Junot was born in Bussy-le-Grand, Côte-d'Or, son of Michel Junot, a farmer (1739–1814), and wife Marie Antoinette Bienaymé (1735–1806). His father was the son of François Junot (?–1759) and wife Edmée Laurain (1703–1784), while his mother was the daughter of Guy Bienaymé and wife Ursule Rigoley. Jean-Andoche went to school in Châtillon. He was studying law in Dijon when the French Revolution started. After joining a battalion as volunteer, he was twice wounded and also made sergeant. He first met Napoleon Bonaparte during the siege of Toulon in 1793, when he became his secretary (aide de camp).
He distinguished himself in Italy but received a serious head wound at Lonato, which some claim led to a permanent change in his character, reduced the quality of his judgement and made him rash and temperamental. He was made a general of brigade at the beginning of the Egyptian campaign but was injured in a duel and captured when he was returning as an invalid to France. He later participated in the coup of 18 Brumaire. He married Laure (Laurette) Martin de Permond, a long-time friend of the Bonapartes, in 1800. He was briefly ambassador to Portugal before hurrying back to serve under Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805).
Peninsular War
Junot's major command was during the Peninsular War, when he commanded the 1807 Invasion of Portugal. Setting out in November from Salamanca, with the promise of a ducal title and a marshals baton, his vanguard accomplished a bloodless occupation of Lisbon on 30 November. For this feat, he was granted the ducal victory title of Duc d'Abrantès and was made Governor of Portugal, though he was not given the baton.
However, when a British expeditionary force landed, Junot was beaten at the Battle of Vimeiro on 21 August 1808, and he was cut off from France. Only the signing of the advantageous Convention of Sintra allowed him to avoid capture, taking with him "the weapons and baggages" and pillage the army had managed to gather—an expression that later became famous in Portuguese usage. He went back to France in October, narrowly escaping a court martial. He returned to the Iberian peninsula in 1810 in command of the VIII Corps, under Marshal André Masséna, and was badly wounded.
Later years
In the Russian campaign Junot's record was erratic. He was blamed for allowing the Russian army to retreat following the Battle of Smolensk (17 August), but at the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) he commanded the 7th Corps competently. Junot's performance at Smolensk infuriated Napoleon to the point that he vowed never to grant Junot a baton.
In 1813 he was made Governor of the Illyrian Provinces but his growing mental instability, caused by his fall from favor, led to him being returned to France, to be placed under the surveillance of his father. Suffering from delirium he slashed at his broken leg and died of infectious complications several days later. Many think he committed suicide in Montbard.
Family and relations
He had two daughters and three sons:
Othello (Egypt, c.1798), the child of an Abyssinian slave named Xraxarane born during the French campaign in Egypt.[1] Junot brought Othello to France.[2]
Joséphine Junot d'Abrantès (Paris, 2 January 1802 – Paris, 15 October 1888), married in November 1841 to Jacques-Louis Amet
Constance Junot d'Abrantès (Paris, 12 May 1803 – 1881), married in 1829 Louis Antoine Aubert (1799 – 1882), and had issue
Louis Napoléon Andoche Junot, 2nd Duc d'Abrantès (Paris, 25 September 1807 – Neuilly,[3] 20 February 1851), who died unmarried and without issue
Andoche Alfred Michel Junot, 3rd Duc d'Abrantes (Ciudad Rodrigo, 25 November 1810 – killed in action at Solferino, 24 June 1859), married firstly on 2 April 1845 Marie Céline Elise Lepic (9 October 1824 – 6 June 1847), and married secondly on 10 January 1853 Marie Louise Léonie Lepic (19 July 1829 – 17 August 1868), both sisters, daughters of Joachim Lepic, 1st Baron Lepic, and wife Anne-Marguerite Pasquier, and had:
Jeanne Joséphine Marguerite Junot d'Abrantès (Paris, 22 May 1847 – Lasray, 21 March 1934), married in Paris, 16 September 1869 Xavier Eugène Maurice Le Ray (Sèvres, 15 July 1846 – Paris, 1 December 1900), who was created 4th Duc d'Abrantès in 1869, and had issue extinct in male line in 1982
Jérôme Napoléon Andoche Junot d'Abrantès (Paris, 16 June 1854 – Paris, 10 March 1857)
Marguerite Louise Elisabeth Junot d'Abrantès (Paris, 25 January 1856 – 1919), married in Paris, 11 November 1883 César Elzéar Léon Vicomte Arthaud de La Ferrière (1853 – 1924).[citation needed]
jean, andoche, junot, duke, abrantes, september, 1771, july, 1813, french, military, officer, during, french, revolutionary, wars, napoleonic, wars, duke, abrantesportrait, andrea, appiani, 1797military, governor, parisin, office, 1803, 1804monarchnapoleon, ip. Jean Andoche Junot 1st Duke of Abrantes 24 September 1771 29 July 1813 was a French military officer during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars Jean Andoche JunotDuke of AbrantesPortrait by Andrea Appiani c 1797Military Governor of ParisIn office 1803 1804MonarchNapoleon IPreceded byEdouard MortierSucceeded byJoachim MuratIn office 1806 1807Preceded byJoachim MuratSucceeded byPierre Augustin HulinPersonal detailsBorn 1771 09 24 24 September 1771Bussy le Grand Burgundy Kingdom of FranceDied29 July 1813 1813 07 29 aged 42 Montbard Cote d Or French EmpireMilitary serviceAllegianceKingdom of France First French Republic First French EmpireBranch serviceArmyBattles warsSee list French Revolutionary Wars War of the First Coalition Siege of Toulon War of the Second Coalition Battle of Lonato War of the Third Coalition Battle of Austerlitz Peninsular War Campaign in Portugal Battle of Vimeiro French Invasion of Russia Battle of Smolensk Battle of Borodino Contents 1 Biography 1 1 Early life 1 2 Italian campaign 1 3 Peninsular War 1 4 Later years 2 Family and relations 3 References 4 Further readingBiography EditEarly life Edit Junot was born in Bussy le Grand Cote d Or son of Michel Junot a farmer 1739 1814 and wife Marie Antoinette Bienayme 1735 1806 His father was the son of Francois Junot 1759 and wife Edmee Laurain 1703 1784 while his mother was the daughter of Guy Bienayme and wife Ursule Rigoley Jean Andoche went to school in Chatillon He was studying law in Dijon when the French Revolution started After joining a battalion as volunteer he was twice wounded and also made sergeant He first met Napoleon Bonaparte during the siege of Toulon in 1793 when he became his secretary aide de camp Junot as a grenadier in 1792 by Felix Philippoteaux 1834 Italian campaign Edit He distinguished himself in Italy but received a serious head wound at Lonato which some claim led to a permanent change in his character reduced the quality of his judgement and made him rash and temperamental He was made a general of brigade at the beginning of the Egyptian campaign but was injured in a duel and captured when he was returning as an invalid to France He later participated in the coup of 18 Brumaire He married Laure Laurette Martin de Permond a long time friend of the Bonapartes in 1800 He was briefly ambassador to Portugal before hurrying back to serve under Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz 2 December 1805 Peninsular War Edit Junot s major command was during the Peninsular War when he commanded the 1807 Invasion of Portugal Setting out in November from Salamanca with the promise of a ducal title and a marshals baton his vanguard accomplished a bloodless occupation of Lisbon on 30 November For this feat he was granted the ducal victory title of Duc d Abrantes and was made Governor of Portugal though he was not given the baton However when a British expeditionary force landed Junot was beaten at the Battle of Vimeiro on 21 August 1808 and he was cut off from France Only the signing of the advantageous Convention of Sintra allowed him to avoid capture taking with him the weapons and baggages and pillage the army had managed to gather an expression that later became famous in Portuguese usage He went back to France in October narrowly escaping a court martial He returned to the Iberian peninsula in 1810 in command of the VIII Corps under Marshal Andre Massena and was badly wounded Later years Edit In the Russian campaign Junot s record was erratic He was blamed for allowing the Russian army to retreat following the Battle of Smolensk 17 August but at the Battle of Borodino 7 September 1812 he commanded the 7th Corps competently Junot s performance at Smolensk infuriated Napoleon to the point that he vowed never to grant Junot a baton In 1813 he was made Governor of the Illyrian Provinces but his growing mental instability caused by his fall from favor led to him being returned to France to be placed under the surveillance of his father Suffering from delirium he slashed at his broken leg and died of infectious complications several days later Many think he committed suicide in Montbard Family and relations EditHe had two daughters and three sons Othello Egypt c 1798 the child of an Abyssinian slave named Xraxarane born during the French campaign in Egypt 1 Junot brought Othello to France 2 Josephine Junot d Abrantes Paris 2 January 1802 Paris 15 October 1888 married in November 1841 to Jacques Louis Amet Constance Junot d Abrantes Paris 12 May 1803 1881 married in 1829 Louis Antoine Aubert 1799 1882 and had issue Louis Napoleon Andoche Junot 2nd Duc d Abrantes Paris 25 September 1807 Neuilly 3 20 February 1851 who died unmarried and without issue Andoche Alfred Michel Junot 3rd Duc d Abrantes Ciudad Rodrigo 25 November 1810 killed in action at Solferino 24 June 1859 married firstly on 2 April 1845 Marie Celine Elise Lepic 9 October 1824 6 June 1847 and married secondly on 10 January 1853 Marie Louise Leonie Lepic 19 July 1829 17 August 1868 both sisters daughters of Joachim Lepic 1st Baron Lepic and wife Anne Marguerite Pasquier and had Jeanne Josephine Marguerite Junot d Abrantes Paris 22 May 1847 Lasray 21 March 1934 married in Paris 16 September 1869 Xavier Eugene Maurice Le Ray Sevres 15 July 1846 Paris 1 December 1900 who was created 4th Duc d Abrantes in 1869 and had issue extinct in male line in 1982 Jerome Napoleon Andoche Junot d Abrantes Paris 16 June 1854 Paris 10 March 1857 Marguerite Louise Elisabeth Junot d Abrantes Paris 25 January 1856 1919 married in Paris 11 November 1883 Cesar Elzear Leon Vicomte Arthaud de La Ferriere 1853 1924 citation needed During the peninsular war he had a relationship with Juliana de Almeida e Oyenhausen daughter of Leonor de Almeida Portugal 4th Marquise of Alorna References Edit Dubief Sylvian Le general Junot en Egypte napoleon org in French Foundation Napoleon Retrieved 17 April 2022 Zamoyski Adam 2018 Napoleon the man behind the myth London William Collins p 192 ISBN 978 0 00 811609 5 Louis Andoche Junot D abrantEs Chartrand Rene Vimeiro 1808 London Osprey Publishing 2001 ISBN 1 84176 309 8 Haythornthwaite Philip Napoleon s Commanders 1 c 1792 1809 London Osprey Publishing 2001 ISBN 1 84176 055 2Further reading Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jean Andoche Junot Wikiquote has quotations related to Jean Andoche Junot Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Junot Andoche Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 15 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 560 561 Military officesPreceded byEdouard Mortier Military governor of Paris1803 1804 Succeeded byJoachim Murat Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jean Andoche Junot amp oldid 1127790275, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
