Karl Georg Büchner (17 October 1813 – 19 February 1837) was a German dramatist and writer of poetry and prose, considered part of the Young Germany movement. He was also a revolutionary and the brother of physician and philosopher Ludwig Büchner. His literary achievements, though few in number, are generally held in great esteem in Germany and it is widely believed that, had it not been for his early death, he might have joined such central German literary figures as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller at the summit of their profession.[citation needed]
In 1828, he became interested in politics and joined a circle of William Shakespeare aficionados, which later on probably became the Giessen and Darmstadt section of the Society for Human Rights (Gesellschaft für Menschenrechte).
Büchner in a 1833/34 drawing by his friend Alexis Muston
While Büchner continued his studies in Giessen, he established a secret society dedicated to the revolutionary cause. In July 1834, with the help of evangelical theologian Friedrich Ludwig Weidig, he published the leaflet Der Hessische Landbote, a revolutionary pamphlet critical of social injustice in the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The authorities charged them with treason and issued a warrant for their arrest. Weidig was arrested, tortured and later died in prison in Darmstadt; Büchner managed to flee across the border to Strasbourg where he wrote most of his literary work and translated two French plays by Victor Hugo, Lucrèce Borgia and Marie Tudor. Two years later, his medical dissertation, "Mémoire sur le Système Nerveux du Barbeaux (Cyprinus barbus L.)" was published in Paris and Strasbourg. In October 1836, after receiving his M.D. and being appointed by the University of Zürich as a lecturer in anatomy, Büchner relocated to Zürich where he spent his final months writing and teaching until his death from typhus at the age of twenty-three.
Gravestone of Georg Büchner on Germaniahügel in Zürich-Oberstrass
His first play, Dantons Tod (Danton's Death), about the French Revolution, was published in 1835, followed by Lenz (first partly published in Karl Gutzkow's and Wienberg's Deutsche Revue, which was quickly banned). Lenz is a novella based on the life of the Sturm und Drang poet Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz. In 1836 his second play, Leonce and Lena, satirized the nobility. His unfinished and most famous play, Woyzeck, exists only in fragments and was published posthumously.
Legacyedit
By the 1870s, Büchner was nearly forgotten in Germany when Karl Emil Franzos edited his works; these later became a major influence on the naturalist and expressionist movements. Arnold Zweig described Lenz, Büchner's only work of prose fiction, as "the beginning of modern European prose".
The play Woyzeck became the basis for many adaptations including Alban Berg's landmark atonal opera Wozzeck which premiered in 1925, and Werner Herzog's 1979 film Woyzeck (see main article, Woyzeck, for a full list).
A literary prize in Germany, the Georg Büchner Prize, is awarded annually. It was created in 1923. His play "Woyzeck" has also been designated compulsory reading for students in grade 12 in Germany.
Georg Büchner, Werke und Briefe. Münchner Ausgabe (dtv, 1997). ISBN3-423-12374-5.
Georg Büchner, Dichtungen, Schriften, Briefe und Dokumente (Deutscher Klassiker Verlag, 2006). ISBN 978-3-618-68013-0. The most complete, authoritative edition.
Translationsedit
Red Yucca – German Poetry in Translation (trans. Eric Plattner)
Georg Büchner, Complete Plays and Prose, trans. Carl Richard Mueller (Hill and Wang, 1963)
Georg Büchner, The Complete Plays: Danton's Death; Leonce and Lena; Woyzeck; Lenz; the Hessian Messenger; on Cranial Nerves; Selected Letters trans. John Reddick (Penguin Classics, 1993) ISBN0-14-044586-2.
Georg Büchner, Danton's Death, Leonce and Lena and Woyzeck, trans. Victor Price, (Oxford World's Classics, 1998). ISBN0-19-283650-1.
Notesedit
^"Büchner, Georg." Garland, Henry and Mary (Eds.). The Oxford Companion to German Literature. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. p. 121.
Referencesedit
Garland, Henry and Mary (Eds.). The Oxford Companion to German Literature. 2nd ed. by Mary Garland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986. "Büchner, Georg", p. 121.
Heiner Boehncke, Peter Brunner, Hans Sarkowicz. Die Büchners oder der Wunsch, die Welt zu verändern. Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2008.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Georg Büchner.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Georg Büchner.
Works by Georg Büchner at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
Series on life of Georg Büchner, by Sybille Fuchs, reviewing Georg Büchner: Revolutionary with pen and scalpel, an exhibition from 13 October 2013 to 16 February 2014 at the Darmstadium Conference Centre, Darmstadt: Part 1 – Part 2 – Part 3 – Part 4 – Part 5
January 01, 1970
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations September 2018 Learn how and when to remove this message Karl Georg Buchner 17 October 1813 19 February 1837 was a German dramatist and writer of poetry and prose considered part of the Young Germany movement He was also a revolutionary and the brother of physician and philosopher Ludwig Buchner His literary achievements though few in number are generally held in great esteem in Germany and it is widely believed that had it not been for his early death he might have joined such central German literary figures as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller at the summit of their profession citation needed Georg BuchnerPencil drawing of Buchner c 1835BornKarl Georg Buchner 1813 10 17 17 October 1813Riedstadt Grand Duchy of HesseDied19 February 1837 1837 02 19 aged 23 Zurich SwitzerlandOccupationDramatistAlma materUniversity of Strassburg University of GiessenNotable worksDanton s Death Leonce and Lena WoyzeckRelativesLudwig Buchner Luise Buchner Ernst Buchner Contents 1 Life and career 2 Legacy 3 Works 3 1 Editions 3 2 Translations 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksLife and career editBorn in Goddelau now part of Riedstadt in the Grand Duchy of Hesse as the son of a physician Buchner attended the Darmstadt gymnasium a humanistic secondary school 1 In 1828 he became interested in politics and joined a circle of William Shakespeare aficionados which later on probably became the Giessen and Darmstadt section of the Society for Human Rights Gesellschaft fur Menschenrechte In 1831 at age 18 he began to study medicine in Strasbourg In Strasbourg he immersed himself in French literature and political thought He was influenced by the utopian communist theories of Francois Noel Babeuf and Claude Henri de Saint Simon In 1833 he moved to Giessen and continued his studies at the local university nbsp Buchner in a 1833 34 drawing by his friend Alexis Muston While Buchner continued his studies in Giessen he established a secret society dedicated to the revolutionary cause In July 1834 with the help of evangelical theologian Friedrich Ludwig Weidig he published the leaflet Der Hessische Landbote a revolutionary pamphlet critical of social injustice in the Grand Duchy of Hesse The authorities charged them with treason and issued a warrant for their arrest Weidig was arrested tortured and later died in prison in Darmstadt Buchner managed to flee across the border to Strasbourg where he wrote most of his literary work and translated two French plays by Victor Hugo Lucrece Borgia and Marie Tudor Two years later his medical dissertation Memoire sur le Systeme Nerveux du Barbeaux Cyprinus barbus L was published in Paris and Strasbourg In October 1836 after receiving his M D and being appointed by the University of Zurich as a lecturer in anatomy Buchner relocated to Zurich where he spent his final months writing and teaching until his death from typhus at the age of twenty three nbsp Gravestone of Georg Buchner on Germaniahugel in Zurich Oberstrass His first play Dantons Tod Danton s Death about the French Revolution was published in 1835 followed by Lenz first partly published in Karl Gutzkow s and Wienberg s Deutsche Revue which was quickly banned Lenz is a novella based on the life of the Sturm und Drang poet Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz In 1836 his second play Leonce and Lena satirized the nobility His unfinished and most famous play Woyzeck exists only in fragments and was published posthumously Legacy editBy the 1870s Buchner was nearly forgotten in Germany when Karl Emil Franzos edited his works these later became a major influence on the naturalist and expressionist movements Arnold Zweig described Lenz Buchner s only work of prose fiction as the beginning of modern European prose The play Woyzeck became the basis for many adaptations including Alban Berg s landmark atonal opera Wozzeck which premiered in 1925 and Werner Herzog s 1979 film Woyzeck see main article Woyzeck for a full list A literary prize in Germany the Georg Buchner Prize is awarded annually It was created in 1923 His play Woyzeck has also been designated compulsory reading for students in grade 12 in Germany Works editThe Hessian Courier 1834 in cooperation with Friedrich Ludwig Weidig Flugschrift Danton s Death 1835 Drama Lenz 1835 Short story Leonce and Lena 1836 Comedy Woyzeck 1837 Drama fragment Pietro Aretino his drama about Pietro Aretino has been lost Translations Lucrezia Borgia 1835 Of the play by Victor Hugo Maria Tudor 1835 Of the play by Victor Hugo Editions edit Georg Buchner Werke und Briefe Munchner Ausgabe dtv 1997 ISBN 3 423 12374 5 Georg Buchner Dichtungen Schriften Briefe und Dokumente Deutscher Klassiker Verlag 2006 ISBN 978 3 618 68013 0 The most complete authoritative edition Translations edit Red Yucca German Poetry in Translation trans Eric Plattner Georg Buchner Complete Plays and Prose trans Carl Richard Mueller Hill and Wang 1963 Georg Buchner The Complete Plays Danton s Death Leonce and Lena Woyzeck Lenz the Hessian Messenger on Cranial Nerves Selected Letters trans John Reddick Penguin Classics 1993 ISBN 0 14 044586 2 Georg Buchner Danton s Death Leonce and Lena and Woyzeck trans Victor Price Oxford World s Classics 1998 ISBN 0 19 283650 1 Notes edit Buchner Georg Garland Henry and Mary Eds The Oxford Companion to German Literature 2nd ed Oxford Oxford University Press 1986 p 121 References editGarland Henry and Mary Eds The Oxford Companion to German Literature 2nd ed by Mary Garland Oxford Oxford University Press 1986 Buchner Georg p 121 Heiner Boehncke Peter Brunner Hans Sarkowicz Die Buchners oder der Wunsch die Welt zu verandern Societats Verlag Frankfurt am Main 2008 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Georg Buchner nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Georg Buchner Works by Georg Buchner at Project Gutenberg Works by Georg Buchner at Faded Page Canada Works by or about Georg Buchner at Internet Archive Works by Georg Buchner at LibriVox public domain audiobooks nbsp Series on life of Georg Buchner by Sybille Fuchs reviewing Georg Buchner Revolutionary with pen and scalpel an exhibition from 13 October 2013 to 16 February 2014 at the Darmstadium Conference Centre Darmstadt Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Buchner s birthplace Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Georg Buchner amp oldid 1221169529, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
