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The General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge is located at the Tablazo Strait outlet of Lake Maracaibo, in western Venezuela. The bridge connects Maracaibo with much of the rest of the country. It is named after GeneralRafael Urdaneta, a Venezuelan hero of Independence who was born in Maracaibo.
Made of reinforced and prestressed concrete, the cable-stayed bridge spans 8.678 kilometres (5.392 mi) from shore to shore. The five main spans are each 235 metres (771 ft) long.[3] They are supported from 92-metre (302 ft) tall towers, and provide 46 metres (151 ft) of clearance to the water below.[4] The bridge carries only vehicles.
The competition to design the bridge started in 1957 and was won by Riccardo Morandi, an Italian civil engineer. Morandi's was the only concrete design out of twelve entries, and was expected to be less expensive to maintain, as well as providing valuable experience of prestressed concrete technology for Venezuela.[4] Construction was carried out by several companies, including Grün & Bilfinger, Julius Berger, Bauboag AG, Philipp Holzmann AG, Precomprimido C.A., Wayss & Freytag and K Ingeniería.
It was opened on 24 August 1962 by the then-president of Venezuela Romulo Betancourt.
In April 1964, parts of the bridge collapsed after a collision with the tankerEsso Maracaibo, causing the deaths of seven people.[5]
The construction of a second cable-stayed bridge has been proposed since 1982, with a series of studies made since 2000. The cost of the new bridge has been estimated at US$440m, to be largely privately financed via tolls.
The bridge's structural integrity received heightened concern after the August 2018 collapse of a stayed pier on a similar bridge, Ponte Morandi in Genoa, Italy.
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish August 2012 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Spanish article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 207 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at es Puente General Rafael Urdaneta see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated es Puente General Rafael Urdaneta to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge is located at the Tablazo Strait outlet of Lake Maracaibo in western Venezuela The bridge connects Maracaibo with much of the rest of the country It is named after General Rafael Urdaneta a Venezuelan hero of Independence who was born in Maracaibo General Rafael Urdaneta BridgeCoordinates10 34 27 38 N 71 34 33 73 W 10 5742722 N 71 5760361 W 10 5742722 71 5760361 Coordinates 10 34 27 38 N 71 34 33 73 W 10 5742722 N 71 5760361 W 10 5742722 71 5760361CarriesvehiclesCrossesTablazo StraitLocaleMaracaibo Zulia Venezuela 1 CharacteristicsDesignCable stayed bridge 1 MaterialReinforced concrete 1 Total length8 7 kilometres 5 4 mi 1 Height86 6 metres 284 ft 1 Longest span235 metres 771 ft x 5No of spans135HistoryDesignerRiccardo MorandiConstruction start1958 1 Construction end1962 1 Construction costBs 350 million 2 Location Contents 1 Design and construction 2 History 3 See also 4 References 5 Notes 6 External linksDesign and construction EditMade of reinforced and prestressed concrete the cable stayed bridge spans 8 678 kilometres 5 392 mi from shore to shore The five main spans are each 235 metres 771 ft long 3 They are supported from 92 metre 302 ft tall towers and provide 46 metres 151 ft of clearance to the water below 4 The bridge carries only vehicles The competition to design the bridge started in 1957 and was won by Riccardo Morandi an Italian civil engineer Morandi s was the only concrete design out of twelve entries and was expected to be less expensive to maintain as well as providing valuable experience of prestressed concrete technology for Venezuela 4 Construction was carried out by several companies including Grun amp Bilfinger Julius Berger Bauboag AG Philipp Holzmann AG Precomprimido C A Wayss amp Freytag and K Ingenieria According to eminent bridge engineer Michel Virlogeux 3 the Lake Maracaibo Bridge deserves to be part of the series of the most famous bridges over the world with the Golden Gate Bridge the bridge over the Firth of Forth the Brooklyn Bridge and the Garabit Viaduct General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge panoramicHistory EditIt was opened on 24 August 1962 by the then president of Venezuela Romulo Betancourt In April 1964 parts of the bridge collapsed after a collision with the tanker Esso Maracaibo causing the deaths of seven people 5 The construction of a second cable stayed bridge has been proposed since 1982 with a series of studies made since 2000 The cost of the new bridge has been estimated at US 440m to be largely privately financed via tolls The bridge s structural integrity received heightened concern after the August 2018 collapse of a stayed pier on a similar bridge Ponte Morandi in Genoa Italy Commemorative StampSee also EditList of bridges by lengthReferences EditDupre Judith Bridges Konemann 1998 ISBN 3 8290 0408 7 Virlogeux Michel Bridges with Multiple Cable Stayed Spans Structural Engineering International 1 2001Notes Edit a b c d e f g Maracaibo Bridge at Structurae Venezuela Tuya Maracaibo retrieved 6 August 2014 a b Virlogeux p 61 a b Dupre p 91 The collison between Esso Maracaibo amp the Bridge Auke Visser s Other Esso Related Tankers Site Retrieved 15 August 2018 External links EditGeneral Rafael Urdaneta Website in spanish Second Lake Maracaibo Bridge at Structurae Info on Maracaibo including the bridge Esso Maracaibo website https www venezuelatuya com occidente puenterafaelurdanetaeng htm Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge amp oldid 1151042427, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
