubid Egypt on February 18, 1206. His full name in Arabic was Ğirğis (George) ibn al-ʿAmīd Abī l-Yāsir ibn Abī l-Makārim ibn Abī l-Ṭayyib al-Makīn ("the Powerful One").[1] His great-grandfather was a merchant from Tikrit in Iraq who settled in Egypt.[2]

He was a Coptic Christian, and held high office in the military (dīwān al-ğayš) in Damascus. Such a position carried risks. He was twice imprisoned, possibly because of links to the unrest in Syria at the time of the Mongol invasion; in one case for over a decade.[3] While in prison, he began to write his chronicle.[4]

He died in Damascus: the date given by his biographer Ibn al-Ṣuqāʿī is 1273, but this is likely to be a mistake for 1293 (respectively, 672 and 692 of the Hijri calendar: 7 and 9 are often confused in Arabic manuscripts).[5]

Works edit

He is the author of a world chronicle in two parts. It is traditionally known as al-Majmu` al-Mubarak (The blessed collection), but in fact its real title is simply Kitāb al-Taʾrīḫ (Book of History/of Chronology). The first portion runs from Adam down to the 11th year of Heraclius and consists of a series of 166 numbered biographies, in some manuscripts ending with a list of the Patriarchs of the Church of Alexandria. The second half is devoted to Islamic history, from the time of Muḥammad to the accession of the Mamluk Sultan Baybars in 1260. This second half is mainly derived from al-Ṭabarī, as the author tells us, through Ibn Wāṣil.

The Kitāb al-Taʾrīḫ is essentially a learned compilation of earlier sources: the Bible first and foremost, the world chronology of Ibn al-Rahib, but also the works of the Melkite authors Ibn Biṭrīq (Eutychius of Alexandria) and Agapius (al-Manbiǧī), the Josippon, hermetic sources, and a mysterious Rūzbihān, who is credited with a history of pre-Islamic Persia. The book proved influential among different readerships: Eastern Christians, Muslim historians, and early modern Arabists. It is preserved in more than 40 manuscripts in different recensions. In particular, it was used by the 14-15th century Mamluk historians Ibn Khaldūn, al-Qalqashandī, and al-Maqrīzī.[6]

The second half of the Kitāb al-Taʾrīḫ was published in Arabic with Latin translation in Leiden in 1625. It was the fact of Thomas Erpenius, although it was completed and published posthumously by his disciple Golius. The Historia Saracenica, as Erpenius entitled it, was a breakthrough in European knowledge of Islamic history and it was soon translated into French by Pierre Vattier as L'Histoire mahometane (Paris, 1657).[7] An abbreviated English translation was also made from the Latin by Samuel Purchas as early as 1626. The edition and translation by Erpenius was one of the first ever made of an Arabic text in early modern Europe and suffers accordingly from the lack of lexica. It has been only partially emended by a new Egyptian edition by ʿAlī Bakr Ḥasan (Cairo, 2010, unfortunately on the same two manuscripts that were used by Erpenius).[8]

The work is still partly unedited. In 2023 Martino Diez published a critical edition with English translation of the first quarter, from Adam to the end of the Achaemenids, which is expected to be followed by a second volume from Alexander the Great to Heraclius. The last part, from the author's birth to the end of the work, was edited by Claude Cahen [9] and translated into French by Anne-Marie Eddé and Françoise Micheau.[10]

An Ethiopic translation of the whole work also exists. From the manuscript British Library, Oriental 814, E. Wallis Budge translated the chapter on Alexander the Great, which contains verbatim extracts from the old Arabic Hermetic work al-Isṭimākhīs.[11]

Muffaḍḍal ibn Abī l-Faḍāʾil, who may have been the author's great-nephew, wrote a continuation of the chronicle to the death of al-Nāṣir Muḥammad ibn Qalāwūn in 1341. This appendix mainly covers secular history, with only limited references to events in the Coptic community. The continuation was apparently written for personal use and has been edited and translated in European languages: from the beginning to 1317 by Edgar Blochet, in French; from 1317 to the end by Samira Kortantamer, in German.[12]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Graf, Geschichte vol. 2, p. 348; Witakowski p. 293, n. 53
  2. ^ Seleznyov, Nikolai N., "Koptskij istorik" - potomok vyhodtsa iz Tikrita: al-Makin ibn al-ʿAmid i ego "Istorija", in: Tochki/Punkta 1-2/10 (2011), pp. 45-53.
  3. ^ Gawdat Gabra, Historical Dictionary of the Coptic Church, Scarecrow Press (2008), ISBN 978-0-8108-6097-1. p. 22.
  4. ^ Martino Diez, al-Makīn Ǧirǧis Ibn al-ʿAmīd, Universal History. The Vulgate Recension, Part 1 - Section 1: From Adam to the End of the Achaemenids (Chapters 1–91), Brill: Leiden 2023, p. 23.
  5. ^ Diez 2023, pp. 23-26, based on Awad, “al-Makīn Ǧirǧis ibn al-ʿAmīd wa-tārīḫuhu,” pp. 23–24.
  6. ^ Diez 2023 pp. 143-151.
  7. ^   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Elmacin, George". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 296.
  8. ^ Taʾrīḫ al-Makīn: Taʾrīḫ al-muslimīn min Ṣāḥib Šarīʿat al-Islām Abī l-Qāsim Muḥammad ḥattā l-dawla al-atābakiyya, ed. ʿAlī Bakr Ḥasan, al-Qāhira: Dār al-ʿAwāṣim, 2010.
  9. ^ “Claude Cahen, "La ‘Chronique des Ayyoubides’ d’al-Makīn b. al-ʿAmīd,” Bulletin d’études orientales, 15 (1955–1957), pp. 109–184.
  10. ^ Eddé, Anne-Marie and Françoise Micheau (trans.), Al-Makīn Ibn al-ʿAmīd, Chronique des Ayyoubides (602–658/1205-6-1259-60). Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1994.
  11. ^ Graf, GCAL vol. 2, p. 351.
  12. ^ Diez 2023, pp. 28-29.

Bibliography edit

Editions and Translations edit

  • Martino Diez, al-Makīn Ǧirǧis Ibn al-ʿAmīd: Universal History: The Vulgate Recension. From Adam to the End of the Achaemenids, Leiden: Brill.com (2024), ISBN 978-90-04-54998-2. Critical edition with English translation and introduction.
  • Thomas Erpenius, Historia Saracenica […], Arabicè olim exarata a Georgio Elmacino fil. Abuljaseri Elamidi f. Abulmacaremi f. Abultibi, et Latinè reddita operâ ac studio Thomae Erpenii […], Lugduni Batavorum [Leiden]: ex Typographia Erpeniana Linguarum Orientalium, 1625.
    • The Saracentical historie ... Written in Arabike by George Elmacin ... And translated into Latine by Thomas Erpenius ... Englished, abridged, and continued to the end of the Chalifa's, by Samuel Purchas ...: p. [1009]-1047, incl. special t.p. -- the 4th part of Pvrchas his Pilgrimage..., 4th ed (?) London (1626).
  • ʿAlī Bakr Ḥasan, Taʾrīḫ al-Makīn: Taʾrīḫ al-muslimīn min Ṣāḥib Šarīʿat al-Islām Abī l-Qāsim Muḥammad ḥattā l-dawla al-atābakiyya, al-Qāhira: Dār al-ʿAwāṣim, 2010.
  • Claude Cahen, "La ‘Chronique des Ayyoubides’ d’al-Makīn b. al-ʿAmīd,” Bulletin d’études orientales, 15 (1955–1957), pp. 109–184, JSTOR 41603260.
    • Al-Makin Ibn Al-Amid, Chronique des Ayyoubides (602-658 / 1205/6-1259/60), Tr. Anne-Marie Eddé et Françoise Micheau, Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1994, ISBN 2-87754-001-4. 148pp. -- French translation of the portion from 1205 to 1259.

Studies edit

  • Georg Graf, Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur, volume 2. Lists manuscripts of the work.
  • M. Th. Houtsma, E. van Donzel, E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, p. 173f. At Google books
  • Awad, Wadi Abullif, “al-Makīn Ǧirǧis ibn al-ʿAmīd wa-tārīḫuhu. al-Ǧuzʾ al-awwal: al-maṣādir wa-l-marāǧiʿ, wa-l-sīra,” in: Wadi Awad (ed.), Actes de la septième rencontre des Amis du patrimoine arabe-chrétien, Cairo: The Franciscan Centre of Christian Oriental Studies, 1999, pp. 5–24.
  • Witold Witakowski, Ethiopic Universal Chronography in Martin Wallraff, Julius Africanus und die christliche Weltchronistik, deGruyter (2006) pp. 285–301.
  • Gawdat Gabra, Historical Dictionary of the Coptic Church, Scarecrow Press (2008), ISBN 978-0-8108-6097-1. pp. 22–23.
  • Samuel Moawad, “al-Makīn Jirjis ibn al-ʿAmīd (the elder),” Christian Muslim Relations, vol. 4 (2012), pp. 566–571.

External links edit

  • Manuscripts of the history of al-Makin.

January 01, 1970
jirjis, makin, amid, this, article, about, historian, later, relative, theologian, makīn, jirjis, ʿamīd, younger, jirjis, makīn, arabic, جرجس, المكين, 1206, after, 1280, maybe, 1293, known, nisba, ʿamīd, arabic, ابن, العميد, coptic, christian, historian, wrote. This article is about the historian For his later relative the theologian see Al Makin Jirjis ibn al ʿAmid the Younger Jirjis al Makin Arabic جرجس المكين 1206 after 1280 maybe 1293 known by his nisba Ibn al ʿAmid Arabic ابن العميد was a Coptic Christian historian who wrote in Arabic His name is sometimes anglicised as George Elmacin Latin Georgius Elmacinus Contents 1 Life 2 Works 3 References 3 1 Citations 3 2 Bibliography 3 2 1 Editions and Translations 3 2 2 Studies 4 External linksLife editSeveral details about his ancestors and some biographical elements are provided in his own history He is also mentioned in the biographical dictionary of Ibn al Ṣuqaʿi d 1325 and in a polemical tract by Ibn al Wasiṭi d 1312 He was born in Cairo in Ayyubid Egypt on February 18 1206 His full name in Arabic was Girgis George ibn al ʿAmid Abi l Yasir ibn Abi l Makarim ibn Abi l Ṭayyib al Makin the Powerful One 1 His great grandfather was a merchant from Tikrit in Iraq who settled in Egypt 2 He was a Coptic Christian and held high office in the military diwan al gays in Damascus Such a position carried risks He was twice imprisoned possibly because of links to the unrest in Syria at the time of the Mongol invasion in one case for over a decade 3 While in prison he began to write his chronicle 4 He died in Damascus the date given by his biographer Ibn al Ṣuqaʿi is 1273 but this is likely to be a mistake for 1293 respectively 672 and 692 of the Hijri calendar 7 and 9 are often confused in Arabic manuscripts 5 Works editHe is the author of a world chronicle in two parts It is traditionally known as al Majmu al Mubarak The blessed collection but in fact its real title is simply Kitab al Taʾriḫ Book of History of Chronology The first portion runs from Adam down to the 11th year of Heraclius and consists of a series of 166 numbered biographies in some manuscripts ending with a list of the Patriarchs of the Church of Alexandria The second half is devoted to Islamic history from the time of Muḥammad to the accession of the Mamluk Sultan Baybars in 1260 This second half is mainly derived from al Ṭabari as the author tells us through Ibn Waṣil The Kitab al Taʾriḫ is essentially a learned compilation of earlier sources the Bible first and foremost the world chronology of Ibn al Rahib but also the works of the Melkite authors Ibn Biṭriq Eutychius of Alexandria and Agapius al Manbiǧi the Josippon hermetic sources and a mysterious Ruzbihan who is credited with a history of pre Islamic Persia The book proved influential among different readerships Eastern Christians Muslim historians and early modern Arabists It is preserved in more than 40 manuscripts in different recensions In particular it was used by the 14 15th century Mamluk historians Ibn Khaldun al Qalqashandi and al Maqrizi 6 The second half of the Kitab al Taʾriḫ was published in Arabic with Latin translation in Leiden in 1625 It was the fact of Thomas Erpenius although it was completed and published posthumously by his disciple Golius The Historia Saracenica as Erpenius entitled it was a breakthrough in European knowledge of Islamic history and it was soon translated into French by Pierre Vattier as L Histoire mahometane Paris 1657 7 An abbreviated English translation was also made from the Latin by Samuel Purchas as early as 1626 The edition and translation by Erpenius was one of the first ever made of an Arabic text in early modern Europe and suffers accordingly from the lack of lexica It has been only partially emended by a new Egyptian edition by ʿAli Bakr Ḥasan Cairo 2010 unfortunately on the same two manuscripts that were used by Erpenius 8 The work is still partly unedited In 2023 Martino Diez published a critical edition with English translation of the first quarter from Adam to the end of the Achaemenids which is expected to be followed by a second volume from Alexander the Great to Heraclius The last part from the author s birth to the end of the work was edited by Claude Cahen 9 and translated into French by Anne Marie Edde and Francoise Micheau 10 An Ethiopic translation of the whole work also exists From the manuscript British Library Oriental 814 E Wallis Budge translated the chapter on Alexander the Great which contains verbatim extracts from the old Arabic Hermetic work al Isṭimakhis 11 Muffaḍḍal ibn Abi l Faḍaʾil who may have been the author s great nephew wrote a continuation of the chronicle to the death of al Naṣir Muḥammad ibn Qalawun in 1341 This appendix mainly covers secular history with only limited references to events in the Coptic community The continuation was apparently written for personal use and has been edited and translated in European languages from the beginning to 1317 by Edgar Blochet in French from 1317 to the end by Samira Kortantamer in German 12 References editCitations edit Graf Geschichte vol 2 p 348 Witakowski p 293 n 53 Seleznyov Nikolai N Koptskij istorik potomok vyhodtsa iz Tikrita al Makin ibn al ʿAmid i ego Istorija in Tochki Punkta 1 2 10 2011 pp 45 53 Gawdat Gabra Historical Dictionary of the Coptic Church Scarecrow Press 2008 ISBN 978 0 8108 6097 1 p 22 Martino Diez al Makin Ǧirǧis Ibn al ʿAmid Universal History The Vulgate Recension Part 1 Section 1 From Adam to the End of the Achaemenids Chapters 1 91 Brill Leiden 2023 p 23 Diez 2023 pp 23 26 based on Awad al Makin Ǧirǧis ibn al ʿAmid wa tariḫuhu pp 23 24 Diez 2023 pp 143 151 nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Elmacin George Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 9 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 296 Taʾriḫ al Makin Taʾriḫ al muslimin min Ṣaḥib Sariʿat al Islam Abi l Qasim Muḥammad ḥatta l dawla al atabakiyya ed ʿAli Bakr Ḥasan al Qahira Dar al ʿAwaṣim 2010 Claude Cahen La Chronique des Ayyoubides d al Makin b al ʿAmid Bulletin d etudes orientales 15 1955 1957 pp 109 184 Edde Anne Marie and Francoise Micheau trans Al Makin Ibn al ʿAmid Chronique des Ayyoubides 602 658 1205 6 1259 60 Paris Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 1994 Graf GCAL vol 2 p 351 Diez 2023 pp 28 29 Bibliography edit Editions and Translations edit Martino Diez al Makin Ǧirǧis Ibn al ʿAmid Universal History The Vulgate Recension From Adam to the End of the Achaemenids Leiden Brill com 2024 ISBN 978 90 04 54998 2 Critical edition with English translation and introduction Thomas Erpenius Historia Saracenica Arabice olim exarata a Georgio Elmacino fil Abuljaseri Elamidi f Abulmacaremi f Abultibi et Latine reddita opera ac studio Thomae Erpenii Lugduni Batavorum Leiden ex Typographia Erpeniana Linguarum Orientalium 1625 The Saracentical historie Written in Arabike by George Elmacin And translated into Latine by Thomas Erpenius Englished abridged and continued to the end of the Chalifa s by Samuel Purchas p 1009 1047 incl special t p the 4th part of Pvrchas his Pilgrimage 4th ed London 1626 ʿAli Bakr Ḥasan Taʾriḫ al Makin Taʾriḫ al muslimin min Ṣaḥib Sariʿat al Islam Abi l Qasim Muḥammad ḥatta l dawla al atabakiyya al Qahira Dar al ʿAwaṣim 2010 Claude Cahen La Chronique des Ayyoubides d al Makin b al ʿAmid Bulletin d etudes orientales 15 1955 1957 pp 109 184 JSTOR 41603260 Al Makin Ibn Al Amid Chronique des Ayyoubides 602 658 1205 6 1259 60 Tr Anne Marie Edde et Francoise Micheau Paris Academie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 1994 ISBN 2 87754 001 4 148pp French translation of the portion from 1205 to 1259 Studies edit Georg Graf Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur volume 2 Lists manuscripts of the work M Th Houtsma E van Donzel E J Brill s First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913 1936 p 173f At Google books Awad Wadi Abullif al Makin Ǧirǧis ibn al ʿAmid wa tariḫuhu al Ǧuzʾ al awwal al maṣadir wa l maraǧiʿ wa l sira in Wadi Awad ed Actes de la septieme rencontre des Amis du patrimoine arabe chretien Cairo The Franciscan Centre of Christian Oriental Studies 1999 pp 5 24 Witold Witakowski Ethiopic Universal Chronography in Martin Wallraff Julius Africanus und die christliche Weltchronistik deGruyter 2006 pp 285 301 Gawdat Gabra Historical Dictionary of the Coptic Church Scarecrow Press 2008 ISBN 978 0 8108 6097 1 pp 22 23 Samuel Moawad al Makin Jirjis ibn al ʿAmid the elder Christian Muslim Relations vol 4 2012 pp 566 571 External links editManuscripts of the history of al Makin Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jirjis al Makin Ibn al 27Amid amp oldid 1187756093, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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